NO gas sensing at room temperature using single titanium oxide nanodot sensors created by atomic force microscopy nanolithography

• Li-Yang Hong and
• Heh-Nan Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1044–1051, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.97

• applications [5][11]. Semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors generally need to work at high temperatures due to the high energy required for surface reactions [5][12][13]. However, a high operating temperature results in issues with durability and reliability of the device [5]. To overcome this drawback, light

In situ observation of deformation processes in nanocrystalline face-centered cubic metals

• Aaron Kobler,
• Christian Brandl,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 572–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.50

• figure, inset in Figure 1c) are superimposed with the reliability values in black, which constitute a measure for the unambiguousness of the orientation determination during the orientation assignment to the diffraction pattern. The evolution of the local orientation is tracked in a tensile experiment

• ° disorientation Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11b). The high Schmid factor (≈0.5) of the orange crystallite (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S8) in conjunction with the decreasing reliability (amount of black pixels increases) from 0% to 4.7% strain is consistent with the creation and accumulation

• concurrent deformation mechanisms. (b) ACOM-STEM orientation maps overlaid with the reliability and the cross-correlation index of a cross-section of ncPda at 0% strain. (c,d) ACOM-STEM orientation maps overlaid with the reliability of the fracture morphology of ncPda before (c) and after fracture (d). The

Length-extension resonator as a force sensor for high-resolution frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy in air

• Hannes Beyer,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 432–438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.38

• , demonstrating the reliability of the method. In Figure 3b the topography of the last scan is shown together with a height profile along the line indicated (Figure 3c). A typical KBr surface with terraces separated by steps of approximately 315 pm is observed. Force regime As mentioned earlier, the force

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• they contain a covalent, conjugated “contact” between two aromatic π-systems. The reproducibility, reliability, and operating life of carbon-based MJs resulted in an application in audio processing of electronic music, available commercially in 2015 as an accessory for electric guitars. The fundamental

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies

• Balazs Farkas,
• Marina Rodio,
• Ilaria Romano,
• Alberto Diaspro,
• Romuald Intartaglia and
• Szabolcs Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2217–2223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.227

• fabrication/laser parameters as well („physical tuning”) [23] with pristine resins as well as the Au NP ones. The obvious advantage of the chemical tuning over physical tuning is reliability, while physical tuning can be conducted in situ, leading to a highly versatile, albeit hard to evaluate, fabrication

Enhanced model for determining the number of graphene layers and their distribution from X-ray diffraction data

• Beti Andonovic,
• Abdulakim Ademi,
• Anita Grozdanov,
• Perica Paunović and
• Aleksandar T. Dimitrov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2113–2122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.216

• calculation of the number of graphene layers for sample GAE2 and it is N = 3.46. The calculated value of La for the sample GAE2 was 3.93 nm. In the following section, the alterations to the simple model, which form the enhanced model and which improve the reliability of the provided insight, the precision of

Framework for automatic information extraction from research papers on nanocrystal devices

• Thaer M. Dieb,
• Masaharu Yoshioka,
• Shinjiro Hara and
• Marcus C. Newton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1872–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.190

• check the reliability of the guideline. We used kappa coefficient to test inter-annotator agreement (IAA) [32]. Two metrics were used for the analysis: tight agreement, which considers the term boundary and term category to decide the agreement; and loose agreement, which ignores the term boundary, i.e

• evaluate this corpus and finalize it with a domain expert researcher to ensure reliability. We classified the annotations of graduate students into agreed and disagreed annotations. Careless mistakes, such as one annotator missed to add an annotation, or typical types of disagreement when annotators

• ]. We have made a finalized version of the five papers of the corpus based on the revision of the domain expert. To evaluate the annotation reliability of the graduate students, we compared this finalized version with the original corpus constructed before the evaluation experiment. Evaluation showed

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• International Center for Scholars and the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies created the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) in 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created

• , including a lower cost for industries and, ultimately, a registry would benefit consumers, companies, and governments [18]. The objective of this work was to modify the CPI to improve its functionality, reliability, and utility to the diverse group of stakeholders who have come to depend on it as a critical

• identify nanomaterials in consumer products and to understand human exposure to those materials [36]. How much we know Through the “How much we know” descriptor, inventory entries are rated according to the reliability of the manufacturer’s claim that products contain nanomaterials. We evaluated 1259

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• IUCLID database. They provide definitions and support for annotating the data records by relevance, reliability and adequacy. Some of the criteria necessarily overlap with rules defined elsewhere (availability of the raw data, adequate description of the study, protocols, parameters, purities/impurities

• and the origin of the test substances; proof of ability of the lab to do the study). Klimisch codes (or scores) define four reliability categories (1 = reliable without restrictions, 2 = reliable with restrictions, 3 = not reliable, 4 = not assignable), where score 1 or 2 can only be assigned if the

• data are generated through accepted standard methods (e.g., OECD guidelines or equivalent national or international standards) and according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). In practice, very few of the publicly available NM datasets can be assigned reliability code 1 or 2, due to the lack of

Electron and heat transport in porphyrin-based single-molecule transistors with electro-burnt graphene electrodes

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1413–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.146

• circuit should double approximately every two years. Since 1974, when the idea of a single-molecule rectifier was proposed by Ratner and Aviram [5], many attempts to realize FETs have failed to deliver the room-temperature reliability, reproducibility and stability required by the electronics industry [6

Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir–Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative

• Henrry M. Osorio,
• Santiago Martín,
• María Carmen López,
• Santiago Marqués-González,
• Simon J. Higgins,
• Richard J. Nichols,
• Paul J. Low and
• Pilar Cea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1145–1157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.116

• reproducibility and reliability of the results. Figure 8 shows a representative I–V curve obtained for a single layer LB film transferred onto Au(111) at a surface pressure of 16 mN·m−1 and recorded under touch-to-contact conditions. The profile of the I–V curve is clearly symmetrical around zero bias and

Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• C60 indicates the reliability of the approach, putting emphasis on the present capability of DFT codes in predicting the excited state structure of molecules and solids [53]. On the other hand the comparison of the results from the trapped Fermi gas with the analytical model of [32][35] is suggestive

Manipulation of magnetic vortex parameters in disk-on-disk nanostructures with various geometry

• Maxim E. Stebliy,
• Alexander G. Kolesnikov,
• Alexey V. Ognev,
• Alexander S. Samardak and
• Ludmila A. Chebotkevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.70

• facilitate their practical implementation in real functional devices. For instance, magnetoresistive memory is used in aviation systems requiring the high reliability, nonvolatility and data write/read rate. Nanomagnets with stable and controllable spin configurations can be used to produce the magnetic

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• perturbation theory (MBPT) in the GW approximation including electron–electron interactions resulted in more accurate calculations. Without discussing the applicability and reliability of different computational techniques, a short overview of some predicted properties of carbon chains will be given in this

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• those parameters also affect the actual resolution of the LAO-AFM features and process reliability. The understanding of the conditions for LAO-AFM as well as of the resolution capabilities have been addressed from several viewpoints. Particularly, non-contact LAO-AFM has proven to yield a better

• -probes can be ordinarily used for dynamic mode imaging. Reliability of CNF-LAO-AFM In Figure 5 we demonstrate another aspect concerning the reliability of CNF probes for LAO-AFM. The images depict two arrays of relatively dense lines defined at two different voltages and at a writing speed of 4 μm/s

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• measurements can be made but also improve their reliability and comparability, because the adhesion of cells of the same type can vary considerably [37]. Therefore, the number of cells probed can be reduced. In addition, the masks decrease the coating area, reduce experimental material and improve experimental

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• around 70% of the injected dose present (Figure 7A). This is in good agreement with the results from Sun et al. [32] and supports the reliability of our label results. When CdSe/CdS/ZnS (core/shell/shell) quantum dots are degraded in vivo, the outer shell will be dissolved first and zinc will be released

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• impurities such as carbon monoxide in the hydrogen fuel, and much simplified thermal and water management of the system. Hence, there are good reasons to develop fuel cell systems that can operate above 120 °C. At this moment, however, no commercial HT-PEMFCs have been developed to meet the reliability and

The capillary adhesion technique: a versatile method for determining the liquid adhesion force and sample stiffness

• Daniel Gandyra,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Stanislav Gorb,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 11–18, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.2

• constant of (0.195 ± 0.002 ± 0.011) N/m. This is in agreement with the spring constant of 0.18 N/m given by the manufacturer, which confirms the reliability of our method. Conclusion To conclude, a versatile, novel technique was presented, which determines both the adhesion force of individual small

Gas sensing properties of nanocrystalline diamond at room temperature

• Marina Davydova,
• Pavel Kulha,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Karel Hruska,
• Pavel Demo and
• Alexander Kromka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2339–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.243

• reproducibility and device reliability. The Raman spectrum of the structures (Figure 6) is characterized by two strong contributions: the peak characteristic for diamond centered at 1330 cm−1 (D-peak) and the broad band at approximately 1590 cm−1 attributed to the non-diamond phase (G-peak or sp2-bonded carbon

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• , covalent grafting on H-terminated silicon through hydrosilylation reaction has the advantage to form robust and highly stable Si–C bonds. For this reason, a device based on silicon-grafted molecules possesses a much greater robustness and reliability compared to van der Waals films or Au-bonded layers

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• . This analysis considers areas of 2 × 2 µm2 shown in Figure 4, which contain approximately 2 × 103 grains on the surface. The statistical analysis was performed on different locations of the organic films, revealing similar results. This reinforces the reliability of the data and dismisses the

Patterning a hydrogen-bonded molecular monolayer with a hand-controlled scanning probe microscope

• Matthew F. B. Green,
• Taner Esat,
• Christian Wagner,
• Philipp Leinen,
• Alexander Grötsch,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1926–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.203

• through the tip–PTCDA–Ag(111) junction with the effects of de-population and de-hybridization of the LUMO of PTCDA, which occur upon the gradual breaking of the PTCDA–Ag(111) bonds [12][20][21]. Finally, to illustrate the reliability of the HCM, we present a structure “stencilled” into PTCDA/Ag(111) by

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Manfred Kluwig and
• Thomas Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1815–1822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.192

• reproducible. This is the consequence of a rigorous procedure, which primarily targets reliability: a representative, macroscopic amount of sample to start with, preparation that eliminates the possibility of overlapping particles, defined standard operating procedures for sample preparation, measurement and

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• intensity of individual nanoparticles, Particle_in_Cell-3D has a routine to perform these measurements. Main features The main advantages of this method are its speed, reliability and accuracy. The complete analysis of one cell is performed in a few minutes. Moreover, the results are consistent, that is to