Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• from the lattice mode. The bands at 330 and 368 cm−1, as well as 745 and 824 cm−1, can be attributed to the bending and stretching V–O vibrations, respectively [39][40]. Thus, the electrode preparation procedure leads to the formation of anatase (TiO2) and monoclinic scheelite (BiVO4) structures

• . Typical bands of PEDOT:PSS can be found in the Raman spectrum of the electrode after polymer electrodeposition. The main band (ca. 1438 cm−1) can be assigned to (C=C)–O vibrations in thiophene rings [41]. The symmetric C=C bands of the polymer chain are seen at 1508 and 1567 cm−1. The bands at ca. 1260

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• , a sharp peak at 1380 cm−1 is observed, which can be ascribed to –C–O stretching vibrations of carboxylate groups, which are formed due to the breaking of some C–N bonds of triazine rings and their oxidation to carboxylic groups in the C3N4 NFs and QDs [19]. After the introduction of rGO to form GCN

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• the overtones and/or combination bands of C=O out-of-plane deformation vibration with C=O stretching vibration. These Fermi resonance vibrations for Ti-uracil are observed at 1747 and 1774 cm−1. The carbon double bond vibration is observed at 1645 and 1654 cm−1 for uracil and Ti-uracil, respectively

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• broad vibration between 900 and 1200 cm−1 arising from vibration modes of the CPO3 tetrahedra. The intensity of this band increases with the P/Ti ratio. The absence of bands at ≈1220 cm−1 (P=O stretching vibration) and ≈950 cm−1 (P–OC stretching vibrations) [36] suggests that most of the phosphonate

• groups are in the same tridentate environment as in layered titanium phosphonates, that is, bonded to three Ti atoms in CP(OTi)3 sites, as previously reported for sol–gel TiO2–phenylphosphonate hybrid materials [15]. The vibrations in the 1400–1500 cm−1 range can be ascribed to CH3 and CH2 deformations

• of groups in residual surface moieties (e.g., Ti–OiPr, Ti–O–CMePhOiPr), and to CH3, CH2 and P–CH2 deformations in the octylphosphonate groups. The three bands between 2800 and 3000 cm−1 are ascribed to the C–H symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of bonds in CH2 and CH3, mostly in the octyl

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• of material surface was obtained at 3351 cm−1 and the peak observed at 1050 cm−1 corresponds to Si–O–Si band, the strong bands observed at 2943 cm−1 are attributed to the stretching vibration of aliphatic C–H bands. The new ν(C=C) and ν(C=N) vibrations detected at 1459 cm−1 and 1531 cm−1

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• -frequency region, the conspicuous maximum at ≈1600 cm−1 is due the stretching vibration of C=C bonds in aromatic or graphitic carbon. The peak at 1224 cm−1 corresponds to stretching vibrations of C–C and C–O single bonds (the ‘disorder’ peak usually found for graphitic material) [56][57][58][59][60][61

• ]. Importantly, the absence of carbonyl stretching vibrations around 1950–2190 cm−1 rules out any remnants of molecular precursor Ru3(CO)12 (Figure 7b [52][62]). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Figure 8) is used to differentiate between the oxidation states of ruthenium at its surface and in its inner

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• presence of Si–O [33].The –OH bending vibration from absorbed water in raw kaolinite clay (1630 cm−1) shifts to lower wave numbers in 2Z-HYCA (between 1615 and 1599 cm−1) with increasing temperature. The band at approximately 1700 cm−1 is attributed to the C=O stretching vibrations of carbonyl groups

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• NLDH, the strong absorption around 1381 cm−1 confirms the presence of interlayer NO3−, and the bands recorded below 800 cm−1 originate from the vibration of metal–oxygen bonds and from lattice vibrations associated with metal hydroxide sheets [15]. The introduction of OCPS anions after modification is

A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta

• Matthias Mail,
• Adrian Klein,
• Horst Bleckmann,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Peter T. Rühr,
• Goran Lovric,
• Robin Fröhlingsdorf,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3039–3047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.282

