The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ali Marashdeh,
• Thiadrik Tiesma,
• Niels J. C. van Velzen,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Remco W. A. Havenith,
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
• Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

• EDAX detector for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The samples were inserted free of oxygen and water. The composition and morphology were characterized directly after inserting, and after 12 h in high vacuum. X-ray diffraction High-quality single crystals of MeAuPMe3 were grown by

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum demonstrates that Cd and Se were the only elements detected in CdSe NRs. Due to the low content of CdSe NRs in CdSe/TiO2 composites, CdSe NRs could only hardly be observed by SEM. Ti, O, Cd and Se elements were detected for all composites, which indicates the

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO₄ with W doping

• Xin Zhao and
• Zhong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2640–2647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.264

• films can be successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method. Elemental analysis was also performed to confirm the composition. To simplify the test, two typical samples, 0-water and 1-EG, were selected for the EDX analysis. The results were shown in Table S1 and Table S2 of Supporting Information File 1

• °. Elemental analysis was conducted by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) equipped on a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, JEOL JSM-7600F). Light absorption was measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer by measuring the reflectance and transmittance with an integrating sphere

• voltammograms of porous and planar films, and elemental analyses of the samples 0-water and 1-EG by EDX. Supporting Information File 200: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements Financial support from Ministry of Education (grant RG15/16), Nanyang Technological University (SUG), and Singapore National

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• , hindering the coalescence of Fe nanoparticles, resulting in more active sites for CNT nucleation [28][29][30]. A peculiar lift-up of the CNT nanostructure was also observed for the first time. Based on energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and SEM data, the corresponding mechanism is also discussed

• . Further investigations are necessary by TEM or Raman measurements. Further characterization was performed with local EDX (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) at the positions indicated in Figure 7b. At positions 1 and 2, a large carbon signal was detected, which is in line with the growth of

• origin of the aluminum signal is certainly the Al2O3 layer. In addition, we were not able to detect the Fe signal at this point. This is especially remarkable at position 2 in Figure 7b, however, this can be explained considering that EDX is not a surface sensitive method. Therefore the composition of

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• varied by using the 30 μm, 60 μm, and 120 μm condenser apertures. For every HT and current, we set the deposition time to 20 s, 40 s, and 60 s and produced at least 6 NPs using identical experimental conditions. In total we deposited over 120 samples and conducted a broad SEM and EDX study to elucidate

• picture of the behaviour generally observed across all Au NP samples. All NPs fabricated under the same experimental conditions appeared indistinguishable in terms of both the morphology (as evidenced by SEM imaging) and chemical composition (as evidenced by SEM EDX linescans); see Figure S1, Supporting

• 1 kV, to smoother and thinner, deposited at higher HT values (Figure 2), in line with previous observations for W [72]. SEM EDX studies showed that the NPs are in reality mostly made up of C, having a smaller fraction of Au present in the deposits (see Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). A

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• identified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to be MF2 for M = Fe, Co and MF3 for M = Eu, Pr. The diameters and size distributions of MFx@TRGO were from (6 ± 2) to (102 ± 41) nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for further characterization of

• using 200 μm carbon-coated copper grids or gold grids. The size distribution was determined manually or with the aid of the Gatan DigitalMicrograph software from at least 50 individual particles. HR-TEM EDX spectroscopy was also performed on a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 with a high-angle energy-dispersive X-ray

• detector providing a resolution of 136 eV or better for Mn Kα radiation. The exposure time of individual EDX spectra was 3 min. Metal-fluoride nanoparticles were prepared in a nitrogen atmosphere. 10 mg of the TRGO and the weighted amount of metal-amidinate powder or [Eu(dpm)3] were suspended at room

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• (EDX) analysis was employed to further investigate the elemental distribution of Ce and Cu species in the yolk–shell nanospheres. In Figure 4, the elements Ce, Cu, and O are represented by yellow, red, and green colors, respectively. A uniform distribution of Ce, Cu, and O in each yolk–shell sphere

