Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• small NPs were obtained. Another reason could be that the rate of the NP growth decreased as well [43][44]. Markedly, the tendency of NP aggregation decreased at a higher flow of the aqueous phase due to the large volume of the aqueous phase, which prevents particle interaction (this was indicated by

• different channel lengths could be observed. According to literature, nanoprecipitation is more linked to nucleation and growth, which consists of three stages: nucleation, growth, and aggregation, as illustrated in Figure 8 [52]. Based on the theoretical description of the mechanism, the particle formation

• is dependent on the time available for growth and agglomeration. Aggregation is assumed to happen after the initial formation and it is assumed to depend on the length of the mixing channel [36]. Therefore, adjusting the length of the mixing channel to only allow for nuclei formation should hinder NP

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• form aggregates, exert variable oxidation states and result in dose-dependent toxicity. Several supports, including silica and carbon, were used to reduce such aggregation. Notably, different types of nanocomposites were reported based on Co, Ni, Mn and Fe over mesoporous carbon capsules [8]. A carbon

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• aggregates (e.g., micelles and vesicles) above their critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The resulting self-assembled nanoparticles can act as drug carriers and delivery systems, being able to accommodate a hydrophobic drug within their hydrophobic core [22], or chemically bind bioactive agents [23][24

• , Table 3). This result may be ascribed to an effect of the different polymer composition on the aggregation kinetics. As general trend, the rate constant k of Con A clustering decreased as the valency increased, and consequently the time to reach half of the maximum turbidity t1/2 increased as the

• /2 was calculated as the time to reach half of the maximum optical density in the OD curve. The first three points of the curve was fit with a straight line and its slope was used to determine the initial rate of Con A aggregation k. Synthetic approach (upper panel), final structure and nomenclature

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• reasonable. Sample preparation As samples, we used 80 nm diameter gold nanospheres commercially available from BBI Solutions, UK. Before use, the nanostructure solution was sonicated for 2 min to avoid particle aggregation. Then, one drop of the solution was placed on polysine slides (Thermo Fisher

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• solid-state calcination results in the aggregation of particles. For S-doping via hydrothermal methods, the precursors were placed in an oven or a muffle furnace and heated to induce the reaction. Although some progress has already been made concerning S-doped TiO2, there are many issues that require

• ratios, reaching a maximum at RS/Ti = 3. This is a result of the different ionic radius of S compared to O and Ti, which are replaced. (2) S-doping changes the morphology of the particles and results in the aggregation of particles; consequently, the specific surface area decreases. (3) S-doping

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• , which contributes to a further increase of the hydrodynamic radius. The mean diameter of the IONP@C4X9OEG8Den materials was larger, namely ≈95 nm and ≈200 nm for X = H and F, respectively, revealing that aggregation occurs in aqueous media due to the hydrophobicity of the end group. Fortunately, this

• IONP samples are well-dispersed with no indication of aggregation. The films of spin-coated DPPC form large monolayer and small bilayer domains (Figure 10a). The profile measured on the magnified image (Figure 10b and Figure 10c) shows that the heights of the monolayer and bilayer are 1.5 ± 0.3 nm and

The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• nanosized dimensions of the basic units. Because the spatial layout is self-driven in contrast to a hetero-directed placement, asymmetric interaction potentials and entropic forces can lead to different aggregation schemes from place to place and across the scales of the generated structures. The control

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• and recorded the evolution of these defects as a function of the time. We observed an exponential decay of the size of the defects and material accumulations, and from this data we determined energy barriers to dissolution and aggregation of approximately 0.9 eV. Keywords: ambient conditions; atomic

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• PVA at concentrations between 2% and 4% (w/v) and controlled injection at mild stirring had previously been shown to produce PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with a diameter below 100 nm [35][36][37]. The hydrophilic PEG chains may sterically stabilise the nanoparticles by reducing PLGA aggregation during

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• becomes almost one at the highest amount of N-CDots (50 µL, blue line). Meanwhile, the PL intensity of the resulting PVP/N-CDot composites drops dramatically as the amount of the N-CDots increases. Such a reduction is expected due to aggregation-induced luminescence quenching (AILQ) [57][58][59], enhanced

