Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• and Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Table S1 summarizes the values of dBS and parameter a for all samples. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) provides valuable information about the nature of the layered hydroxide structure and the intercalated

• identity of the impurity observed in sample x25M, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted (Figure 1C). In the case of reference x1, the observed main peaks at 781.23 eV (Co 23/2) and 797.36 eV (Co 21/2), as well as their satellites at 783.13 and 798.83 eV, confirm the occurrence of CoII [15

• ][49]. The XPS spectra of the samples x20V and x25M are indistinguishable from that of reference x1, suggesting the lack of CoIII in the impurity of sample x25M. Supporting Information File 1, Table S2 compiles further information related to the XPS signals. Finally, UV–vis spectroscopy has

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• efficacy is an important factor to improve therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are actively working on quantification methods that are specific, rapid, sensitive, simple, and easy to use. The Lowry assay, UV spectroscopy, Bradford assay, and bicinchoninic acid assay are widely used and accepted methods to

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• , arrowheads). The ferrous nature of the observed structures was assessed by chemical element mapping analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (Figure 2C), confirming that the electron-lucent structures contain iron atoms (Figure 2D). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm the

• 20 kV equipped with an OXFORD X-MaxN 20 mm2 detector (Oxford Instruments, United Kingdom) for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. For transmission electron microscopy, after fixation, samples were dehydrated in increasing acetone concentrations and embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were obtained

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• dissolution of gold. We present scanning electron micrographs and elemental imaging analyses by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the effect of solutions of each species on the gold film. This work highlights the risk of unwanted etching during some routes to NHC-based surface functionalization

• attachment of NHCs to gold and the properties of the corresponding monolayers have been studied using conventional surface science techniques under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions [13][14]. NHC monolayers have also been used in applications such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and surface plasmon

• % nitrogen gas. Electron micrographs were recorded using the SE2 detector of a Zeiss SIGMA VP field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra were obtained for each sample using an Oxford Instruments X-max 50 mm2 EDS attachment. Peaks were identified

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• observed by transmission electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses of the nanoparticles indicated that BNZ might be dispersed in the nanoparticle matrix in an amorphous state. The

• 410 °C, and BNZ degradation occurred in the 190–300 °C range. Considering these processes, nanoparticle thermal behavior might be attributed first to lipid degradation, and second to poloxamer weight loss. The attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) technique was

• Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra were obtained. The attenuated total reflection mode was used to record the spectra over the range of 400–4000 cm−1 at a resolution of 2 cm−1. Transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy images

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• detection of harmful chemicals in the environment and for food safety is a crucial requirement. While traditional techniques such as GC–MS and HPLC provide high sensitivity, they are expensive, time-consuming, and require skilled labor. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical

• the potential to be a valuable analytical tool for monitoring environmental contaminants. Keywords: 3D printing; microfluidic droplet; SERS substrate; silver nanoparticle; smartphone detection; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful optical trace detection

• spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out, as illustrated in Figure S11 (Supporting Information File 1). The EDS mapping results indicate the uniformly distributed signal of the silicon wafer, while oxygen and silver are discontinuously distributed because of the space between PS and Ag NPs on the PS@Ag substrate

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• ; however, after twelve weeks, an increase in the electron energy loss spectroscopy M5 peak, corresponding to an increase in the Ce3+ valence state, is apparent. DLS analysis DLS results of the 20 chemicals studied under the two conditions are shown in Table 1. Numerical values of these results are given in

• produced drastically different TEM images, as expected from the DLS results. The number of nanoceria particles exposed to citric acid was reduced between weeks 0 and 1. By week 2, most of the particles completely disappeared with no evidence of cerium determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• composites were determined using FTIR spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 1b. The FTIR spectra of pure Ge consist of two broad bands in the wavenumber ranges of 500–600 and 800–1000 cm−1. The former band corresponds to the bending modes, and the latter band is attributed to the stretching modes of Ge–O–Ge bonds

• . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out at the open-circuit voltage of the assembled cells after 6 h of resting on a Biologic VSP3 potentiostat. A sinusoidal signal with an amplitude of 10.0 mV and a frequency varying exponentially from 10 mHz to 100 kHz was used. (a) XRD patterns, (b) FTIR

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• morphology of the MWCNTs similar to that of MWCNTs obtained from CVD. Raman spectroscopy showed constant IG/ID ratios after all runs, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed almost equal CNT oxidation temperatures, indicating similar purity. The constant crystallinity determined from the ID/IG

• by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Zeiss Crossbeam 340) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for morphology and elemental analysis. Raman spectroscopy (HORIBA XploRA PLUS, 532 nm) was done to analyze the signature spectra of the grown CNTs. Line-of-sight images of

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• hydrothermal process with glucose as a precursor undergoing carbonization. Different spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze the optical characteristics of GQDs, including UV–visible, photoluminescence, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray

• , the sensor’s oxidation–reduction behavior was investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to study the electrochemical properties of the modified the GQDs/GCE working electrode, which showed excellent charge transfer properties. We measured malathion in varying concentrations

• spectroscopy; electrochemical sensor; graphene quantum dots; malathion; Introduction Global population growth makes food production more challenging, and pesticides are therefore used in agriculture in greater quantities than in the past to maintain and increase crop yields [1][2]. Pesticides containing

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• , Riga, Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.14.54 Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied for studying copper oxide (CuO) nanowire networks assembled between metallic microelectrodes by dielectrophoresis. The influence of relative humidity (RH) on electrical characteristics of the CuO nanowire

• ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; humidity; nanowire; sensor; Introduction Semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterials have demonstrated a great potential for integration in a variety of devices, such as gas and humidity sensors, nanoelectronics, and low-power thermoelectrical generators [1][2][3][4][5][6

• compositions aligned by DEP [25]. In some of these works, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used as an effective tool to study the effects of chemical and physical absorption of water on the nanostructured surfaces of active CuO elements of the systems [23][24]. To the best of our knowledge, the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and capillary electrophoresis are common analytical techniques used to qualitatively or quantitatively determine pharmaceuticals in various matrices because they are sensitive (Figure 2), have a significant tolerable limit of

• ). Biorecognition elements and signal transducers (chemiluminescence, interferometry, surface plasmon resonance, luminescence, colourimetry, or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy), are the key components of an optical sensor. Analyte concentration, existence, and other relevant physical attributes are determined

• identification of these emerging contaminants, such as chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, have also attracted a lot of interest [7]. Electrochemical biosensors are created by functionalizing the nanomaterial on the working electrode with biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, enzymes

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• pyrolysis from TiCl4 vapor in air in the presence of ethylene as sensitizer at different working pressures (250–850 mbar) with and without further calcination at 450 °C. The obtained powders were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and

• described as: The raw TiO2 powders contain some carbon (from the decomposition of the ethylene sensitizer) and chlorine impurities, whose amount it is greatly diminished by calcination in air at 450 °C for 5 h. To certify this, a composition investigation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has

• correlation between specific surface area and particle/crystallite size is most obvious when comparing the TO-850-a sample with those synthesized at lower pressures. When the average particle size increases, the surface area diminishes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed, and the

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering (MS) and their evaluation as potential substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are reported. Ag layers of comparable thicknesses were deposited using PLD and MS on nanostructured GaN platforms. All fabricated SERS

• substrates were examined regarding their optical properties using UV–vis spectroscopy and regarding their morphology using scanning electron microscopy. SERS properties of the fabricated GaN/Ag substrates were evaluated by measuring SERS spectra of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid molecules adsorbed on them. For all

• : GaN/Ag; magnetron sputtering; nanofabrication; pulsed laser deposition; SERS substrates; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and specific technique with multiplexing capabilities [1][2][3][4]. It is considered for

