Sub-10 nm colloidal lithography for circuit-integrated spin-photo-electronic devices

• Adrian Iovan,
• Marco Fischer,
• Roberto Lo Conte and
• Vladislav Korenivski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 884–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.98

• mechanism behind this is the formation of atomic/nanoscale domain walls in the nanoconstriction under the spin-transfer torque (STT) from the spin accumulation at the Fe/FeCr interface. The switching in both directions occurs at one bias polarity, which is characteristic of the STT effect. The change in

Pinch-off mechanism in double-lateral-gate junctionless transistors fabricated by scanning probe microscope based lithography

• Farhad Larki,
• Arash Dehzangi,
• Alam Abedini,
• Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah,
• Elias Saion,
• Sabar D. Hutagalung,
• Mohd N. Hamidon and
• Jumiah Hassan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 817–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.91

• , facilitating the scaling of the transistors. The structures of proposed JLTs utilize a thin channel with homogeneous doping polarity and high doping concentration across the source/drain and the channel. High doping concentration can provide a higher value of current for such a thin channel, but at the same

Current–voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution

• Bernd M. Briechle,
• Youngsang Kim,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Artur Erbe,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Ulrich Groth and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 798–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.89

• symmetrical ones, i.e., the current amplitude at a given voltage is the same for both polarities of the bias, and asymmetric ones that resemble the I–V’s of a diode with higher current level in one polarity than in the other [38]. For the following analysis we restrict ourselves to those I–V’s that are stable

The memory effect of nanoscale memristors investigated by conducting scanning probe microscopy methods

• César Moreno,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Xavier Obradors and
• Carmen Ocal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 722–730, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.82

• essentially two-terminal devices whose resistance depends on the polarity of the applied voltage. The simplest memristor consists of a thin oxide or semiconductor doped film (of thickness w) between top and bottom metallic electrodes. The slope of the functional relationship between the time integral of the

• bipolar switching behaviour, such as that shown in Figure 3a. The clearly asymmetric curve indicates that diverse microscopic processes govern charge transport under each polarity; the different branches are capable of being described by I–Vs of electrical circuits in which both resistors and rectifiers

• Vtip > 0 (see scale bar). Resistance-switching sequence: Erasing back to a LR state starting from the local HR (nonconducting) modification, performed on the LSMO surface at Vwr = +4 V. The nonconducting character of the written region (white square) is reversed by changing the voltage polarity: (a

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• of the apex atoms (see, e.g., [28][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). While, for specific cases, the contrast-formation mechanism may be explained by using a relatively simple picture of tip-apex polarity [47][54][55], generally more complicated tip-apex models and theoretical considerations need

Models of the interaction of metal tips with insulating surfaces

• Thomas Trevethan,
• Matthew Watkins and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 329–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.37

• highly dependent on the exact atomic structure and chemical nature of the tip apex. In the case of ionic surfaces, different terminating atoms can lead to completely inverted image contrasts [3][4], in which case it is not even possible to identify the polarity of surface ions corresponding to

Dipole-driven self-organization of zwitterionic molecules on alkali halide surfaces

• Laurent Nony,
• Franck Bocquet,
• Franck Para,
• Frédéric Chérioux,
• Eric Duverger,
• Frank Palmino,
• Vincent Luzet and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 285–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.32

• , the restructuring of rectangular edges to round structures is attributed to the fact that these molecules interact more strongly with kink and inner corner sites of a certain polarity. Conclusion In summary, we have shown that zwitterionic MSPS adsorbs most probably in an isomerized agraffe-like

Noncontact atomic force microscopy study of the spinel MgAl₂O₄(111) surface

• Morten K. Rasmussen,
• Kristoffer Meinander,
• Flemming Besenbacher and
• Jeppe V. Lauritsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 192–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.21

• by oxygen-deficient areas. These observations are in accordance with previous theoretical studies, which predict that the polarity of the surface can be compensated by removal of a certain fraction of oxygen atoms. However, instead of isolated O vacancies, it is observed that O is removed in a

