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Search for "roughness" in Full Text gives 455 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

  • Giulia Lo Dico,
  • Bernd Wicklein,
  • Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
  • Giuseppe Lazzara,
  • Pilar Aranda and
  • Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

Graphical Abstract
  • power density was obtained as a surface power density (μW·cm−2) with the roughness factor (ECSA) calculated from the CV measurements, and as a volumetric power density (μW·mL−1) considering a specific volume (0.02 cm3), calculated from the specific density (1.9 g·mL−1 ) [29]. Schematic representation of
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Published 25 Jun 2019

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO2 adsorption properties and catalytic performance

  • Giulia Tuci,
  • Andree Iemhoff,
  • Housseinou Ba,
  • Lapo Luconi,
  • Andrea Rossin,
  • Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
  • Regina Palkovits,
  • Jens Artz,
  • Cuong Pham-Huu and
  • Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

Graphical Abstract
  • calculated via Micro-Active (version 1.01) using the density functional theory (DFT) N2 model for slit geometry at optimal goodness of fit vs regularization (0.01) values for both RMS error of fit and roughness of distribution. The cumulative pore volume at the pore width of 2 nm was used to determine the
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Published 12 Jun 2019

Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy

  • Alexander Krivcov,
  • Jasmin Ehrler,
  • Marc Fuhrmann,
  • Tanja Junkers and
  • Hildegard Möbius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.106

Graphical Abstract
  • roughness of dielectric films with increasing film thickness. Keywords: capacitive coupling; electrostatic effects; magnetic force microscopy; nanoparticles; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION); Introduction MFM has become an important tool for studying magnetic properties of surface
  • . The theoretical model described in this paper also predicts decreasing topographic effects in MFM signals due to surface roughness of dielectric films with increasing film thickness. Theory Capacitive coupling effects in MFM on nanoparticles In our previous work we proposed a theory of a capacitive
  • . Capacitive coupling effects in MFM on rough surfaces The considerations about capacitive coupling effects on nanoparticles can be generalized assuming rough surfaces depicted in Figure 4a. The distance changes between tip and substrate in the interleave mode due to the surface roughness (measured in the
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Published 17 May 2019

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO2 loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

  • Jun Maruyama,
  • Shohei Maruyama,
  • Tomoko Fukuhara,
  • Toru Nagaoka and
  • Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

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  • spectra. The large carbon surface oxidation current observed for TGP-CSnPc-650Air implied the development of high surface roughness. Redox reactions of vanadium ions The CVs in the potential ranges corresponding to the positive and negative electrode reactions in an acidic electrolyte containing vanadium
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Published 30 Apr 2019

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O2 battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

  • Kumar Virwani,
  • Younes Ansari,
  • Khanh Nguyen,
  • Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
  • Jangwoo Kim,
  • Maxwell J. Giammona,
  • Ho-Cheol Kim and
  • Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

Graphical Abstract
  • 1 ppm [42]. Glassy carbon was laser cut into 12 mm diameter discs. The surface of the glassy carbon was polished [43] to an average root-mean-square roughness of less than 10 nm. Upon polishing, the glassy carbon was cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and deionized water and further dried in a vacuum
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Published 24 Apr 2019

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

  • Yunlu Pan,
  • Wenting Kong,
  • Bharat Bhushan and
  • Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

Graphical Abstract
  • MERLIN Compact SEM, operated at a 20 kV acceleration voltage, Carl Zeiss Jena, Germany), and the surface roughness was measured with a laser confocal microscope (LCM, OLS5000, Olympus, Japan). The chemical modification and the end group changes on the surfaces was studied by Fourier transform infrared
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Published 15 Apr 2019

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

  • Xiangdong Ye,
  • Junwen Hou and
  • Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

Graphical Abstract
  • Figure 2a and Figure 2b, respectively. It is obvious that after spraying, the glass-slide surface became rough with a large number of particles that formed irregular micro- and nanoscale composite structures, which increased the roughness of the coating surface and changed the wettability of the coating
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Published 10 Apr 2019

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

  • Hrvoje Gebavi,
  • Vlatko Gašparić,
  • Dubravko Risović,
  • Nikola Baran,
  • Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
  • Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

Graphical Abstract
  • are predominantly the characteristic surface roughness and the chemical affinity. Generally, the hydrophilic substrate surface is desirable for hydrophilic molecules such as for example dextrose and albumin [41]. SERS sensing of 4-MPBA In order to determine the optimal Ag-sputtering time, we measured
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Published 15 Mar 2019

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

  • Miguel A. Andrés,
  • Clemence Sicard,
  • Christian Serre,
  • Olivier Roubeau and
  • Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

Graphical Abstract
  • position and cover MOF particles. Moreover, the presence of MOF particles significantly enhances the surface roughness and allows ultrathin, hydrophobic coverage to be obtained. Finally, it has been shown that the crystallinity and the porosity of the MOF remains almost unaltered in MOF/ODP films
  • structure of the pure ODP films seems to be preserved in mixed MOF/ODP films and, in addition, MOF sMPs can be also observed. The presence of MOF particles significantly increases the roughness of the film (pure ODP LB film RMS values are close to 6 nm, while mixed films present RMS values between 40 and 60
  • an almost vertical position, and MOF sMPs, covered by ODP molecules, distributed over the whole surface, providing an elevated roughness to the mixed films that significantly contributes to increase the value of the water contact angle. Moreover, the crystallinity of the MOF particles is preserved in
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Published 06 Mar 2019

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

  • Liji Sobhana,
  • Lokesh Kesavan,
  • Jan Gustafsson and
  • Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

Graphical Abstract
  • increase the surface roughness of the fibers and yield good adhesion properties. Bleached and unbleached fibers, refined and unrefined, were used as starting materials to synthesize direct composites (AA + fiber), hybrid fibers (LDH + fiber) and composite hybrid fibers (AA + LDH + fiber). We expect that
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Published 28 Feb 2019

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

  • Guochao Shi,
  • Mingli Wang,
  • Yanying Zhu,
  • Yuhong Wang,
  • Xiaoya Yan,
  • Xin Sun,
  • Haijun Xu and
  • Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

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  • successfully fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The thickness of the Ag nanofilms can be well controlled by adjusting the sputtering time. The Ag-G.b.-20 substrate with large-scale “hot spots” and an increased roughness shows the highest enhancement efficiency for CV molecules. The EF for Ag-G.b.-20 arrays is
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Published 28 Feb 2019

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

  • Marwa Mokni,
  • Gianluigi Maggioni,
  • Abdelkader Kahouli,
  • Sara M. Carturan,
  • Walter Raniero and
  • Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

Graphical Abstract
  • modifies the film density as well as the degree of crystallinity and the size of parylene C crystallites. Moreover, silver is incorporated in the parylene matrix as an oxide phase. The average size of the Ag oxide nanoparticles is lower than 20 nm and influences the roughness of the NCPC films. Samples
  • work [64]. The roughness of different NCPC samples was measured by AFM and displayed in Table 2. In the case of pure parylene films (samples K and O), the surface is relatively smooth and the roughness is around 10 nm. It has to be noted that the plasma-induced increase of the deposition rate does not
  • change the film roughness. When Ag is incorporated in the parylene matrix, the films become increasingly rough with increasing Ag amount, the roughness increasing from 20–25 nm for samples A, B and D to more than 50 nm for samples C, E and F. Even if it has been previously shown that an increase in
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Published 12 Feb 2019

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO2 nanorods

  • Julian Kalb,
  • Vanessa Knittel and
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

Graphical Abstract
  • contrast, local light scattering, high-resolution surface roughness gradients or microchannels. This set of extensions for rutile TiO2 nanorod applications is a valuable toolkit for lab-on-a-chip devices [33][34][35]. Recently, we investigated the influence of rutile seed layers on the growth and shape of
  • surface roughness of the anatase TiO2 film causes a dithering movement of the tip that broadens the line width. This effect disconnects the line width from the shape of the tip partly. The density of nanorods is controlled slightly with the number of repetitions. In Figure 4C, the density was increased
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Published 08 Feb 2019

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

  • Leva Momtazi,
  • Henrik H. Sønsteby and
  • Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

Graphical Abstract
  • for 15 minutes was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Figure 8). All as-deposited films exhibit high surface roughness; however, the roughness of the Ti-adenine film is caused by small islands appearing on an otherwise almost flat surface. After water treatment, the surface roughness decreases
  • drastically for all three systems and leaves an almost flat surface, except for the Ti-uracil system, where holes with a distinct pattern were observed. This system was also studied more closely with SEM after water treatment (Figure 9a). This SEM image also shows a low surface roughness; however, there is no
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Published 08 Feb 2019

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

  • Said Tighadouini,
  • Smaail Radi,
  • Abderrahman Elidrissi,
  • Khadija Haboubi,
  • Maryse Bacquet,
  • Stéphanie Degoutin,
  • Mustapha Zaghrioui and
  • Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

Graphical Abstract
  • volume to 0.62 ± 0.01 cm3·g−1 for SiNL. The increase of SBET to 339.84 ± 2.01 m2·g−1 for SiNL is presumably due to the increasing surface roughness, as noticed by SEM imaging (Figure 2), or due to the pore plugging of the support by the ligand. Solid–liquid adsorption of metal ions by SiNL Effect of pH
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Published 23 Jan 2019

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

  • Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
  • Lukasz Skowronski,
  • Marek Trzcinski,
  • Ewa Górecka,
  • Wojciech Pacuski and
  • Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

Graphical Abstract
  • deposited with a Ge interlayer – they cannot be observed at angles greater than 2° for silver films and 4° for gold films. This indicates a much higher surface roughness than for the Ge-wetted films. Metal layers deposited on Se exhibit an even worse adhesion – there is almost no change in the grain size
  • have segregated to the surface. The poor wetting (or even dewetting) of silver by Se and Te has one more attribute. The intensity of the modified Lorentz band [37] centered at 275–300 nm decreased while the intensity of the bands from 325 to 400 nm increased. The latter are connected to the roughness
  • of the layer (so the intensity would naturally increase with increased roughness) [26], but also to the interband transitions at the L-point in the Brillouin zone, while the former is connected to the interband transitions at the X-point in the Brillouin zone [38][39]. As the carriers at the X-point
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Published 21 Jan 2019

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

  • Xiaomei Zeng,
  • Vasiliy Pelenovich,
  • Zhenguo Wang,
  • Wenbin Zuo,
  • Sergey Belykh,
  • Alexander Tolstogouzov,
  • Dejun Fu and
  • Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

Graphical Abstract
  • target density. The energy dependence demonstrated an unusual non-monotonic behavior. At 17.3 keV a maximum of the sputtering yield was observed, which was more than forty times higher than that of the bulk Si. The surface roughness at low energy demonstrates a similar energy dependence with a maximum
  • surface, with energy in the range of 10.4–69 keV and dose of 7.2 × 1014–2.3 × 1016 cluster/cm2 at room temperature. The sputtering depth and surface roughness RRMS (root mean squared roughness) were monitored by AFM with a Shimadzu SPM-9500 J3 device, operated in tapping mode with a measuring area of 7
  • huge increase of the surface roughness after the bombardment, from an initial roughness RRMS = 6.7 nm up to a few hundreds of nanometers, which complicates the depth measurement by AFM. We explain the increase of the sputtering yield of the nanopowder sample, in comparison with the bulk Si, by the
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Published 10 Jan 2019

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

  • Rüdiger Berger,
  • Benjamin Grévin,
  • Philippe Leclère and
  • Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

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  • interfaces is therefore essential. Furthermore, these interface phenomena are strongly linked to material properties such as grain size, roughness, mechanical properties and work function. In an attempt to address the diversity of phenomena on the nanoscale, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) methods play an
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Published 10 Jan 2019

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

  • Peter van Assenbergh,
  • Marike Fokker,
  • Julian Langowski,
  • Jan van Esch,
  • Marleen Kamperman and
  • Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

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  • . The decreased Eeff of a fibrillar geometry also leads to decreased contact stiffness [11] and higher conformability to substrate roughness [12]. The abovementioned effects of fibrillary geometries can be further enhanced with altering the pillar geometry. For example, Gorb et al. fabricated
  • micropillars of 100 μm height and a stem diameter of 60 μm, terminated with a thin (2 μm) disc of 40 μm in diameter [11]. These so-called mushroom-shaped micropillars generated higher pull-off forces than flat-punch micropillars, a phenomenon attributed to a higher adaptability to substrate roughness due to
  • microstructure is not considerably lower than that of coarser microstructure [14]. Greiner et al. found that with increasing aspect ratio of micropattern features, their compliance increases, resulting in a better conformability to substrate roughness [20]. Hierarchical geometries, that is, architectures with
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Published 08 Jan 2019

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

  • Liesa Schnee,
  • Benjamin Sampalla,
  • Josef K. Müller and
  • Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

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  • attachment with respect to various surface properties was investigated by using a 2 × 3 experimental design. Traction force was measured for two different surface energies (hydrophilic vs hydrophobic) varying in roughness from smooth to micro-rough to rough. Nanotribometric tests on single legs were also
  • smooth and rough surfaces with clipped claws. Both species demonstrated poor traction forces on micro-rough surfaces. Results concerning the impact of surface polarity were inconclusive, whereas roughness more strongly affected the attachment performance in both species. Nanotribometric analyses of the
  • . nepalensis, have recently been proposed as a potential reason for these observed differences, especially on smooth surfaces [3]. Surface roughness is known to affect attachment performance in insects, spiders and geckos [9][10][11][12][13][14], whereby often so-called critical roughness values have been
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Published 04 Jan 2019

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

  • Florian Dumitrache,
  • Iuliana P. Morjan,
  • Elena Dutu,
  • Ion Morjan,
  • Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
  • Monica Scarisoreanu,
  • Alina Ilie,
  • Marius Dumitru,
  • Cristian Mihailescu,
  • Adriana Smarandache and
  • Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

Graphical Abstract
  • bandgap, grain size, oxygen deficiency, surface roughness, and impurity centers [21]. The direct bandgaps of the nanoparticles were determined from the Tauc relation [50][51][52] given by: where α is the absorption coefficient, A is a constant, hν is the photon energy, n is an index that can take
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Published 02 Jan 2019

Contact splitting in dry adhesion and friction: reducing the influence of roughness

  • Jae-Kang Kim and
  • Michael Varenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.1

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  • , stronger adhesion, and a more uniform stress distribution with higher tolerance to defects. However, while it is widely believed that contact splitting helps to mitigate the negative effects of roughness on adhesion- and friction-based attachment, no decisive experimental validation of this hypothesis has
  • been performed so far for thin-film-based adhesives. To this end, we report on the behavior of original and split, wall-shaped adhesive microstructures on different surfaces ranging across four orders of magnitude in roughness. Our results clearly demonstrate that the adhesion- and friction-driven
  • attachment of the wall-shaped microstructure degrades, regardless of the surface waviness, when the surface roughness increases. Second, splitting the wall-shaped microstructure indeed helps to mitigate the negative effect of the increasing surface unevenness by allowing the split microstructure to adapt
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Published 02 Jan 2019

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

  • Mariia Karpacheva,
  • Catherine E. Housecroft and
  • Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

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  • electrolyte. The constant phase element was employed in this study because of the surface roughness [51][52]. We chose to focus on understanding the observations involving the MBI additive, and EIS studies were conducted for electrolytes E2b, E2c and E2e. Measurements and curve fitting were made for duplicate
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Published 21 Dec 2018

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

  • Franziska Ringleb,
  • Stefan Andree,
  • Berit Heidmann,
  • Jörn Bonse,
  • Katharina Eylers,
  • Owen Ernst,
  • Torsten Boeck,
  • Martina Schmid and
  • Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

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  • indium accumulation occurs at the spot centers, which exhibit the highest roughness, indicates that the island growth is driven by the condensation of indium in the capillary-like structures. For the desired growth of flat and homogeneous indium islands, the data shows that a moderate roughening of the
  • , left column, top) with a depth of about 300 nm in the center and a roughness Ra of about 25 nm averaged over the whole area (Figure 6, left column, bottom). In general, the diameter of indium islands, the geometrical aspect ratio and the nucleation density of indium islands all depend on the deposition
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Published 12 Dec 2018

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

  • Claudio H. B. Silva,
  • Maria Iliut,
  • Christopher Muryn,
  • Christian Berger,
  • Zachary Coldrick,
  • Vera R. L. Constantino,
  • Marcia L. A. Temperini and
  • Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

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  • shown in Figure 2. AFM images of the rGO-25 sample show particles of well-defined edges and size ranging from 5 to 25 μm. The height profile (Figure 2, right column) shows thickness of ca. 1.0 nm and a surface roughness (RMS) of 0.24 nm for the rGO flake. These results clearly indicate the presence of
  • hand, this nanocomposite presents several creases and folds and, more interestingly, shows higher flake thickness and higher surface roughness (ca. 10 and ca. 4.0 nm, respectively). These results clearly indicate that the deposition of PANI on rGO flakes induces an increase of the surface heterogeneity
  • . Analogously, the AFM images of rGO/PANI/hexNb also indicate the presence of large flakes in the nanocomposite and, as shown by the 5 μm scan-size image (and corresponding height profile), the flake thickness and surface roughness are ca. 19 and ca. 7.2 nm, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the
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Published 26 Nov 2018
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