• yolk–shell structures in the range of 400–500 nm are clearly observed in the TEM images (Figure 5a,b,d,e). The coexistence of Ce and Co or Ni is further confirmed by the EDX spectra (Figure 5c,f). These results indicate the versatility of this synthesis approach in the preparation of CeO2-based

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a FEI QuantaTM 250 and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a FEI Tecnai G2 F20, equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) for elemental mapping. Raman spectra were carried out using a Bruker Senterra Raman spectrometer with an excitation

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• exposure times. The composition of the deposits was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) on large and thick deposits. The deposits were grown on a gold sample to be able to distinguish the elements in the deposit from the substrate material. For the precursor molecule DCSCH, respectively

• primary electron beam in FEBID. Composition analyses of the deposits by means of EDX reveal a close to stoichiometric Si/C ratio for both compounds and only a marginal amount of chlorine remains in the deposits formed with DCSCH. However, the Si/O ratio of the DCSCH deposits (2.4) is twice that observed

• deposits on gold substrates, using an Oxford Instruments 80 mm2 detector. EDX was performed at two different incident energies of 5 keV and 20 keV, at beam currents of 1.6 nA and 240 pA, respectively. Molecular structure of (a) 1,1-dichloro-1-silacyclohexane (cyclo-C5H10SiCl2) and (b) silacyclohexane

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• ), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transition electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The obtained TiB2/TiN hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites demonstrated an average particle size of 100

• into a scattering multibranched structure (marked with frame). Moreover, hierarchical structures were well-distributed without agglomeration. The corresponding X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum (Figure 1c) reveals significant elemental B, Ti, N and O. The existence of O could be

• corresponding SAED pattern (Figure 2g) indicated that the sample was a TiB2 single crystal with high crystallinity. In general, the HRTEM and SAED analysis results of the hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites corresponded with those of the above-mentioned XRD, EDX and FSEM characterizations. Effects of

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• ,b), 215 nm (c,d) and 135 nm (e,f) in diameter. Composition of the cobalt nanospheres, as measured by EDX, as a function of diameter. SEM micrographs of the cobalt nanospheres grown on cantilever tips for STEM-EELS and electron holography experiments. (a) Cantilever pyramid tip welded to a TEM grid

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• iron oxide of composition Fe0.942O (Figure 2e) which was further proven by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). The formed iron oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3 ± 1 nm are highly crystalline and randomly distributed on the graphene

• process by adhesive tape. The TEM was operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 keV (FEI, Tecnai G2F20@200keV, equipped with EDAX EDX detector). EDX and SAED spectra of the iron oxide nanoparticles were aquired simultaneously in the TEM. For high-resolution images, the TEM (FEI, Titan3 80-300 microscope

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• , capillaries made of polysilicone were treated by Tollens’ reagens, and these thick layers have been subjected to SEM and EDX analysis (Figure 14). In Figure 14a, a cross section of an urethral catheter is displayed. Figure 14b shows the silver layer (d ≈ 4 μm) on the interior wall, and in Figure 14c, an EDX

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• superparamagnetic. The high-resolution TEM image of the CoFe2O4@Met NPs after gold deposition with methionine and the EDX spectrum of these NPs are shown in Figure 2. The HRTEM image shows the formation of numerous gold species at the surface of methionine-stabilized CoFe2O4@Met NPs. In accordance with HRTEM image

• and EDX spectrum, the ICP-MS analysis of the gold plating solution performed before and after 30 min of sonication of the NPs indicated the reduction of ca. 99.3% of gold ions. From the HRTEM inspection, however, it was difficult to determine the size distribution of the attached gold species

• responses of as-formed (1) and sonicated NPs in a 10 mmol·L−1 HAuCl4 solution, kept at a pH 12.2, at 37 °C for 4 h (2) are presented. HRTEM image of CoFe2O4@Met NPs after sonication in 15 mmol·L−1 HAuCl4 solution at 37 °C for 4 h (a) and their EDX spectrum (b). Absorption spectra of methionine (1

