Sublattice asymmetry of impurity doping in graphene: A review

• James A. Lawlor and
• Mauro S. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1210–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.133

• Introduction With its excellent transport properties and low dimensionality, graphene, an atomically thin layer of Carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal lattice, initially seems a strong candidate for use in many future commercial applications such as ultra high-speed transistors, integrated circuits and

• graphene has only come about relatively recently which we detail in the following section. A brief history of nitrogen doped graphene Exploiting the effects of nitrogen dopants on the transport properties of graphene has been an interesting experimental research topic for the last 5 years [22], whereby the

• sublattice asymmetry of N-graphene The main focus of the work by Zhao et al. was the observation and characterization of nitrogen dopants via scanning tunnel spectroscopy (STS), followed by a short investigation on the transport properties of the resulting graphene. Their experimental observation of same

Optical modeling-assisted characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO₂ nanotube arrays as photoanodes

• Jung-Ho Yun,
• Il Ku Kim,
• Yun Hau Ng,
• Lianzhou Wang and
• Rose Amal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.102

• performances and electron transport properties of the fabricated DSSCs with different thickness of the TNT photoanodes are investigated. The simplified standard structures under the experimental condition are simulated by using a generalized transfer matrix method (GTMM) [15][16]. The comparison of the

• modeling contributes to a deeper understanding of the improved light harvesting and charge transport properties observed in the solar cell devices using 1D-TNT photoanodes. Experimental Fabrication of TNT-based DSSCs Under the anodization conditions of 60 V with ethylene glycol containing 0.5 wt % NaF and

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• ) sheet of sp2-hybrized carbon, has received tremendous research interests based on its extraordinary electronic, thermal, optical and excellent electron transport properties [21][22]. Graphene can be easily obtained by reducing graphene oxide (GO), which is a cheap and scalable preparation method [23][24

Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications

• Hua Bing Tao,
• Hong Bin Yang,
• Jiazang Chen,
• Jianwei Miao and
• Bin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 770–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.89

• other counterparts including CN, CNS and physically mixed CN and CNS over the entire potential profile. It is worth noting that the dark current densities of the photoelectrodes follow the order of CN/CNS heterostructure > CNS > CN, indicating the best charge transport properties of CN/CNS

Resonance of graphene nanoribbons doped with nitrogen and boron: a molecular dynamics study

• Ye Wei,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Kang Xia,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 717–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.84

• the electronic and quantum transport properties of graphene. Such doped graphene is envisioned with exciting applications as high-performance FET devices [8], and metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction fuel cells [9]. In addition to doping, various graphene derivatives have also been

Analytical development and optimization of a graphene–solution interface capacitance model

• Hediyeh Karimi,
• Rasoul Rahmani,
• Reza Mashayekhi,
• Leyla Ranjbari,
• Amir H. Shirdel,
• Niloofar Haghighian,
• Parisa Movahedi,
• Moein Hadiyan and
• Razali Ismail

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 603–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.71

• -based EGFETs device performance. Conclusion Graphene as a 2D sheet of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms exhibits amazing carrier transport properties and a high sensitivity at the single-molecule level, which makes it a promising material for nanoscale devices. According to the graphene structure, it

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• with increasing Sr content. All the experimental data are in good agreement with those reported previously for La2−xSrxNiO4 epitaxial thin films grown by PLD [24]. Further analyses of films crystal structure, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and transport properties

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• recombination probability of photo-excited carriers is decreased. A change in the covalent contribution to the chemical bond of one material means modified transport properties, and different PEC efficiency [28]. The stronger Ti 4s/O 2p hybridization observed in TiO2 thin films causes a larger bandwidth of

Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures

• Francesc Salvat-Pujol,
• Harald O. Jeschke and
• Roser Valentí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.89

• positive charge in the material and to new particles, thus leading to a “shower” of particles. If an electron crosses a boundary into an adjacent material, its trajectory history is stopped at the other side of the interface and restarted with the new material transport properties. This can be done any

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• as demonstrated by Rutherford backscattering experiments. The relatively low deposition temperature necessary for conserving the composition leads, however, to ‘X-ray amorphous’ film structures with immediate consequences on their transport properties: A practically temperature-independent electrical

• clear that all films are highly disordered with respect to their structure. This immediately poses the question as to how such strong disorder affects electrical transport properties like resistivity, ρ, and Seebeck coefficient, S. For amorphous metals, often addressed also as metallic glasses, this

• only at relatively low deposition temperatures. As a consequence, films of all the above compositions were found to be X-ray amorphous with no indications for the presence of crystallites larger than 5 nm. These new metallic glasses displayed transport properties quite distinct from their crystalline

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Re₃As_6.6In_0.4 with Ir₃Ge₇ crystal structure

• Valeriy Y. Verchenko,
• Anton S. Vasiliev,
• Alexander A. Tsirlin,
• Vladimir A. Kulbachinskii,
• Vladimir G. Kytin and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 446–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.52