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• rapid test, identification, and monitoring of liquid samples in various fields such as fuel adulteration, water quality, solvents, and beverages [6][7][8][9]. Usually, the testing of liquids requires conventional analytical techniques such as absorption/emission spectroscopy (AAS/AES), X-ray

• fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These techniques are complex, expensive, and require experts to carry them out. Also, they often require several pretreatment steps with high-cost materials [10][11]. Electronic tongues are a category of liquid sensors that

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• spectroscopy (EDS) detector. In certain studies, samples were cut after immersing the beads, films, or foams in liquid N2 to obtain clean cuts and then sputtered with a thin layer of Au using a Leica EM ACE200 sputterer to assure good conductivity. Using a Zeiss LSM 800 microscope, transmitted-light images in

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• .14.42 Abstract Raman spectroscopy is one of the most common methods to characterize graphene-related 2D materials, providing information on a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Because of typical sample inhomogeneity, Raman spectra are acquired from several locations across a sample, and

• , although quantification of the amount remains approximate. We therefore recommend this approach as a robust methodology for reliable characterization of mass-produced graphene-related 2D materials using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Keywords: few-layer graphene; graphene; metrology; quality control; Raman

• spectroscopy; Introduction Graphene and related 2D materials (GR2Ms) are now well established with commercial products available across a range of sectors, from sports and leisure products [1][2], through mobile phones [3] to automotive applications [4]. There are also a large number of producers of these

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• ]. The recombination of chemical bonds caused by changes in molecular structures can induce significant differences in MIR spectra. Thus, slight differences in the structure of compounds or molecules (such as isomers) can be distinguished by mid-infrared spectroscopy [3]. Therefore, this spectral region

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• structure. The pigments are obtained via the addition of coloring ions to boehmite from recycled metallic aluminium. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the crystallographic phase. Additionally, the oxidation state 3+ responsible for the greenish (chromium) and reddish (iron

• from 57.3% (alumina) to 63.9% (sample 2) (Table 1). The crystallinity of the synthesized oxides is superior to the ones obtained via coprecipitation [1]. Raman spectroscopy The Raman spectrum observed for sample 1 (Figure 2a) is characteristic of chromium oxide (Cr2O3), in agreement with what was

• characteristic of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles [21]. The same morphology was observed for concentrations of 5 and 20 wt % of coloring ions (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The elemental composition of the samples evaluated by the analysis of XPS spectra is shown in

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• . Foster, Kawai, and co-workers have investigated the zero-bias peak at the center of an armchair-type graphene nanoribbon on a AuSix/Au(111) surface using a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations [116]. The zero-bias peak at the

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• probably inhibited the electrodeposition process of NiFe and CoNiFe on its surface. This may be the reason for the slower stabilization of the synthesis current density observed in the chronoamperograms (Figure 1a). X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

• the improvement in the OER of NiFe-GO with the higher Qdep of NiFe and GO resulted mainly from the NiFe structure and the electroactive surface area and the porosity of GO. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed in order to determine the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the

• ). Characterizations The morphology and structure of the catalysts were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (FEI QUANTA FEG 250) with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) sensor. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was performed at the 04BM beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS [41

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• through pump–probe laser spectroscopy [83]. From the slope of this transient reflectivity curve, the coupling constant is arrived at, from which the lattice temperature is calculated through the two-temperature model by means of two coupled diffusion equations, where Te and Tl are, respectively, the

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• characterization of quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs), and their antibacterial and anticancer activities. The formation of Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs has been confirmed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform

• infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band has been found at 417 and 424 nm for Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs, respectively. The formation of a chitosan shell comprising quercetin and caffeic acid, which surround the

• potential measurements were carried out using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano–Z instrument at 25 ± 0.1 °C. The data was taken as the average of three independent measurements of 10 runs. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements were carried out using Perkin Elmer Avio 220 Max

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• , in the case of large molecules (such as plasmids) in smaller particles, significant deviations from this trend can be observed. To better understand the per-particle variations in payload, high-resolution microscopy, such as total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy, near-field scanning

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26