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• electron diffraction (SAED) shown in the inset is also consistent with a single-phase fcc structure [36]. The chemical composition of the bimetallic nanochains was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Figure 4 shows the EDX spectrum with peaks

• abundance of each element, and the EDX data averaged over multiple runs confirm that the approximate stoichiometry of the nanochains is Co27Au72. We also used XPS to analyze the chemical composition of the nanochains (Figure 5). The XPS spectrum shows two peaks at 84.0 and 87.7 eV, which can be attributed

• small drops of solution containing the dispersed nanochains on a silicon wafer (for FE-SEM) or on 300-mesh holey carbon-coated copper grids (for TEM) and allowing the solvent to evaporate. Analysis by XRD was performed using a Siemens D-5000 with monochromatic Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.540562 Å), and EDX

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• % in GeH indicating that this is the maximum amount of As that can be substituted in CaGe2. The lack of any other distinguishing phase in the XRD suggests that Ga and As are part of the germanane lattice. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provided

• further verification of the incorporation of dopant atoms into GeH. As a representative example, the EDX spectrum of a single 2.3% Ga:GeH platelet shows the presence of both Ge K and Ga K peaks (Figure 3a). Figure 3b–d shows an SEM image, and the maps of Ga Kα signal and Ge Kα signal, of a corner of a

• Ga:GeH platelet. These EDX maps show that there is a uniform distribution of gallium and germanium throughout the germanane crystal. This confirms the retention of the Ga dopant into the germanane lattice. X-ray photoelecton spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed dopant retention in the lattice and

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• dispersive X-ray and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of the obtained biocomposites was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results show that in some cases the use of glutaraldehyde was crucial (albumin). Keywords: albumin; EDX; glucose oxidase; IR spectroscopy; lipase

• Ni ions influence the crystallization process (which turned out to be slower in comparison to Fe). This observation explains the observed differences in the Mössbauer spectra from those presented in previous studies [17]. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) To confirm the substitution of Fe by

• other 3d elements, EDX analysis was performed. For this purpose, the particles analyzed previously with TEM were used. The assumed molar ratio of Fe/Me was confirmed to be 2.5:0.5. Element specific line scans of ferrite nanoparticles show the presence of all substituted metals in the studied particles

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• different mechanisms that could explain this process including dissolution of TPs, melting of TPs, Ostwald ripening and, which seems the most probable, their combinations. Some of these processes would lead to highly defective structures. XRF analysis and EDX/TEM imaging During storage of the samples a

• investigate the location of Ag and Cl in NPs, element distribution maps with the use of energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were obtained (Figure 5). Figure 5a shows a high angle annular dark field (HAADF) image of sample AgCl_32, which was obtained with the use of scanning transmission electron

• microscopy (STEM). Figure 5–e display the position of Cd, Se, Ag and Cl atoms. The investigation was made on the day of the synthesis of NPs. The colour brightness of one selected pixel is determined by the intensity of L (Cd, Se and Ag) or K (Cl) line in EDX spectrum. The element distribution maps show that

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• of silica on the fiber surface was confirmed by EDX analysis and quantified to 0.9 wt % of the total composite weight by means of thermogravimetric analysis. Transmission (Figure 2) and scanning electron microscopic observations (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3) of the fluffy residue after

• with silica (Figure 3). The absence of silica in the polyamine-free system can be further confirmed by means of EDX and TGA analysis revealing no evidence for silica being present on the fiber surface. This proves the importance and necessity of polyamine presence on the fiber surface for the proposed

• /silica hybrid particles) and 150 °C (calcined silica nanotubes), respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was performed with a XL30 FEG ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscope, FEI/Philips) equipped with an EDAX SiLi detector. The ESEM was used for electron micrographs in low