• decreases as the N-CDot amount is increased (at fixed amount of red phosphor). This behavior possibly results from aggregation-induced luminescence quenching and enhanced scattering of the light within the composites. In the case of the sample CDR 3, adding more red phosphor at the fixed N-CDots amount

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• limited coalescence. Au-CPMV assemblies were freely suspended; no aggregation was observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful coating of CPMV particles with gold was confirmed by TEM (Figure 1). Nearly spherical NPs were observed the average diameters

• the surface functionalities allows for the use of such particles in biomedical applications. The Au-CPMV particles reported here exhibit excellent stability over at least almost a year. No visible aggregation nor changes in particles size was observed in samples stored at 4 °C. Their surface can be

• clustering and indicating highly monodisperse particles with no aggregation, each dot represents a single particle; (C) representative NTA video frame. Data was recorded from six independent experiments. (A) UV–vis spectrum of 50 nm unconjugated Au-CPMV (green) and antibody-labeled Au-CPMV particles (blue

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• degradation, as indicated by visible aggregation and loss of the extinction peak intensity. At elevated temperatures, the hydrogel cores are in a desolvated state as indicated by the swollen and collapsed architectures shown in Figure 3. Furthermore, a reduction in the overall surface charge distribution is

• , such as formaldehyde, following a seeded-growth method [77]. Figure 4a and Figure 4c confirm that the particles are well-dispersed after nanocapsule growth with no aggregation, and the diameters of 929 ± 42 nm and 920 ± 58 nm were determined for the porous and smooth Ag nanocapsules, respectively

• suspended in 40 mL of water and kept at room temperature. The hydrogel particles showed no signs of visible aggregation, and their size (≈800 nm in diameter) was controlled by adjusting the amount of initiator and the reaction time. Attachment of THPC gold seeds to pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel particles. For the

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• aggregation, leading to increased catalyst lifetime and performance [5]. Yet, immobilisation further complicates nanoparticle design by introducing surface–nanoparticle interactions, which have been shown to have a significant influence on the catalytic efficacy [6]. Commonly, the supports used are porous

• , which allows the nanoparticle to be deposited, and yet sufficiently isolated from other particles, to hinder aggregation. Of the wide range of supports utilised in the literature, micro- and meso-porous species are the most common [7][8][9][10]. Microporous materials can achieve high levels of control

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• rheological properties. The crystal structure remained unchanged (Figure 3E) and no obvious aggregation or precipitation was observed. Also, the microtopography of the hydrogel exhibited no obvious changes (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• solution. The addition of appropriate organic solvents to the oligomerization system was found to result in well-grown nanoribbon networks. The organic solvents appeared to prevent irregular aggregation and subsequent precipitation of the nanosheets via solvation for further growth into the well-grown

• viscosity and depletion repulsion, which prevented the nanosheet-shaped lamellar crystals from aggregation and subsequent precipitation, enabling the formation of well-grown nanoribbon networks. On the other hand, the organic solvents used in this study were small molecules, indicating a different mechanism

• showed that organic solvents provided control over the oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose oligomers. The organic solvents with relatively high β-values prevented the irregular aggregation of the particulate nanostructures for the formation of well-organized higher-order structures. The

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). This behavior is probably related to the fact that size and aggregation state of the LDH nanoparticles increase with the LDH content in the nanoarchitecture, slowing down the kinetics of the process. The measured release after 8 h of contact with water varies

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• nm and 293 nm, respectively. This result suggests a H-like aggregation of NCLG molecules through π–π stacking. CD spectroscopy is considered to be a useful technique to monitor the supramolecular assembly. Consequently, distinct CD signals were obtained for the assemblies of the three NCLG molecules

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• applications, such as aggregation of nanoparticles in different parts of the body [9]. Hence, the study of this kind of interactions is of particular importance, both from a practical and a fundamental point of view. Recently, Muscas et al. [1] studied the magnetic behavior of mixed cobalt–nickel and pure

• ) – 1]1/2 were determined using the fit parameters D0 and σ and are given in Table 1. The obtained values of ⟨D⟩SEM are larger than those obtained from the XRD patterns, which could be attributed to aggregation of the nanoparticles due to the presence of magnetic interactions between nanoparticles. The

• and Henkel plots are shown in Figure. 12. The interaction field increases with increasing cobalt content, which can be related to the particle size and the larger magnetic moment of bigger nanoparticles [13][47]. The particle aggregation visible in FE-SEM images shows that the particles are

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• ) shows that the structural integrity of the filter paper was not affected by the deposition process. With increasing reaction time, the particle size increased gradually; and excessive reaction time resulted in much larger particle sizes and obvious aggregation of the silver particles, as seen for the

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• nanoparticles are always bigger by at least 5 nm than the stoichiometric ones. The dependence of the NP size on x is still poorly understood, and it would be interesting to investigate it. But at this stage of our study we only noticed it, with the aim of elucidating it in further experiments. Aggregation From

• . This observation has been made after syntheses with TetEG and TriEG, and after drop casting the same quantity of NPs under the same conditions. In the sub-stoichiometric series, Co-0.67-TriEG-3 NPs exhibit the highest degree of aggregation. Magnetic properties Standard magnetometry has been carried out

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• morphologies, to immobilize these types of nanoparticles mainly plays a role in i) the control of their size and size distribution on the solid surface, ii) the mitigation or suppression of the nanoparticle aggregation, and iii) the hierarchical design for selectivity enhancements in the catalytic

• the particle size and the size distribution of the growing NPs; ii) to immobilize the NPs either on the external surface or within nanoscale spaces, e.g., pores and intracrystalline cavities; iii) to diminish/to avoid NPs aggregation; iv) to suppress the NPs dissolution; v) to yield stable suspensions

• (G) montmorillonite and (H) sepiolite clay minerals. TEM images of (A) ZnO NPs on montmorillonite with nanocrystal aggregation; reprinted with permission from [85], copyright 2004 American Chemical Society; (B) TiO2@HNTs nanoarchitecture showing the titania NP assembled inside the lumen of the

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• , because superparamagnetic particles behave as nonmagnetic materials in the absence of a magnetic field, and consequently, aggregation of the nanoparticles induced by magnetic forces is minimized. Heparin-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles The role of the heparin layer is to isolate the inorganic core from the

• decreased from 91 to 60 nm, the polydispersity (PD) decreased from 0.33 to 0.18, and the absolute value of the ζ-potential increased from 48 to 60 mV (Table 3). The decrease in the Dh and PD values indicated that heparin served as a good stabilizer of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, hindering their aggregation

• aggregation, which is associated with limitation of accessible surface, can also influence the final antioxidant activity [31]. Cellular uptake of the nanoparticles To determine the effect of the phenolic compound-modified nanoparticles on modulating intracellular ROS levels, the amount of the cell-associated

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• seen that the diameter of the dispersed nanoparticles is about 100 nm, and the aggregation of the nanoparticles are caused by the magnetic properties of the FNOPs. Figure 4d and 4e show the results observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the measurement scales are 200 and 100 nm

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• electrolyte-induced aggregation of the nanoparticles, demonstrated by a decrease in the plasmon absorption at 520 nm. Gold nanoparticles with a ligand shell incorporating 5% (mol/mol) FluPep ligand had a very similar resistance to ligand exchange with DTT as the control mixed-matrix-protected gold

• nanoparticles. Their aggregation parameter was unchanged up to 5 mM DTT, even after 48 h incubation (Figure 1B,C). At 10 mM DTT after 48 h there was some evidence for ligand exchange, as the aggregation parameter was above 1.0 and at 25 mM DTT the ligand shell was clearly compromised. Nanoparticles

• ligand exchange than their gold counterparts. Thus, after 3 h and 6 h in 50 mM DTT a small increase in aggregation parameter was apparent (Figure 5B). After 24 h and 48 h, the aggregation parameter started to rise at 3 mM DTT, which was most pronounced at 48 h. Whereas an increase in aggregation