• decreased in order to comply with the electrostatic requirements. In principle, compensation of the surface polarity is achieved by the removal of 42% of the topmost O3 layer only. However, selectively removing this fraction only from the O3 part of the full O3–O evidently does not match the experimentally

• optimum amount of O2.74 required to stabilize the surface by charge removal alone. Any remaining surface polarity can be explained by the compensation originating from the step edges (Figure 2c) or scattered O vacancies, which are not imaged in the NC-AFM images. It is noted that the criteria used above

Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits

• Jonathan Berson,
• Assaf Zeira,
• Rivka Maoz and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.14

• electrooxidation of the target monolayer (CEP step), the target is biased positively (anode) with respect to the patterning electrode, whereas for metal transfer (CET step), the polarity of the applied bias voltage is reversed so that the stamp or the SFM probe now acts as the anode and the target monolayer as the

• images, respectively [30]. This is a consequence of the large difference in the polarity of the outer exposed functions of OTSeo (–COOH) and OTS (–CH3), which gives rise to a corresponding large difference in the frictional force exerted on a tip moving in contact with a patterned monolayer surface of

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• , with the help of certain surfactants; however, such round concaves containing ordered mesopores have not been noticed before. As a preliminary result, we ascribe the formation of such a nanoarchitecture to the Mg2+ ions in the precursor, which increased the polarity of the ethanol and enhanced the

Improvement of the oxidation stability of cobalt nanoparticles

• Celin Dobbrow and
• Annette M. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 75–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.9

• deceleration is much more significant for PS than for a PCL shell, probably due to a difference in their molecular oxygen diffusion properties resulting from different polymer polarity and oxygen affinity. The combination of a considerable deceleration of the oxidation progress in air, and the observed

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• , the difference between the electronegativity of Ti to that of Si, (1.54 and 1.90 by Pauling’s scale, respectively) which affects the polarity of the M–O bond of the oxide, the point of zero charge of the oxide, and the number of OH sites on the surface are expected to influence the tendency of these

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• under supercritical conditions, affording an improved reactivity, polarity and solubility, thus enhancing its catalytic activity and selectivity [29][32]. Ceria shows both acidic and basic properties, which are important for its reactivity as a catalyst [29]. In addition, it is known that even though

How to remove the influence of trace water from the absorption spectra of SWNTs dispersed in ionic liquids

• Juan Yang,
• Daqi Zhang and
• Yan Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 653–658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.69

• investigation of the properties and applications of SWNTs. As it is well known that ILs are hygroscopic and that the amount of water absorbed in ILs can significantly affect the physical properties, such as polarity, viscosity, conductivity, and solubility [19][20][21], much research [21][22] have been carried

Determination of object position, vortex shedding frequency and flow velocity using artificial lateral line canals

• Adrian Klein and
• Horst Bleckmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 276–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.32

• local flow velocity. Unlike sensors based on hot-wire anemometry, these sensors were directional like lateral line neuromasts, i.e., along their dominant axis they responded to water flow in both directions with equal sensitivity but with opposite polarity. The detection limit for water flow was 100 μm

Recrystallization of tubules from natural lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on a Au(111) surface

• Sujit Kumar Dora and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 261–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.30

• HOPG (non-polar) to horizontally oriented tubules on polar substrates, e.g., silicon, alumina, or glass, they concluded that surface polarity is responsible for tubule orientation. They also demonstrated an increase in the hydrophobicity of the HOPG surface covered with tubules by measuring the contact

• we would also like to refer to the orientation of wax tubules found in previous studies of the self-assembly of natural nonacosan-10-ol wax on different substrates. Jetter and co-workers [2] showed that substrate polarity and roughness play no role in tubule crystallization by demonstrating a

• ] demonstrated the effect of substrate polarity on the tubule growth by showing a vertical orientation on HOPG and a horizontal orientation on silicon and alumina. However, in our study by combining various properties (e.g., polarity, crystallinity) together at two different surfaces we have demonstrated that