Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• IL [BMIm][BF4] for RE = Pr, Eu, Gd and Er. The crystalline phases and the absence of significant oxide impurities in RE-NPs and REF3-NPs were verified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size

• not done, because matching of the F Kα1 binding energy against the Lα1 or Lβ1 binding energies for Eu, Gd and Er is not very accurate. The measured oxidation state 3+ of the rare-earth metals in the fluorides was corroborated by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) (Figure 4 and

• Figures S4c, S5c, S6d, Supporting Information File 1) through comparison to the reported binding energies of metal(III) fluorides/oxides, metal(0) and organic fluorine/oxygen (Table 2) [48][49]. The measured metal and fluorine XPS values are in good agreement with the values of metal(III) fluorides that

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• + and the NDM hydrophobic layer was verified by SEM and EDS; the results are shown in Figure 3. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the chemical state of the coating layer of Ag-TNTs and Zn-Ag-TNTs shown in Figure 4. Figure 3a,b clearly demonstrates that some

• . The existence of S demonstrates that NDM has been successfully applied onto the TNTs. The main components of the Ag and Zn substances were measured through XPS (see Figure 4). Figure 4a presents the XPS full spectrum of Ag-TNTs where Ag, Ti and O elements are shown to exist, while Figure 4e is the

• full XPS spectrum of Zn-Ag-TNTs, in which Zn, Ti, Ag and O elements are detected. These spectra suggest the successful decoration of Ag as well as loading of Zn. The presence of C may be attributed to the incorporation from the electrolyte and the organic contamination adsorbed from environment. Figure

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• functionalities, which in turn increases the layer separation and turns the material hydrophilic. The subsequent exfoliation step separates the layers, thereby significantly increasing its accessible surface area leading to the formation of single- or few-layered GO. In our previous work, by XPS analysis, we have

• evaluation by N2 adsorption isotherm measurement and a detailed XPS analysis of their surface functionalities. Finally, the gas adsorption studies of all materials are presented and compared comprehensively. Raman spectroscopy is one of the few meaningful characterization techniques that are able to

• chemical composition as well. Due to their high absorption near the infrared region, IR spectroscopy is seldom used to characterize CNTs and CNHs. In contrast, XPS is a central characterization method that can be successfully applied to different types of carbon materials to obtain meaningful chemical

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• adsorption spectra were recorded on a UV-2550 (Shimadzu, Japan) instrument. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted on a PHA-5400 (SPECS, America) spectrometer. Raman spectra were performed on an In-Via Raman spectroscopy system (Renishaw, England) with excitation laser wavelengths of 532 nm

• [38]. XPS was used to investigate the surface composition of the sample NPLs-2.5-800 and the valence state of the elements. The elements Co, Al, C, O, and N can be clearly observed in the full survey XPS spectrum (Figure 6B). The two characteristic peaks located at 780.8 eV and 796.5 eV in the Co 2p

• spectrum are assigned to the 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 spin–orbit split peaks of Co (II) species, respectively (Figure 6C). Two small peaks at 786.4 eV and 803.5 eV are two satellite peaks of Co (II) species [39]. XPS is sensitive to atoms in the near-surface layer, hence only two weak peaks in Figure 6C ascribed to

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-MS, Optima-5300). It was shown that the content of residual carbon and nitrogen in the powders did not exceed 0.08 and 0.07 wt %, respectively. The NiO nanopowder was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, PHI5500 Versa Probe II) with a monochromatic Al

• a cryosol (Figure 7) shows an highly dispersed crystalline state, which was confirmed by the TEM data (Figure 6a). The broadened reflexes confirm the high dispersity of the CeO2 crystallites. Figure 8 shows the collected XPS spectrum of the NiO nanopowder obtained by using the cryochemical method

• a better-dispersed nanopowder with smaller crystallite size. X-ray diffraction pattern for a CeO2 (JCPDS Card No. 43-1002) nanopowder obtained from a cryosol (XRD-6000 Shimadzu, Japan). Collected XPS spectrum of NiO nanopowders synthesized using the cryochemical method. XPS data for NiO nanopowders

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• tip radius below 10 nm) with a resonant frequency of 312 kHz. To confirm the layer number of the NSs, micro-Raman spectroscopy was performed using a 473 nm laser at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific K-alpha

• indicates the presence of more than three layers of MoS2 [23]. The chemical state of the as-grown samples was investigated by XPS. The Mo 3d, S 2p and O 1s high-resolution core-level spectrum fits are presented in Figure 2b,c. The corresponding data analysis results are given in Table S1 (Supporting

• stored in air for several days before performing the XPS measurements. Thus, the surface-sensitive characterization technique (XPS) shows the dominant presence of the MoS2 phase on the sample surface. Microstructural analysis of the MoS2 NSs In Figure 3, plane-view images of as-grown MoS2 NSs are

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• a strong bonding capacity for S. This will reduce the S losses to the electrolyte, and thus improve the cycling performance of the Li/S battery. In fact, the S–Zn and S–O bonds were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the as-obtained S/ZnO@NCNT composite (Figure 5). In the S 2p

• ]. Regarding the Zn 2p spectrum, the peaks located at 1022.2 and 1045.3 eV are the 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 states, respectively (Figure 5b) [25]. Since Zn–O and Zn–S have a similar XPS bonding energy in the two Zn states, they are not distinguishable in the Zn 2p spectrum. The performance of the as-prepared S/ZnO@NCNT

• such a good performance originates from a strong bonding capacity of the reactive ZnO planes in the composite. As confirmed by the XPS analysis, the exposed active surfaces on ZnO can “hold” a large amount of S species through Zn–S and O–S bonds and therefore contribute to the observed excellent

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• (ammonium nitrate, urea), sulfur (thiourea) and platinum (chloroplatinic acid), coated onto glass substrates by dip-coating, and thermally treated in a muffle furnace to promote crystallization. The resulting thin films were then characterized by various techniques (i.e., TGA-DSC-MS, XRD, BET, XPS, SEM

• dispersions [45]. The prepared samples were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry–mass spectrometry (TGA-DSC-MS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), specific surface area measurements via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• determined by XPS measurements. The platinum in sample S3_N0.5+0.015 M Pt was added as the final layer in the form of chloroplatinic acid by dip-coating. The last number describes molar concentrations of the deposited solution. Thermal analysis The purpose of thermal analysis measurements (TGA-DSC-MS) was to

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• hydrogen titanates depends on the substrates. The TiO2(B) trunk may guide the TiO2 crystallization. The chemical bonding states of the TGN-branch 4 h were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Elements of Ti, C and O have been detected in the XPS survey spectra (Figure 5a). The binding energy of

• 10 mW. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characterization was tested on an ESCA spectrometer (S-Probe ESCA SSX-100S, Fisons Instrument) and monochromatized Al Kα X-ray irradiation. The binding energy was calibrated by using the containment carbon (C 1s = 284.6 eV). The UV–vis diffuse reflectance

• , b) TEM and (c) HRTEM image of sample TGN-branch 4 h. The inset in (b) shows the corresponding SAED pattern. Raman spectra of samples TGN and TGN-branch 4 h recorded over the range of (a) 100–1000 cm−1 and (b) 1000–2000 cm−1. (a) XPS survey spectrum and core level XPS spectra of (b) Ti 2p, (c) C 1s

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), XPS, XRD, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The shape of the SPR peak determined the qualitative characterization of the AgNPs, and the size range of the particles in solution concurred with the HR-TEM images. As can

• sensitivity toward Cu2+ ions. The C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, and Ag 3d peaks originating from the AgNPs surface are shown in the XPS survey spectrum (Figure 2a). The presence of O1s and N1s peaks after centrifugation indicates that the capping with casein peptides through electrostatic interaction was stable and

• and NH2) while the higher binding energy (BE) peak at 402.0 eV corresponds to protonated amino groups [18]. The Ag 3d XPS spectrum (Figure 2b) shows two prominent spin–orbit pairs at 367.6 (Ag 3d5/2) and 373.5 (Ag 3d3/2) eV, separated by 5.9 eV, and a broadening at high BE values also occurred. The

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• , COMSOL simulations, approximation for the resistance of a membrane with conical nanopores, serial repair mechanism, real-time fluorescence microscopy, and XPS analysis of CHF3/CF4-etched sample surfaces before and after thermal annealing. Supporting Information File 86: Additional experimental data

• from a miniemulsion technique on commercial SiN membranes, O. Rettich, and C. Pfahler for studying RIE processes. We thank T. Diemant for the XPS measurements, G. Neusser for operating the FIB, K. Altintoprak, H. Gliemann, C. Wege, and S. Nussberger for fruitful discussions, and the latter one also for

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• /MgO–ZrO2 catalyst. The effect of the presence of MgO in maintaining the stability of the catalyst was clearly exhibited in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, as shown in Figure 5. Based on a study by Fan et al. [52], Figure 5 shows a high binding energy of 531.5 eV. This indicates the

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [8][9], Raman spectroscopy [10], and UV–vis absorption spectra [11][12], reflect the average information of rGO materials. However, they cannot characterize an isolated rGO sheet at the nanoscale. Optical observation [13] and transmission electron

• reduced GO sheets for examples, we aim to evaluate the degree of reduction of individual rGO sheets at the nanoscale using EFS. Results and Discussion The thermal or chemical reduction of GO sheets was verified with XPS, UV–vis absorption spectra, and SPFM, as shown in Figure 1. The sample labels and the

• XPS peak magnitudes for carbon atoms bonded to oxygen have decreased, indicating that most of the oxygen groups have been removed [8][9][20]. From the XPS data, we observed an increase in the ratio of the carbon atoms in aromatic rings (C=C/C–C) to those bonded to oxygen after the chemical reduction

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• to C–C/C–H, C–O–C/C–O and C–OH bonds [28], as expected for the chemical composition of β-CD. The latter two components are different from what is typically observed as adventitious carbon in XPS measurements after transfer through ambient air. Therefore, the resulting signal does not originate mainly

• shift for all energy regions [35], as opposed to what is observed. Since the XPS was not sensitive for the region of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of β-CD, this region was analyzed by UPS. Figure 3f presents the magnification of the low-energy onset of the UP spectra, which allows for

• assumption of a common EF of sample and electron energy analyzer, the photoemission data were used to construct the diagram showing the depth-dependent changes in the electronic structure of the sample (Figure 4). Two main probing depths were distinguished, the XPS sensitivity area at medium TOA, and the He

Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements

• Ying Wang,
• Yue Shen,
• Xingya Wang,
• Zhiwei Shen,
• Bin Li,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 900–906, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.84

• a higher lateral resolution comparable to the conventional AFM modes. The dependence of the adhesion force under a biased AFM tip on the reduction degree of GO was also studied through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments. Figure 4a shows the average adhesion forces of the three

• to 10 V are 13.4 nN and 13.3 nN, respectively, which are very similar and almost five times larger than that of GO. Figure 4b–d shows XPS spectra of single-layered GO, CRGO, and TRGO, respectively, which reveal that the C/O ratios of GO increased from 1:1 to 3.3:1 and 3.2:1 after being chemically and

• samples were processed using the software Nanoscope Analysis v1.7. For each image, a first-order flatten correction was applied to remove sample inclination. The reduction extent of the GO was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, AXIS Ultra DLD, Kratos). Schematic representation of the

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• obtained by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements performed on a PHI 5600 instrument (Physics Electronics Inc.) equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (energy = 1486.6 eV) and a concentric hemispherical analyzer. The spectra were collected at a take-off angle of 45° and a band

• appear well ordered, as only in small regions of the film is possible to clearly recognize ordered planes, suggesting an incomplete crystallization. XPS analysis of the samples annealed at high temperature gives us insights on the off-stoichiometry of the oxide layers induced by the thermal treatment

• ) and O 1s (lower panel) XPS spectra of the CeO2/TiN sample annealed at 600 °C (Figure 4a) and of the CeO2/Si sample annealed at 900 °C (Figure 4b). The Ce 3d peak is characterized by the presence of six distinct satellites, which have been labelled in the figure in accordance with the literature [31

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• maximum at 10–60 nm. The achieved value of the specific surface is rather high in comparison to similar materials based on metal silver [13]. The characteristic nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are given on Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1. The XPS data were applied for analysis of the

• ) Ag2O/NaBH4 1:10. The reducing treatment time was 40 min for both the samples. (e) XRD data for pristine Ag2O (1) and reduction products at double excess of NaBH4 (2) and ten-fold excess of NaBH4 (3). (f) XPS spectra of silver mesoporous particles (mp-Ag) obtained in a Ag2O/NaBH4 1:10 ratio. SEM images

• measurements. 6. XPS survey spectra for mesoporous aggregates. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Dr. Ilya Sinev (Ruhr-Universität Bochum), Prof. Eugene Goodilin, Prof. Vladimir Yu. Traskine, Prof. Elena A. Eremina, Prof. Kirill Napolskii, Dr. Gleb Yu. Alyoshin, Dr. Dmitry I. Petukhov, and our

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• thin polymer film does not affect the morphology. Since Ti clusters were prepared in three different manners, they exhibit different compositions as confirmed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ti NPs of type 1 immediately after the deposition demonstrate the peak at a binding energy

• of 453.7 eV, which corresponds to metallic Ti(O) (Figure 4a). Small contributions of titanium compounds (II, III, IV) to the Ti 2p bands in high-resolution XPS spectra (in total approximately 30%) are most likely due to the surface oxidation of Ti clusters that occurred during their transportation to

• XPS. Keeping the samples in ambient atmosphere leads to further oxidation and the properties of the particles become very similar to those of type 2 (oxidized by plasma immediately after the deposition). This follows from the antibacterial tests described below as well as from the optical

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• were modified with silver and gold by photodeposition, and characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It was found that silver co-existed in zero valent (core) and

• number of ETs) induced the aggregation of NMNPs on its well-crystallized surface (Figure 1 (bottom)). It was found that silver formed smaller NPs than gold, as shown in Figure 1 (left and right, respectively). To investigate the surface properties of the deposited noble metals, XPS analysis was performed

• , and exemplary data are shown in Figure 2. XPS peaks of Au 4f7/2 and Ag 3d5/2 were assigned to two and/or three components, i.e., Auδ+, Au0 and Auδ− for binding energies (BE) of ca. 83.0, 82.5 and 82.0 eV, respectively, and Ag0, Ag+ and Ag2+ for BE of ca. 368.4, 367.4 and 366.3 eV, respectively. It was

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• profile) of the graphene material (MLG) before and (FLG) after heat-treatment in air at 500 °C for 2 h (ca. 10% volume loss of starting mass during heat-treatment). This resulted in the FLG material used in these experiments. The XPS analysis (Table 1) shows that the MLG and FLG materials have similar

• of 40 N/m. Image processing was carried out using the Nanoscope software. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed on a Theta Probe spectrometer (Thermo Electron Co., Germany) using monochromatic Al Kα radiation (photon energy of 15 keV with maximum energy resolution of

• fracture surface of GI composite made from FLG-polymer E. Change in mean compressive fracture strength with increasing graphene concentration. Change in mean compressive modulus with increasing graphene concentration. Chemical composition of MLG and FLG from XPS analysis. The mean dynamic viscosity

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• significant improvement in the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) irradiation as compared to ZnO and BiOI. The obtained catalysts with a Zn/Bi ratio of 3:1 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The band gap structure and charge transfer properties are investigated by XPS in

• , which is significantly improved from the pure BiOI (5.23 cm2/g) and ZnO (16 cm2/g) materials. This may lead ZnO/BiOI to have more active bonding sites than pure BiOI and ZnO, which is beneficial for the photodegradation activity. Chemical state analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried

• out for the chemical composition and valence state analysis of various species. The foreign impurity C at 284.6 eV is used to calibrate peak positions in all the XPS results. High-resolution narrow-scan spectra of O, Bi, Zn and I are also conducted for the study of surface chemical state in detail

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• following [49]. In particular, the catalyst active phases before and after SCR-NH3 reaction are typically characterised by: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) temperature-programmed reduction

• that the active component was highly dispersed onto the TiO2 and CNT surface because the copper oxide was not detectable by XRD measurements. CNTs play a significant role in the catalyst structure, as they promote the distribution of metal oxides. The XPS analysis shows that the intensity peak of Cu

• desorption peaks can be observed in CeO2/CNT-PT, signifying that the amount of NH3 adsorbed on the surface of CeO2/CNT-PT is greater than on CeO2/CNT-IM and CeO2/CNT-PM [80][81]. Meanwhile, the XPS analysis indicates that there was more oxygen surface vacancy in the CeO2/CNT-PT catalyst, thus, enhancing the

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• pronounced after the transfer. For doped graphene (1.11% of nitrogen from XPS data), the D band intensity increases compared to pristine graphene, the second disorder-induced peak (the D’ band) also becomes evident, the G peak position is upshifted by ≈3 cm−1, while the 2D peak is about normal, naturally

• . 2017R1D1A1B03035102 and the International Research and Development program of NRF funded by the MEST (2017R1D1A1B03032759). The authors of this work are grateful to Ivan A. Svito for his help in organizing the experiment, and Prof. L.V. Yashina and Ph.D. Student A. I. Belova for XPS studies of nitrogen-doped graphene

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• of PDA@Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Figure S3 in Supporting Information File 1), were not observed for the aerogel sample [38]. The chemical composition of the samples was studied using XPS. The survey spectra, shown in Figure 5b, revealed the presence of C, O and N (in all the samples), as well as Fe (in

• the addition of carbon-containing polydopamine coating, while differences in the observed amount of Fe were rationalized in terms of surface sensitivity of XPS, resulting in a higher Fe signal when probing Fe3O4 directly and a lower signal when probing the oxide through a PDA coating. The presence of

• Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Bruker Optics, TENSOR 27) equipped with a MCT detector and globar source. The chemical composition of the samples was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The measurements were performed in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber using a