One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• assigned to a deformation mode of adsorbed water), and also of surface hydroxyl groups resulting from the hydrolysis of residual surface groups during washing or manipulation under air. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2 and of the hybrid samples are presented in Figure 3. The patterns of TiP0.02

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• mm wide and ca. 25 µm thick) were successfully obtained and were denoted as Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-2, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-7, respectively, according to the number of days immersed. Instrumental methods The phase structure of the as-obtained composites was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• fitted for the samples without wetting films, and then fixed for all other samples. The wetting films/metal and metal/LiF interface roughness were left as fitting parameters. More information about XRR modeling can be found in [40] and references therein. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• temperatures [16]. The vibrational bands corresponding to Sb2O3 were not detected by Raman spectroscopy in any of the studied glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides qualitative information on the phase composition and crystal structure. XRD patterns of reference glass/ITO/TiO2 samples

• al. [21]. Deconvoluted band centers in Raman shift, band intensities and full widths at half maximum (FWHM) were fitted using a Lorentzian function [61]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a Rigaku Ultima IV powder diffractometer in θ-2θ mode (Cu Kα1 λ = 1.5406 Å, 40 kV, 40 mA, step

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• copper grids. The Raman spectra for the different samples was characterized using a Renishaw inVia spectrometer as the powder samples were mounted on clean glass slides. The samples were excited with a green (514 nm) laser using 50% laser power and the exposure time was 10 s. X-ray diffraction (XRD

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• . A control sample Ni–P/TNAs was prepared in a similar fashion without adding Co(NO3)2 in the electrolyte. Sample characterization The following analytic methods were applied to provide structural information on the NixCoyP/TNA samples: X-ray diffraction (XRD, X’Pert pro MPD, Philips) for

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• reactive mixture containing tetramethyltin (SnMe4) and diethylzinc (ZnEt2) vapors, diluted Ar, O2 and SF6. Their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are reported in this work. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the nanoparticles possess a tetragonal SnO2 crystalline

• The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Zn/F co-doped, F-doped and undoped SnO2 nanoparticles are superposed in Figure 1. The ratio, R, between the SnMe4 and ZnEt2 flows is shown on the right of the figure, near the sample name. In all cases, each XRD pattern clearly demonstrated the nanocrystalline

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• mm. Composites of other LDHs with PP (HALS-Ca2Al/PP, MP-Ca2Al/PP, H2M1-Ca2Al/PP, H1M2-Ca2Al/PP, H1M3-Ca2Al/PP) were prepared following a similar process using the required amount of LDH slurry. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 X-ray

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• /TPPPi(Ph) in EtOH were centrifuged (11000 rpm, 5 min), redispersed in 10 mL of PBS, and shaken for 4 h at RT. The resulting mixture was centrifuged (11000 rpm, 5 min), washed three times with absolute EtOH, and air-dried before powder XRD measurement. Instrumental methods: Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• by a facile hydrothermal method for the first time at the different termperatures to investigate the disadvantages of 2D structures. The growth mechanism analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested a 2D to 3D structural transition upon temperature increment

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS and Auger) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) as well as contact angle measurements. It was found that different morphologies of the roughened Ag films could be obtained under controlled

• -30 FEG using an electron beam at 25 kV. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the silver films were recorded using a Tecnai G2 F20 microscope operating at 200 kV after the use of focused-ion beam (FIB) for sample preparation [74]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on a

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• the GaAsBi/GaAs, InAs/GaAs, and InAs/GaAsBi heterointerfaces were investigated by methods of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction reflection curves were investigated on a high-resolution TRS-1 X-ray diffractometer with a third-crystal geometry using the Cu Kα emission line

Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter

• Daiming Liu,
• Qingkang Wang and
• Qing Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2788–2793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.260

• smooth facets. No nanoparticles are observed and the UC nanorods exhibit a monodisperse size distribution. On average, they are ca. 200 nm in diameter and ca. 1.5 μm in length. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in Figure 1b, with increasing reaction time, reflections of the hexagonal β

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using a JEOL JSM-7600F microscope. The structure of the grown ZnO NRs was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Rigaku MiniFlex600 diffractometer. The XRD patterns of the samples were obtained using Cu Kα radiation (1.5406 Å) with

• -ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and (b) Raman spectra measured with an excitation wavelength of 0.532 µm of ZnO NRs grown hydrothermally on glass substrates for 5–15 h; (c) schematic of the NR shape. The data for 10 h growth duration are adapted from [28]. (a) Small-signal absorption spectra of the ZnO

