Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• ; funding acquisition: CL and SNG; investigation: CL; methodology: CL, HR, and SNG; resources: SNG; supervision: HR and SNG; validation: CL; visualization: CL; writing – original draft preparation: CL and HR; writing – review and editing: CL, HR and SNG. Specimens. (a) The middle part of the hind tibia was

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• increasing attention due to their unique ductility. This review summarizes nanoelectromechanical switches made by flexible materials and classifies and discusses their applications in, among others, radio frequency systems, microfluidic systems, and electrostatic discharge protection. It is supposed to give

• researchers a more comprehensive understanding of the pull-in phenomenon and the development of its applications. Also, the review is meant to provide a reference for engineers to design and optimize devices. Keywords: electrostatics; MEMS; microfluidics; NEM switches; pull-in; Introduction It has become

• ), electrostatic discharge (ESD), microfluidic, physical unclonable function (PUF), and microscale energy devices are summarized in this review, which will help researchers to understand upcoming trends regarding the pull-in effect and help engineers to further optimize the devices. Review Mechanism of the pull-in

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• /nanoscale topographical cues, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanotubes. Keywords: biological cues; cartilage regeneration; micro/nanotopographical cues; nanotechnology; osteoarthritis; regenerative medicine; Review 1 Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread degenerative disease of

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• outside the external pole piece of the magnetron. In such a configuration, substrates were placed in the region where both electrons emitted from the target and the negative ions of oxygen were not present. Summarizing the review of literature resources, it can be pointed out that regardless of the type

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• and quantum decoherence in normal [9][10] and superconducting [11][12] metallic structures, see also the book [1] for an extensive review on this issue. The presence of Mooij–Schön plasma modes is an important feature inherent to long superconducting nanowires that leads to a number of interesting

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• review aims to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of TiO2-based nanotherapeutics and the corresponding future challenges. Keywords: clinical application; nanostructures; physicochemical; theranostics; titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Nanomaterials can be described as any organic

• shell for the selective and rapid capture of peptides from human serum and urine samples [17]. Many studies have been published on using TiO2 nanotubes as photoelectrochemical glucose sensors for health purposes [18][19][20]. The present review focuses on contemporary research of TiO2 nanoparticles and

• . The advancement of this novel inorganic nanomaterial in theranostic nanomedicine might lead to an era of technology that can be used in real-world clinical settings. Review Effect of physicochemical properties of TiO2 on biocompatibility Biocompatibility is considered as one of the most important

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• techniques of surface modification and additive incorporation have exhibited enhanced properties compared to traditional membranes and are even better than the as-prepared electrospun membranes. In this review, we have summarized recently developed electrospun nanohybrids fabricated by the incorporation of

• discussed. Finally, an outlook on the future research pathways to fill the gaps existing in water remediation have been suggested. Keywords: electrospinning; environmental remediation; membrane technologies; nanohybrids; water purification; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology is a technique that exploits

• electrospinning [17]. Similarly, a wide range of ENH membranes are being used to remove particles, heavy metals, other metal cations, organic chemicals, dyes, and microorganisms from water and will be discussed in detail in this review article. Water is one of the most critical natural resources and is non

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• received particular attention from the scientific community. The photocatalytic NOx oxidation will be an important contribution to mitigate climate change in the future. Existing review papers mainly focus on applying SnO2 materials for photocatalytic oxidation of pollutants in the water, while studies on

• review. Keywords: green products; nanomaterials; NO oxidation; photocatalysis; SnO2; Review Introduction A World Health Organization (WHO) report indicated that 4.2 million deaths every year occur due to exposure to ambient (outdoor) air pollution [1]. This number is much higher than the deaths from

• , surface engineering, heterojunction construction, co-catalyst, which will be thoroughly outlined in this review. Structure and bandgap SnO2 has a crystal structure similar to that of rutile TiO2 [41][42]. The unit cell parameters of rutile SnO2 are a = b = 0.47374 nm and c = 0.31864 nm [43]. In one unit

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• colloidal synthesis, the review contains chapters explaining the basics of (magnetron) sputter deposition and the formation of NPs in solution. This review article covers more than 132 papers published on this topic from 1996 to September 2021 and aims at providing a critical analysis of most of the

• plasmas and plasma–surface interactions. For this reason, we first briefly introduce the theoretical background of plasma-based sputtering and a short overview of the formation of metal NPs in liquid media. This critical review aims to describe the scientific state of the art of SoL and to eliminate the

• SoL is presented including monometallic and alloy NPs, oxide NPs, thin films, and nanocomposites and their promising optical, luminescence, and catalytic properties. Review 1 Theoretical background 1.1 Techniques available for the synthesis of NPs The mass production of NPs with controlled

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• Development, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Puyang 457001, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.91 Abstract The slip boundary condition for nanoflows is a key component of nanohydrodynamics theory, and can play a significant role in the design and fabrication of nanofluidic devices. In this review, focused on the

• other properties with a high resolution [43]. Finally, when the flow systems are under extreme conditions, such as at high shear rates, it has also been proven that numerical simulations are more efficient than experimental methods [45]. Therefore, in this review we mainly focus on the numerical

• investigations and theoretical analysis on slip boundary conditions for nanoscale liquid transport. This review is organized as follows. First, the concepts and categories of slip length are presented. Then, the effects of different interfacial properties on slip length are analyzed. Next, the potential

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• connectors that structurally bridge the gap between the nano- and the macroscopic worlds and have a hybrid structure of pores and repeating units. This article presents a comprehensive review on inorganic fabricated fractals (fab-fracs) synthesized in labs and employed as gas sensors across materials

• ) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], nanorods [17][18][19][20], nanosheets [21][22][23], nanobelts [24][25], and nano/micro-spheres/cubes/polyhedrons [26][27][28][29] with enhanced sensitivity as a gas sensor. A rich collection of research articles and review papers on distinct morphological nanostructured

• gas sensors exist [26][30][31]. Although there are numerous reviews on gas sensing [7][29][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], reviews on fabricated fractal (fab-frac)-based gas sensors have not been addressed to the best of our knowledge. In this review, diverse fractal structures used in gas sensing

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• acids. Most of the review articles about self-assembly focus on large molecules, such as peptides and proteins. The preparation of complicated materials by self-assembly of amino acids has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically summarize the literature of amino

• biomaterials; intermolecular interactions; self-assembly; Review Introduction Biomaterials play a crucial role in the treatment of diseases and health care and have been widely used in prostheses and drug delivery devices [1]. Clinical applications of biomaterials include the use of metals, ceramics, and

• advances in the field of amino acid self-assembly. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in amino acid self-assembly. These self-assembly methods mainly focus on single amino acid self-assembly, modified amino acid self-assembly, amino acid and metal ion coordination self-assembly, and amino

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• found in many review articles and book chapters [13][20][21][22][23][24]. The majority of the KPFM implementations are in the form of closed-loop systems, with the tip–sample CPD determined from the nullification [25] of either the electrostatic force as in AM-KPFM [1][26] or the gradient force as in FM

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• . This review surveys the diverse possibilities to combine various inorganic, organic, and carbon nanostructures along with plasmonic nanoparticles. Such combinations would allow an enhancement in the overall properties of LED. Keywords: carbon nanotubes (CNT); graphene; light-emitting diodes (LED

• ); plasmonic nanoparticles; quantum dots; Review Introduction Nanomaterials have engendered the miniaturization of devices, bringing about advances in a variety of fields, such as biomedicine, environmental technologies, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis [1][2]. In particular, light-emitting diodes (LED

• (CNT), and graphene (GR) towards producing cost-effective and efficient LED. A second strategy consisting of enhancing the optical and electrical properties of LED via SPR of MNP is also surveyed. The LED covered in this review include inorganic LED, OLED, inorganic/organic LED, and HyLED. The

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• information, the aim of the present work is to summarize the improvements regarding anticancer effects obtained when CUR is encapsulated using various nanosized systems. Review Curcumin in cancer therapy Figure 1 summarizes the effects of CUR on cancerous processes, according to information generated from

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• , materials, and fabrication of microneedles. Review The advantages of microneedles Drug and vaccine delivery Microneedle devices have potential advantages over traditional hypodermic needles for drug and vaccine delivery. Microneedles are less invasive, with dimensions designed to avoid stimulating nerves

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• favorable environmental and economic perspectives. However, scientific and technological problems are still hindering a commercial breakthrough of these batteries. This review discusses strategies to remedy some of the current drawbacks such as the polysulfide shuttle effect, catastrophic volume expansion

• overcome [10][19][20]. It is essential to solve these issues to achieve high efficiency devices that can be launched onto the market. In this review, we focus on the first three drawbacks and potential strategies, including advanced cathode materials, to overcome them. The polysulfide shuttle effect is a

• to the expansion of these batteries into wider consumer markets, for which hard carbon, Si, Sn and Sb alloys, as well as phosphorous compounds are currently investigated [25][26][27]. This review focuses on the most recent designs of cathode materials for RT Na–S batteries, which attempt to overcome

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications. Keywords: anisotropic nanoparticles; carrageenan; cytotoxicity; eutectic solvents; surfactants; Review Introduction Plasmonic metals such as gold and silver, upon achieving nanoscale dimensions, exhibit unusual physicochemical

• synthesized using DESs received less interest, which is evident through a stagnant number of reports over the last five years. However, twenty reports have been published on using DESs for nanomaterial synthesis. This review attempts to illuminate the works from the last decade that involved DESs and

• carrageenan in the synthesis of nanomaterials that are nontoxic. The review begins by discussing widely used wet chemical methods of synthesizing anisotropic plasmonic metal nanomaterials. We also give insight in growth mechanisms during the initiation of anisotropy in the presence of a surfactant. This

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• using that association to categorize, identify, and isolate subsets of the data. Scanning probe microscopy measures multimodal surface properties, combining morphology with electronic, mechanical, and other characteristics. In this review, we focus on a subset of deep learning algorithms, that is

• , convolutional neural networks, and how it is transforming the acquisition and analysis of scanning probe data. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); deep learning; machine learning; neural networks; scanning probe microscopy (SPM); Review Introduction: traditional machine learning vs deep learning Machine

• , regression (prediction of quantitative data values), translation (for instance of languages), anomaly detection, de-noising, clustering (grouping similar objects together), and data generation. In this review our major concern is with images, which are most relevant to certain aspects of machine learning as

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• , and sonoporation. These effects can result in the release of encapsulated drugs or genes at the site of interest as well as cell death and considerable image enhancement. The present review discusses US-responsive theranostic nanomaterials under the following categories: MBs, micelles, liposomes

• therapy; sonoporation; theranostics; ultrasound; ultrasound responsive nanomaterials; Review Introduction Smart drug delivery vehicles It is well known that the administration of most anticancer drugs can produce considerable systemic toxicity, which in some cases can be dose-limiting. Whether oral

• several review articles [3][7][10][11]. Endogenous or internal stimuli can be hard to control because of the heterogeneous disease environment. On the other hand, the use of exogenous or external stimuli may cause tissue damage and the depth of penetration may not be sufficient to trigger drug release

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• statutory grant (No. 8201003902) of Department of Quantum Technologies of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. Author Contributions R. Pietruszka: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing of the original draft, writing – review and editing, vsualization; B

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• different actuation methods for different micro/nanorobots will directly affect motion, so the research on actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots is very important and profound. This paper aims to review the research progress of micro/nanorobots from two aspects: external field actuation and self

• /nanorobots are explored. Review External field actuation Magnetic field actuation In recent years, the development of magnetic field-actuated micro/nanorobots has become increasingly mature. Back in 2005, Dreyfus et al. [17] created a micro/nanorobot actuated by a variant magnetic field. By applying a

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• used in MNRs will be discussed. Finally, conclusions and an outlook will be provided. Review Magnetic materials used in MNRs Different magnetic materials exhibit different magnetic properties to external magnetic fields. When analyzing MNPs [30] in medical nanorobots, Martel [26] mentioned that

• nanowires. In order to change the swimming direction, the direction of the rotation axis could be controlled by adjusting the pitch angle, and different control effects could be achieved. Table 3 shows several different shapes of magnetic drive structures. Conclusion This review summarizes the latest

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• attachment systems of different animal groups reveal similar mechanisms. Consequently, similar attachment organs evolved in a convergent manner and different attachment solutions can occur within closely related lineages. In this review, we present a summary of the literature on structural and functional

• influence of different factors, such as substrate roughness and pad stiffness, on contact forces, and review the chemical composition of pad fluids, which is an important component of an adhesive function. Attachment systems are omnipresent in animals. We show parallel evolution of attachment structures on

• might be potentially interesting for engineers as a kind of optimal solution by nature, the biomimetic implications of the discussed results are briefly presented. Keywords: adhesion; attachment devices; biomechanics; convergence; friction; substrate compliance; Review Animal attachment systems

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• -powered sensors in data-driven intelligent systems are proposed. Review Human physiological data collection based on self-powered sensors Self-powered wearable sensors and electronic skin Self-powered wearable sensors to collect human motion data can provide a data set for medical diagnosis and