• deflection of the laser beam and thus the pressure changes. With this setup, we were able to record the conversation of two people standing in front of the experimental tank (Figure 8). To rule out the possibility that the recorded signals were caused by vibrations of the experimental tank, an experiment was

• detected by a photosensitive diode (PSD) placed at the opposite side of the aquarium. A temporary displacement of the air–water interface due to pressure changes led to beam deflection, thus the diode signal could be used to detect vibrations at the interface. b) Diode signal recorded in the experiment

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• OH groups of interlayer water molecules and brucite-like LDH layers. The band at 421 cm−1 is attributed to O–M–O lattice vibrations in LDH, which further proves the formation of a LDH platelet structure. Moreover, for HALS-Ca2Al-LDH and MP-Ca2Al-LDH, the characteristics stretching vibration bands of

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• intense peak at 142 cm−1 (Eg) assigned to anatase lattice vibrations [50]. No peaks of the rutile phase were observed in any of the samples. This is in agreement with the XRD data and other reports [51]. It is also noticeable that the intensity of all peaks increases with the anodization time without peak

• shifts. Two small peaks centered at 501 and 660 cm−1 were obtained after an instrumental artifact was canceled out by measuring a TiO2 control sample (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). The vibration at 660 cm−1 has been observed in titanate nanotubes and was attributed to Ti–O anatase vibrations

Effective sensor properties and sensitivity considerations of a dynamic co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensor

• Julia Körner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2546–2560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.237

• )materials by scanning probe methods or magnetometry [5][6][7]. In contrast to static-mode operation, where the static bending of cantilever sensors is used as a measurement signal, the dynamic mode is based on exciting the beam to vibrations and monitoring its amplitude, resonance frequency and phase shift

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• methyl ester of sarcosine was methacryloylated. Structure and purity of MMAA was confirmed by 1H NMR (Figure 1a), gas chromatography (Figure 1b), and FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 1c). The FTIR spectrum exhibited characteristic peaks at 1745 and 1620 cm−1 ascribed to strong C=O stretching vibrations of ester

• and amide groups of MMAA, respectively. Peaks at 3083, 1649, and 889 cm−1 belonged to the CH2=, C=C stretching, and CH2= wagging vibrations of methacrylate, respectively. A strong asymmetric stretching vibration of C–O–C appeared at 1206 cm−1, while bending vibrations at 1454 and 1367 cm−1 were

• attributed to CH3 and CH2 groups of MMAA. Bands at ca. 2900 and at 1500–1350 cm−1 corresponded to stretching and bending vibrations of CH2 and CH3 groups, respectively. The first polymerization experiments involved the precipitation copolymerization of HPMA and MMAA. High molecular weight products (ca. 170

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• . The IR spectrum of Si–NH2 shows the local environment of the silicon atom (Figure 2a). The presence of the absorption bands that correspond to valence and deformation vibrations of the CH2, NH2, NH3+, Si–CH2, Si–OH, (Si–O)n, C–N groups [19] confirm the proposed structure of the Si–NH2 molecule. The

• splitting of the absorption band at 1085 cm−1, which corresponds to asymmetric valence vibrations of the Si–O bond, into two bands at 1100 cm−1 and 1000 cm−1 is typical for polymer structures with Si–O–Si fragments and indicates the presence of at least dimers in the Si–NH2 nanoparticles. The bands at 3058

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• , Figure 4 shows the normal modes of the prominent SERS bands, which correspond to totally symmetric vibrations, except that at 1176 cm−1. The observed band at 351 cm−1 is mainly due to the inter-ring C–C’ stretching mode, and those at 766, 1012 and 1060 cm−1 are ring deformations. The peaks observed at

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• , the strong band of stretching vibrations of the C–O–C groups of PEG at 1110 cm−1 appears, confirming the conjugation of macrocycle and PEG (Figure 1d). In the 1H NMR spectrum of 3, the ratios between the integral intensities of terminal methoxy groups (at 3.37 ppm) and methyl and (CH2)9 groups (at