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• linearized isotherm equation between P/P0 0.035 and 0.2 and the pore size was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) for slit pores. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were obtained using a Philips XL 30 FEG (20 kV) instrument equipped with an EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) detector

• which was identified as SiO2 by EDX analysis. Obviously, a small amount of the oxide particles is completely embedded in the molten PS fibres during the thermal treatment so that a complete etching by HF is not possible. With the observed capillary condensation at high relative pressure, the adsorption

• the silica@carbon composite (3) compared to the SiC tubes (5) obtained after thermal treatment and purification shows a distinct change (Figure 8a). The Si–O vibration for 3 at ν = 1060 cm−1 disappears and the Si–C valence vibration of 5 at ν = 782 cm−1 appears. Figure 8b shows the EDX spectra of 5

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• process may result in non-stoichiometric, sulfur rich composition in our PVD films. In keeping with this, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the films in general gave slightly S-enriched Mo/S ratios of 1:2.1. Furthermore, also argon or residual oxygen might have been incorporated into

• incident angle of αi = 0.13° was chosen to enhance the scattered intensities of the adsorbate. The angular scans have been transferred to scattering vector notation using q = 4πsin(Θ)/λxt. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and focused ion beam (FIB

• TEM at 150 kV. EDX spectroscopy was performed in a Zeiss Supra 55VP SEM at 20 kV using an Oxford Instruments X-max detector and the INCA software for elemental composition quantification. Electrical measurements To investigate the conductivity of the MoS2 films two types of field effect transistor

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• throughout the whole fabrication process: after CVD growth, after Mo etching and after lift-off. The absence of contamination has then been attested by EDX analysis. In Figure 1 a representative optical micrograph of the fabricated devices is reported. The graphene layer (dark strip highlighted in red) and

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• detector, 10 mm). The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer was calibrated for quantitative analysis using Cu and Al for energy and Mo for energy resolution. Results All steps in the production process must be closely controlled to obtain the final hydrogel product with the highest possible yield and

• calcified by β-TCP [57]. However, the other intense XRD peaks assigned to β-TCP at 32.42 and 34.33° 2θ are not observed. Moreover, the IR band at around 881 cm−1 assigned to HPO42− [41][58] suggests the presence of DCPD. Since the Ca/P ratio calculated by EDX is around 1.1 for both hydrogels after

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• advantageous for ionic migration. Figure 1c,1d shows the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) of the Fe2O3/MWCNT composite. Three distinct elements (C, O and Fe) can be observed. All the elements were uniformly distributed. The aforementioned results demonstrated that Fe2O3 nanoparticles were evenly

• composites: (a) XRD patterns; (b) SEM image; (c) and (d) energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites: (a) and (b) HRTEM; (c) HRTEM and selected area electron diffraction patterns of TEM. TG curve of Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites. Electrochemical performance of the electrodes: (a

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• Oxford Instruments EDX analyzer was used for the analysis. IR spectroscopy. IR spectra were measured with a Thermo Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectrometer with a Thermo Scientific Smart Orbit (Diamond). ATR correction was done with Omnic 8.1.11 from Thermo Nicolet Fischer Scientific. For IR spectroscopy, a few

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• possess a nanoparticle at their tip. STEM energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy combined with electron tomography performed on these nanostructures revealed that they contain iron, clearly demonstrating that the short ICP-synthesized SiNWs grew via an iron-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism

• within the plasma reactor. Both the STEM tomography and STEM-EDX analysis contributed to gain further insight into the self-assembly process. In the long-term, this approach might be used to optimize the synthesis of VLS-grown SiNWs via ICP as a competitive technique to the well-established bottom-up

• annular dark field (HAADF) in STEM associated with ET has been confirmed as the most appropriate mode to image crystals, since it meets the projection requirement, associating the contrast to the atomic number [6]. By combining the HAADF and ET techniques along with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX