A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• , in the second stage, the lower layer was prepared by increasing the voltage from 20 to 60 V at the same rate, and then holding for 23 min. Finally, all samples were cleaned using distilled water in an ultrasonic bath and then desiccated. All the obtained TNT arrays were annealed at 450 °C for 2 h in

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• (NIOPIK, Moscow, Russia) with dielectric constants = 16.0 and = 5.5, and the isotropic–nematic transition temperature of 62 °C has been used in the study. The dry QDs were mixed with LC for 30 min in an ultrasonic bath. The concentration of QDs was 1 wt %. We have used plane-parallel LC cells consisting

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• and no further purification was performed. The solutions were combined in a stoichiometric ratio with respect to the metal ions (i.e., Fe/Co 1:1), where about 100 mg of MWNTs were added and the mixture was treated in an ultrasonic bath for 45 min at room temperature. The mixture was then vacuum

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• to ultrasonic vibrations to decrease the aggregation, and deposited on a lacey carbon copper grid. TGA was performed using a Labsys EVO Setaram instrument. Approximately 5 mg of sample was weighed in an open alumina crucible and heated from 50 °C to 1000 °C in He flux (20 mL/min) with a heating rate

Effect of ferroelectric BaTiO₃ particles on the threshold voltage of a smectic A liquid crystal

• Abbas R. Imamaliyev,
• Mahammadali A. Ramazanov and
• Shirkhan A. Humbatov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 824–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.76

• smectic A LC was carried out according to the following procedure: After weighing (balance ADAM PW-124), particles were added to the LC, then the mixture was shaken for 40 min in Ultrasonic Cleaner (NATO CD-4800) at 75 °C (isotropic phase) with subsequent cooling to 35 °C (smectic A phase). The transition

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• spheres Glass microscope slides were cleaned in ethanol and deionized water in an ultrasonic bath for 3 min, and then dried at 80 °C. In order to obtain the ZnO films, typically, a portion of 10 mL of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O], and 20 mL of mono-ethanolamine

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• studies as potential heavy-metal detectors are 3-phosphonopropionic acid (3-PPA) and 16-phosphonohexadecanoic (16-PHDA). Before the modification with 3-PPA or 16-PHDA, nanoparticles were washed firstly in acetone and then ethanol, and placed for about 30 s in an ultrasonic bath to ensure proper particles

• separation. In the next step, 1 mL of 1 mM solution of 3-PPA or 16-PHDA, respectively, were added to the nanoparticles and left at room temperature for 18 h. After this time the mixture was placed in an ultrasonic bath for 1 min, then the supernatant was removed and the nanoparticles were washed three times

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• industrial potential of this method. Method 2: The mini-emulsion method: This method involves ultrasonic mixing of the two-phase organic–aqueous system in the presence of a surfactant, which is commonly sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), to produce the mini-emulsion [10]. The presence of free (unbound) SDS in the

• ). The second step is macro-emulsion formation (≈736 g), which is the vigorous mixing of organic and aqueous solutions with stirring at 1200 rpm and 33 °C for 60 min. The third step is formation of a mini-emulsion (≈736 g) by ultrasonic treatment of the macro-emulsion (10 min, 60% amplitude and 450–500 W

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• stirring for 1 h, and the mixture was then sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for another hour. Then, the solution was placed in a water bath at 35 °C for 30 min to remove any residual air bubbles. The obtained aqueous gel was subsequently cross-linked/cured in an oven at 75 °C for 3 h. The cross-linked/cured

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• produce grams of BN/Ag HNMs in a single experimental run (referred to as CVD BN/Ag HNMs). To prepare BN/Ag HNMs via UV decomposition of AgNO3 (abbreviated as UV BN/Ag HNMs), we have dispersed 100 mg of raw BN NPs in 50 mL of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) using an ultrasonic homogenizer Bandelin HD2200

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

• Weijie Zhang,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Xicheng Xia and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

• NPs were mixed and diluted with deionized water. To avoid agglomeration, ultrasonic dispersion was applied for at least 5 min. After that, a drop of the solution was deposited on a silicon substrate and dried under natural air conditions in a clean room. For this sample, the two types of particles

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• precursor exposure after EBID. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis was performed with a FEI Tecnai G2 20 X-TWIN instrument with a point resolution of 0.26 nm. The silica wafer was put in an Eppendorf tube and mixed with 1 mL ethanol. After ultrasonic treatment, one drop was put on a holey carbon

Robust nanobubble and nanodroplet segmentation in atomic force microscope images using the spherical Hough transform

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li,
• Shuai Ren and
• Shusheng Bi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2572–2582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.257

• ameliorate oxygen mass transfer to living microorganisms [7], reduce drag force at solid–liquid interfaces in micro/nanofluidics [2][8][9], and enhance ultrasonic tumor imaging contrast [10]. Regarding NDs, they can be applied to fabricate nanolenses on solid surfaces to modify them for antireflection and

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• ultrasonic bath, and then measured again. In these trials, µk remained unchanged for samples that had been exposed to +ND suspensions, and increased slightly for those which had been exposed to −ND suspensions. Exposure of the samples to a ND suspension of the opposite sign would, however, immediately alter

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• , Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.8.203 Abstract A polymer nanocomposite was produced by ultrasonic-assisted dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a polycarbonate matrix using p-xylene and dichloromethane as the solvents. The filler loading was varied from 1 to 3 wt % in order to examine the effect

• moisture absorption was estimated at around 1–3% per day. After drying, the MWCNTs were dispersed in a solvent mixture of p-xylene and dichloromethane in 1:8 vol/vol at a concentration of 3 g/L and mixed using an ultrasonic bath (Fisher Scientific, FS60, Italy) operating at 40% amplitude for a total time

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• at a concentration of 1.0 g/L. Then, the dispersions were left to stand overnight. The carbonized product of the PAN nanoparticles remained settled at the bottom of the bottle during the ultrasonic treatment (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6a), indicating the strong adhesion between the

• carbon nanoparticles. The carbonized product of the PAN-PMMA1 nanoparticles could be completely dispersed in acetone by ultrasonic treatment. However, after storing overnight, most of the carbonized product settled at the bottom of the bottle, and the color of the dispersion faded obviously (Supporting

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• times by deionized water and ethanol. For the catalytic hydrolysis of AB, 10 mL of deionized water and 0.005 g of Co–Cu nanowires were added to a Florence flask and heated at 50 °C in a water bath. Furthermore, 0.023 g of AB was dissolved in the Florence flask with ultrasonic stirring. Ultimately, the

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• , although some of them seemed to be spherical with a diameter of ca. 2.0 nm. More precise results were obtained by the determination of the size of gold species that were removed from the NP surface by the ultrasonic agitation of 10 mg CoFe2O4@Met/Au NPs probe in 10 mmol·L−1 methionine solution. As a result

• chemical reduction of HAuCl4. Briefly, 3.5 mL of NP solution was diluted to 5 mL under ultrasonic agitation for 10 min and 2.0 mL of HAuCl4 (10 mmol·L−1) was introduced into the reaction medium under ultrasound agitation. The solution was alkalized to the required pH value by addition of 2.0 mol·L−1 NaOH

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• scattering using a Triplemate spectrometer (excitation wavelength 488 nm). The samples for TEM examination were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion of powder suspended in ethanol on lacey carbon film grids. The nature of the surface groups was characterized by Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy using a

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• ultrasonic treatment in dispersant for 20 min, followed by magnetic stirring over 12 h at room temperature. Computer simulation The spatial structure of the C60 fullerene was built according to [http://www-jmg.ch.cam.ac.uk/data/molecules/misc/c60.html]. The spatial structure of Cis was built with the aid of

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• examination, contrast-rich methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and ultrasonic techniques are being used increasingly for imaging soft tissue, e.g., cartilage imaging in progressive osteoarthritis. Advantages of different imaging

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• using an ultrasonic cleaner for 15 min to remove dust and impurities from the substrates. Substrates were dried with pure compressed air. The following techniques were used to grow different metal oxide nanostructures. Evaporation–condensation technique: NiO, SnO2, ZnO The growth of nickel oxide (NiO

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• each of the four cell lines were prepared. The optical density of different cell lines were measured using Eppendorf Biophotometer plus. The optical density of 0.25 was correlated to an averaged cell number of 107 cells/mL. Cell sonication Cells were sonicated using an ultrasonic probe system