• found elsewhere [31]. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of ZnO nanorods grown hydrothermally on glass substrates for (a,d) 5 h, (b,e) 10 h and (c,f) 15 h; (a,b,c) top- and (d,e,f) side-view. Images (b) and (e) are reproduced with permission from [28], copyright 2017, IEEE. (a) X

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• -sonication of the samples at 50 °C in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution (2 wt % in deionized water) for 10 min. The crystal structure of Mo films has been analyzed using a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer with monochromatic Cu Kα (40 kV, 40 mA, λ = 0.154 nm) as an excitation

• nm in samples deposited at 3 mTorr and from 2.78 to 3.81 nm in samples deposited at 5 mTorr, when the power is raised from 100 to 200 W, confirming the grain size increase visible in the SEM results (Figure 3), as higher power leads to denser and bigger grains. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• collective magnetic response, which is a prerequisite for biomagnetic applications. Structure and phase composition The structure and phase composition of the Fe3O4–Au NPs was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 2 presents the experimental data. All expected powder diffraction peaks of magnetite

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• -transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antineoplastic potential of the CaP@5-FU NPs against colorectal and lung cancer cells was reported. The CaP@5-FU NPs were found to inhibit half the population (IC50) of lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells at 32 μg/mL and colorectal (HCT

•  2D. X-ray diffraction pattern X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to assess the crystallinity of both CaP@5-FU NPs and CaP NPs, as shown in Figure 3B and Figure 3A, respectively. A diffraction pattern with a 2θ value of 31.8 (d value 2.804) confirms the hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation [33

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• power of 5.00 mW. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in a 2θ range of 20° to 80° were recorded with the help of a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer (Bruker AXS GmbH) with a Cu Kα-wavelength of λ = 0.154 nm and a step size of 0.039°. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out in a temperature

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• -electrochemical performance [39][40][41]. The amorphous TiO2 layer was further annealed at 350 °C for 3 h to form crystalline anatase TiO2, which led to an improved performance. The final TiO2 layers were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1) and ellipsometry

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• seen that some particles, having diameters in the range of 30–40 nm, attach to the surface of the TNT arrays as well as the interior of the nanotubes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns (Figure 2) present the phase composition of the produced TNTs before (Figure 2a) and after (Figure 2b) heat treatment

• (LED) lamp without ultraviolet light (<450 nm), while the other half of tubes with NDM were kept in the dark. Materials characterization The surface morphology and microstructure of the fabricated samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S4800, Japan) and X-ray

• diffraction (XRD, SHIMADZU 61000, Japan), respectively. The chemical composition of the prepared samples was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Oxford) attached to the SEM. The wettability of the samples was measured by a contact angle meter (JC2000C1; Shanghai, China), and all of the

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• room temperature. The resultant solid was labeled NPLs-S. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected on a Bruker/D8-Advance instrument with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) at a scanning rate of 4°/min from 10° to 70°. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared samples

Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

• Juan L. Palma,
• Alejandro Pereira,
• Raquel Álvaro,
• José Miguel García-Martín and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

• -SE ellipsometer from J. A. Wollam, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed using a Bruker D8 system with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm), in a 2θ range between 10° and 90° at a sweep rate of 0.02°·s−1. Longitudinal MOKE hysteresis loops of the antidot arrays were obtained using a

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• by X-ray diffraction (XRD). As shown in Figure 4, the TiO2 sample calcined at 350 °C (TiO2-350) showed relatively broad diffraction peaks at 2θ = 25.4, 37.9, 48.1, 54 and 55° which were attributed to the (101), (004), (200), (105) and (211) planes, respectively, indicating an anatase phase. As the

• were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using a Rigaku D/mas-2200 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The pore property was characterized using the nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique at 77 K using a nitrogen sorption instrument (ASAP 2000, Micromertics). Catalytic

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD, SmartLab, Rigaku Corporation) with Cu Ka radiation was used to analyze the crystal structure of the S/ZnO@NCNT sample. The chemical status and elemental compositions of the sample were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Shimadzu Axis Ultra

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• area and a favored charge separation, and hence, improved photocatalytic activity. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelt (designated as TGN for simplicity) and branched TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelt (TGN-branch 4 h, refer to the Experimental section

• TGN-branch x h, where x refers to the precipitation time in the precursor solution. Characterization The morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were

• using a liquid chromatography apparatus (Wufeng LC100, WondaCract ODS-2 column, China). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelts (TGN) and branched TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelts (TGN-branch 4 h). FESEM images of (a) pristine TiO2 nanobelts, (b) sample TGN, and (c, d) sample TGN-branch 4 h. (a