• per formula unit. As mentioned above, this electron concentration should yield the semiconducting behavior for compounds with the Ir3Ge7 structure type. Thus, the indium substitution for arsenic in Re3As7 could be used as a chemical modification to control transport properties of this system. The

Micro- and nanoscale electrical characterization of large-area graphene transferred to functional substrates

• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Patrick Fiorenza,
• Raffaella Lo Nigro,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Guido G. Condorelli,
• Nicolò Piluso,
• Noemi Spartà,
• Stella Lo Verso,
• Corrado Accardi,
• Cristina Tringali,
• Sebastiano Ravesi and
• Filippo Giannazzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 234–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.24

• -area membranes can be favoured on substrates with a similar hydrophobic character. Resist and, more generally, polymeric residues adsorbed onto graphene are known to severely degrade graphene transport properties [19]. However, a complete cleaning of the transferred graphene from those residues is

• graphene on SiO2 [22]. Both cracks and corrugations contribute to the degradation of the electronic transport properties in graphene [23]. Graphene transfer onto PEN In contrast to the case of virgin SiO2, which is naturally hydrophilic and requires proper treatments to be converted into a hydrophobic

• between the two materials. Results and Discussion Microscale electrical characterization The electronic transport properties of the large-area graphene transferred onto the two different substrates have been characterized on the macroscopic scale by electrical measurements on transmission line model (TLM

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• and the transport properties. Let us focus now on the electrical properties. Kim et al. [98] carried out mild oxygen plasma treatment on SWCNTs aligned between two electrodes. They found that the structural defect density on the sample surface increased linearly with the plasma treatment time. In

Electronic and transport properties of kinked graphene

• Jesper Toft Rasmussen,
• Tue Gunst,
• Peter Bøggild,
• Antti-Pekka Jauho and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.12

• linear bends in graphene. We find a significant barrier lowering (≈15%) for realistic radii of curvature (≈20 Å) and that adsorption along the linear bend leads to a stable linear kink. We compute the electronic transport properties of individual and multiple kink lines, and demonstrate how these act as

• nanoribbons; graphene nanostructuring; Introduction Nanostructures based on graphene have an enormous potential for applications. Especially in future electronic devices compatible with and extending silicon technology, due to the outstanding electronic transport properties of graphene [1]. However, it is

• by hydrogenation. In this paper we consider the reactivity of linear bends in a graphene sheet, and the electronic transport properties of kinks resulting from the hydrogenation of bends. Our starting point is the generic graphene structure shown in Figure 1a, which is inspired by the experimental

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• defects such as twinning or slips are expected to influence the electrical and thermal transport properties, as well as the mechanical stability of nanowires. 2.2 Gold nanowires Numerous theoretical predictions and experiments have demonstrated that Au nanoparticles and nanowires are promising elements

• investigations of the electrical transport properties of metal and semiconductor nanowires are necessary in order to better understand classical size effects such as electron scattering at surfaces and grain boundaries. These effects lead to an increase of the specific resistivity of the wire under study

Current–voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution

• Bernd M. Briechle,
• Youngsang Kim,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Artur Erbe,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Ulrich Groth and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 798–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.89

• current–voltage characteristics of these junctions are measured in a mechanically controlled break-junction system at room temperature and in liquid environment. We compare the transport properties of a series of molecules, labeled TSC, MN, and 4Py, with the same switching core but varying side-arms and

• end-groups designed for providing the mechanical and electrical contact to the gold electrodes. We perform a detailed analysis of the transport properties of TSC in its open and closed states. We find rather broad distributions of conductance values in both states. The analysis, based on the

• interest are optically addressable molecules, the transport properties of which can repeatedly and reversibly be changed by irradiation with light pulses. An example of these photochromic molecules is given by the class of diarylethenes. They consist of a core containing an aromatic ring that can be

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• metals are reviewed next with a focus on recent theoretical advancements in the field. As a case study the transport properties of Pt–C nanogranular FEBID structures are discussed. It is shown that by means of a post-growth electron-irradiation treatment the electronic intergrain-coupling strength can be

• continuously tuned over a wide range. This provides unique access to the transport properties of this material close to the insulator-to-metal transition. In the last part of the review, recent developments in mechanical strain-sensing and the detection of small, inhomogeneous magnetic fields by employing

• dissociation. As a matter of fact, post-growth irradiation can be advantageously used for fine-tuning the electronic transport properties of FEBID structures, and this will be discussed in the context of nanogranular structures later in this review. In any case, the energy spectrum of the electrons that can

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• transport properties of a C60-molecular junction in a setup relevant for STM experiments. Our results demonstrate how the FM and AFM configurations can be identified due to their markedly different conductance and shot noise. Thus, it may allow for the study of the magnetic coupling between tip and

P-wave Cooper pair splitting

• Henning Soller and
• Andreas Komnik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 493–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.56

• parameters as far as spin-active scattering is concerned, namely γF1,1 = γF2,1, γF1,2 = γF2,2. In this case we define operators which allow us to rewrite the tunneling Hamiltonians in Equation 6 and Equation 7 as This minimal model still reveals all of the transport properties that we wish to discuss here

X-ray absorption spectroscopy by full-field X-ray microscopy of a thin graphite flake: Imaging and electronic structure via the carbon K-edge

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Adam P. Hitchock,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo,
• Chris P. Ewels and
• Peter Guttmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 345–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.39

• presence of topological defects. Doping by metal impurities that were present in the original exfoliated graphite is indicated by the presence of a pre-edge signal at 284.2 eV. Keywords: carbon; graphene; nanostructure; NEXAFS; X-ray microscopy; Introduction The demonstration of the remarkable transport

• properties of graphene in 2004 by Geim and Novoselov triggered intense interest in its electronic structure [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A key aspect of the electronic structure, namely understanding how the graphene band structure is altered by impurity doping introduced during the synthesis

Molecular-resolution imaging of pentacene on KCl(001)

• Julia L. Neff,
• Jan Götzen,
• Enhui Li,
• Michael Marz and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 186–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.20

• causes a pronounced anisotropy of the electronic transport properties. Therefore, the electronic properties of pentacene are closely related to its structural order, and a precise control of the molecular packing and the crystalline orientation of thin films is of vital interest for the optimization of

X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length

• Hicham Hamoudi,
• Ping Kao,
• Alexei Nefedov,
• David L. Allara and
• Michael Zharnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 12–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.2

• functional molecular unit, which in the simplest case is represented by a conducting oligomeric molecular chain, often termed a “molecular wire”. The charge transport properties of this chain are an essential factor affecting the performance of the entire molecular device. In this context, transport

• properties of several potential molecular wires, including alkyl, oligophenyl, and oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) chains have been studied by a variety of different techniques including, for example, conducting-probe mercury drops [3][4][5], break junctions [6][7][8][9][10][11], scanning-microscopy tips

When “small” terms matter: Coupled interference features in the transport properties of cross-conjugated molecules

• Gemma C. Solomon,
• Justin P. Bergfield,
• Charles A. Stafford and
• Mark A. Ratner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 862–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.95

• significant qualitative changes in the transport properties. In particular, we show that coupling of multiple interference features in cross-conjugated molecules by through-space coupling will lead to splitting of the features, as can correlation effects. The degeneracy of multiple interference features in

• electronics; quantum interference; thermoelectrics; topology; Introduction Destructive interference effects, such as nodes in the transmission function, are a signature of coherence and offer a possible avenue for tuning the transport properties of single-molecule junctions. While not present in all systems

• realizing useful molecular devices. Previous work on supernodes focused on cyclic systems [16], but the transport properties of both cyclic [17][18] and acyclic [19][20] cross-conjugated molecules have also been predicted to exhibit interference features in experimentally relevant energy ranges. Here we

Current-induced dynamics in carbon atomic contacts

• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Tue Gunst,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 814–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.90

• show how the current-induced effects could be investigated in molecular contacts connecting gated graphene or nanotube electrodes. Graphene is now being explored very extensively due to its outstanding electrical and thermal transport properties [10][11][12]. Besides being highly important in their own

• ][20], their stability [21], and electron-transport properties [22][23][24]. Here we explore the current-induced forces and nanoscale Joule heating of the carbon chain system between electrically gated graphene electrodes. The paper is organized as follows. After a brief outline of the semiclassical

• obtained temperature distributions with (Figure 6c, Figure 6d) and without (Figure 6e, Figure 6f) the anharmonic interactions shows that anharmonic couplings between the vibrational modes have a significant influence on the heat-transport properties and local Joule heating of the system. The heating is

Enhancement of the critical current density in FeO-coated MgB₂ thin films at high magnetic fields

• Andrei E. Surdu,
• Hussein H. Hamdeh,
• Imad A. Al-Omari,
• David J. Sellmyer,
• Alexei V. Socrovisciuc,
• Andrei A. Prepelita,
• Ezgi T. Koparan,
• Ekrem Yanmaz,
• Valery V. Ryazanov,
• Horst Hahn and
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 809–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.89

• material, with a hexagonal crystal structure and a critical temperature of Tc = 39 K, raised a lot of questions about its transport properties. This strong type-II superconductor has a fairly high critical current density in zero magnetic field, i.e., up to Jc ~ 1.6 × 107 A/cm2 at 15 K [2]. This

• the effect of nanoparticles deposited onto the surface of MgB2 thin films on the transport properties of these films. In order to carry out the proposed research, MgB2 films with a thickness of about 600 nm were prepared on the MgO (100) substrates by using a “two-step” synthesis technology similar to