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• instabilities of atomic stick–slip to thermal vibrations, are found to be intimately related to non-contact friction. Energy can get dissipated into phononic and/or electronic channels. In a number of examples, it was found that non-contact friction can be tuned over orders of magnitudes by changing the applied

• by the action of a probing tip along a track of 100 nm on a Au(111) surface (Figure 8). The method to move the molecules is based on inelastic tunneling through which the electrons induce molecular vibrations, which then lead to increased diffusion. Depending on the polarity of the applied bias

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• have a D band peak around 1350 cm−1, a G band peak around 1590 cm−1 and G’ band peak in the region of 2700 cm−1. The first is related to the presence of disordered carbon, the second to the tangential vibrations of graphitic carbon and the third one to two-phonon scattering related to long-range order

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• −1 that are observed in all three samples are typically related to stretching vibrations of hydroxyl (–OH) groups on the surface of the samples [22]. The peaks at 1094, 804 and 467 cm−1 are attributed to asymmetric stretching, symmetric stretching and bending modes of Si–O–Si bonds in diatomite [23

• ][24][25]. For Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite, the peak at 572.6 cm−1 is assigned to stretching vibrations of Fe–O–Fe, indicating the loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the composite [26]. The peak at 531.7 cm−1 can be ascribed to the Mn–O vibrations of MnO2 [27]. Figure 3 shows the SEM images

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• ) is caused by the inter-oxygen vibrations. Beyond this transient period of time both curves decay monotonically. A faster decay of k(t) calculated for the NN membrane indicates that the time necessary to reach the equilibrium state is shorter. The hydrogen bonds between water and nitrogen atoms from

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• (TDS2002B, Tektronix). The experimental data presented below in Figure 7 and Figure 8 were obtained using a standard-size cantilever (NCH, Nanoworld; f0 = 151.46 kHz, k = 41.3 N/m and Q = 9) and an ultra-short cantilever (USC, Nanoworld; f0 = 3.44 MHz, k = 59.9 N/m and Q = 7). The cantilever vibrations were

• -speed FM-AFM imaging was performed in the deposited water using an AC55 (Olympus) cantilever (f0 = 1.53 MHz, Δf = 1.6 kHz, A = 0.1 nm). The cantilever vibrations were excited and detected using the same setups that were employed for the PLL performance measurements. For the high-speed operation of the

• cantilever thermal vibrations nth. These values were calculated using the following equation [1][33]: where kB, T, k, and A denote Boltzmann's constant, the absolute temperature, the cantilever spring constant, and the cantilever vibration amplitude, respectively. Qd* represents the apparent Q-factor in the

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• inversely proportional to the concentration of defects in the structure [34]. The D′-band (ca. 1620 cm−1) is also another defect-induced band which is assigned to the in-plane vibrations of the outer parts of the graphite domains [35][36]. It is typically observed for MWCNTs and intercalated graphite

• VACNTs also indicate the presence of a D′-band due to vibrations from the outer CNT walls. The Raman spectrum of activated carbon Norit R1 Extra is characterized by a broad D-band indicating the presence of different types of defects. Also notable is the near total absence of 2D band in Norit R1 Extra

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• attributed to the vibration of B–O ester bond at 1365 cm−1 confirms the boronate bonding between BA and SRA (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Besides, the stretching vibrations of C–H bonds at 3000–2800 cm−1 and the C–C aromatic bonds at 1525–1475 cm−1 as well as the deformational vibrations of

Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction

• Atindra Nath Pal,
• Tal Klein,
• Ayelet Vilan and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1471–1477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.138

• provide only a rough estimation for the conductance distribution. Coming back to the step direction analysis, the remaining conductance contribution (which is 1 G0 or slightly higher) is transmitted via one or more conduction channels that do not interact with molecular vibrations. Overall, the analysis

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• polymer brushes [31]). During this process, precise control of the pull-out velocity and the suppression of any vibrations are essential and determine the quality of the homogeneous areal density of the NPs, and thus, the related density of the pores later on. After drying of the micellar film, the