Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• chains penetrated into COP-100 and formed the new functionalities with carbonyl units, creating room between the polymeric backbones to be dissolved in liquid amines. The amine-induced solubility of COP-100 facilitated the formation of small nanoparticles or polymeric film layers to give COP-100-NP and

• liquids. During processing COP-100, the amount of EDA varied according to the molar ratio between the nitrogen content of COP-100 and the molecular weight of EDA. Interestingly, even a tiny amount of EDA can dissolve COP-100, showing significant solubility COP-100 in liquid amines. The amount of EDA

• granules torn apart through the interpenetration of EDA molecules into the polymeric chains. Consequently, as the EDA layers covered the COP-100 particles, a film could be generated with a clean surface. The amine-induced solubility was not restricted to only COP-100. COP-600 (Figure 5a), produced by the

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• longa that has been used in antitumor and anti-inflammation applications, exhibits very limited water solubility and rapid in vivo degradation, which limits its clinical application. To overcome these limitations, niosome nanoparticles were prepared by microfluidic mixing for curcumin encapsulation

• cancer such as prostate and cervical cancers [3]. However, the therapeutic application of curcumin is limited by its high hydrophobicity with poor water solubility, photosensitivity, chemical instability, and rapid metabolism rate [4][5]. Therefore, as a result, systemic bioavailability is much reduced

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• proposed in the treatment of breast, lung and liver cancers [21][22]. Notably, it has been demonstrated that CS induces RA deficiency [23]. Despite the enormous potential of TOC and RA, some drawbacks are associated to their topical use, such as photodegradation, poor water solubility and irritative skin

• (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) [26][27][28]. SLNs possess several advantages over conventional lipid formulations being able to carry drugs in a biocompatible solid nanometric matrix, thus achieving improvement of solubility, stability of the loaded active molecule and suitability of

• were loaded in NLCs, as reported in Table 3. Particularly, since TOC is practically insoluble in water (logP 8.84), it was directly added to caprylic/capric triglycerides (miglyol) in order to improve its solubility (reaching 16 mg/mL) before addition of solid lipids [47]. The doubling of the lipid

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• robust assemblies, whereas the construction of self-assembled materials from such molecules is generally difficult due to their complicated chemical synthesis and low solubility in solvents. Enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization-induced self-assembly has been shown to be promising for creating

• of their assemblies in terms of physicochemical stability and mechanical properties [19][20]. Plausible reasons are their complicated chemical synthesis [21] and low solubility in solvents [22][23], which prevent crystalline poly- and oligosaccharides from undergoing controlled self-assembly into

• building blocks has the potential to open new horizons in nanoarchitectonics. Oligomerization-induced self-assembly is a promising method for overcoming the above issues (i.e., the complicated chemical synthesis and the low solubility in solvents) with crystalline oligosaccharide nanoarchitectonics [21][27

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• . Based on a 10% (w/w) loading and the amorphous solubility of the active agent, for a 100 kg dermal formulation, about 500 g of loaded particles were required. This corresponds to production of 5 kg of loaded smartPearls for a formulation batch size of a ton. The production of 5 kg (i.e., about 25 L of

• solvent removal) can be industrially realized in a commercial 50 L rotary evaporator. Keywords: amorphous dispersion; bioavailability enhancement; dermal delivery system; rutin; smartPearls; solubility enhancement; Introduction Many interesting active agents in pharma and cosmetics are poorly soluble

• systems. A simple but very effective approach is to increase the saturation solubility of these active agents. This leads to an increased concentration gradient between the formulation and skin, Cs–Cskin, and thus to an increased diffusional flux into the skin. Moreover, using complexes with polymers or

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• wastewaters due to its high solubility properties [33], it is very crucial to find an effective method for the degradation and transformation of 4-NP. Generally, the reduction of 4-NP by heterogeneous catalysts in powdered form usually involves a tedious and time-consuming recovery process such as filtration

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• introduction of small amounts of ionic liquids (ILs), which are known as NP stabilizers, including on carbon supports [26], into Pt-based catalysts can further improve the ORR performance. This is likely due to the high O2 solubility in the IL phase [27]. It was also demonstrated that the choice of the carbon

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• selectivity and specificity of the grafted biological functional entity [22], which includes peptides [23][24]. Presentation of a functional peptide by means of a nanoparticle has a number of advantages. Thus, nanoparticle conjugation may enhance the solubility of the peptide, as well as enhance the

• increase their solubility and in some instances their biological half-life [37][38]. However, such modifications may alter the activity of the peptide and can have side effects due to cleavage products [39], and so whether this is a viable route for FluPep remains to be determined. Conjugation to

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• properties of AuNCs may be altered in the presence of excess thiol ligand; hence, it is necessary to develop a convenient, efficient, and stringent method for the purification of crude monolayer-protected NCs samples. The purification of AuNCs is a very challenging task due to the similar solubility of water

• the solution, the solubility of AuNCs in the mixed solvent was lowered due to the low dielectric constant of acetone, resulting in the precipitation of relatively large-sized clusters. The deposit could then be separated from the solution by centrifugation. Four fractions (F36%, F54%, F72%, and F90

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• ion solubility and diffusivity in the electrolyte, resulting in at least a part of the reaction occurring in the electrolyte, as suggested by previous studies [12][39][40]. Similarly, during recharge the deposits abruptly disappear from the surface at less than 50% SOC, likely remaining suspended (or

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• be proven by the reduction of crystal size from 65 to 11.7 nm (Figure 1 and Figure 4). This is consistent with the findings reported by Wu and co-workers [20]. As the solubility of liquid paraffin or capping ligands in water is very low, further dissolution of CsPbBr3 PNCs is inhibited, which is

• similar to the effect demonstrated by Wu’s group who took advantage of the very low (only 9.5 mg/L) solubility of hexane in water [20]. The above result indicates that the CsPbBr3 PNCs have a higher stability than Cs4PbBr6 PNCs against water. Conclusion In summary, we demonstrate the effect of small

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• MOF properties. In this study, molecular surfactants were used because of solubility issues of charged surfactants in chloroform. Mixtures MOF/behenic acid (BA) have been already used with success for MIL-101(Cr) [21]. In this work, MOF suspensions with BA surfactant concentrations in the range 1–10

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• preparation method was slightly modified due to solubility difference between AA and SA. Also, in our earlier work, stearic acid treatment on HF was carried out for 24 h, whereas this work needs only 15 min to modify the surface of HF. Thus, the time spent on material development was drastically reduced. In

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• quantum yield of the fluorophore are, the stronger is the sensitivity to the presence of oxygen quenching [13]. The solubility of oxygen in organic solvents is also an important factor in the quenching process of a florescent molecule. The solubility of oxygen in organic solvents decreases with increasing

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• , Figure S12). The water solubility of PVA has, however, pros and cons: Due to its ease of printability and water solubility, PVA is the most used supporting material. On the other hand, the water solubility of PVA is a problem when a strong resistant material is needed. For example one could not use the

• were added to the dichroic solution at 50 °C to reach a final concentration of 0.1% (w/w) of AuHCl4 in PVA (8.5 g PVA per 100 mL of 0.25 mM HAuCl4 solution), taking in account that the maximum solubility of PVA in water is ≈20% (w/w). A temperature below 50 °C produces less foam while gently stirring

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• solubility of graphene in NMP, which tends to promote the delamination of the graphene layer from the substrate. Since procedure P1 is quite destructive, its yield of high-quality GFETs was 10% in a total of 60 devices. In order to improve the efficiency of device production, we removed the photoresist and

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• mixture at pH 4.5 and short-range ordered worm-like/lamellar mixture vs purely lamellar at pH 6.5): the different silica condensation rates, the different quantities of ethanol released upon TEOS hydrolysis and their influence on the polymer solubility, and the amounts of water contained in both the

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• in the application of novel NPs in medicine and biology. Adverse effect of NOAA on living organisms may be influenced by many factors such as size, shape, solubility, exposure time, surface charge, surface area, crystallinity, agglomeration or chemical composition [7][8][9]. Since the properties of

• higher solubility in water. The pH values of GoHAP600s, F202, and GoHAP300s in water were slightly lower than neutral (6.78, 6.93, 6.98, respectively). For F201, GoHAP375C, HApSA, and GoHAP90s the values were slightly higher than neutral (7.06, 7.16, 7.18, 7.19, respectively). CaHAP300, CaHFAP300, and

• content of the carbonate groups), lower density and higher solubility of CaHAP300 and CaHFAP300. Chemical compounds with additional phases exhibited a low degree of crystallinity and phase purity. Their diffraction patterns were visibly different from the others. The HApSA+Si diffraction pattern shows a

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• , reversible expansion. This distinguishes palladium from other metals in the same group of the periodic table, such as platinum or nickel, which are only capable of adsorbing hydrogen mainly on their surfaces. In the literature, a solubility of hydrogen in palladium up to concentrations of about 0.7 (H/Pd

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• resist for He+ ion beam exposure with high overall carbon content and good solubility is now available from IM Ltd. The structural class of the IM fullerene derivative is indicated in Figure 4 [40]. The carbon content of the material is ca. 95 wt %; the Ohnishi parameter is ca. 1.26, and the ring

• ][136][137]. Because of this, the proximity effect observed in EBL, which is caused by the generation and spread of the secondary electrons and by backscattering, is almost absent in SPL [138][139]. As in EBL, the electron exposure of the resist enhances or decreases the solubility of resist molecules

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• as biosensors: the water solubility and the cleanliness of employed CNTs in order to avoid misinterpreted results. The solubility of CNTs in water, a usual solvent for biosensors, is quite low. The strategies used to increase their water solubility have been either i) to chemically modify them by

• to increase the water solubility of f-SWCNTs and ii) the influence of metallic and/or carbonaceous impurities that may be present in the CNT sample. In this article, by using advanced and complementary analytical techniques, we fully confirm the covalent nature of the chemical grafting. In particular

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• addition to dewetting, also directional solidification of eutectics [3][5][19][20][21]. In the gold–silicon system, an Au-rich eutectic melts at a temperature of 363 °C. At this temperature, because the solubility of Au in Si is negligible, the Au–Si eutectic melt does not wet the Si surface [3]. The value

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• model. Due to the presence of silanols in the calcined MSNs, the aqueous solubility becomes significantly reduced [11], which restricts the clinical application of MSNs. Calcium phosphate falls into the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) category as outlined by the United States Food and Drug

• bioavailability, increased chemical stability, stimuli-responsive behaviour, pH-dependent properties, surface engineering characteristics, low or no antigenicity [16] and aqueous solubility of calcium phosphate nanoparticles greatly enhances the therapeutic efficacy. The exploitation of calcium phosphate

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• poor solubility in acidic solution and hence, limits its practical application as a flocculant in these conditions [136]. Therefore, chemical pretreatments such as carboxymethylation [79], periodate-chlorite oxidation [79][131], aminoguanidine-reacted wood celluloses [131], 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• of conducting holes [1][3]. To reach high values of the Curie temperature, Tc, materials with high Mn concentration are required, which can be achieved by using non-equilibrium growth methods, such as low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. Thus, the solubility limit of Mn in Ga1−xMnxAs can be