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Search for "contact" in Full Text gives 1233 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63
- exposed to tartronic and dihydroxymalonic acid. However, a color change from yellow to reddish-brown was observed for the nanoceria in contact with ascorbic acid, as previously observed [53]. Nanoceria agglomerates completely dissolved in ascorbic acid within 1000 h. Ascorbic acid dissolution-accompanied
In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62
- performance of the electrode (432.3 mAh·g−1 at a specific current of 5000 mA·g−1) are attributed to the enhancement in distribution and chemical contact between Ge nanoparticles and the biomass-based carbon matrix. A comparison with other synthesis routes has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of
- contact formation during in situ synthesis. Keywords: Ge anode; in situ synthesis; lithium-ion batteries; magnesiothermic reduction; Introduction The significantly increasing energy consumption leads to the exhaustion of fossil fuel sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, there are
- GeO2 and biomass-derived carbon as precursor. A series of experiments using other methods to combine Ge and biomass carbon was also conducted for comparison. The in situ synthesized electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance in lithium storage. This is attributed to a better contact
Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59
- of the atomic force microscope (AFM) for the evaluation of the surface potential with nanometric resolution. KPFM is a valuable investigative approach for the study of work functions via the measurement of the contact potential difference VCPD, that is, the difference between the electrostatic
- 600 °C. Note that the GaInAsP:Zn layer is an intermediate layer with a doping concentration of 6 × 1018 cm−3 with the purpose to smooth the InP:Zn/GaInAs:Zn transition bandgap and to reduce contact resistances. Finally, a GaInAs:Zn contact layer was made at a lower temperature of 580 °C in order to
- misleading VCPD value [14]. Kelvin probe force microscopy The following KPFM experimental procedures closely follow those described in [12]. KPFM evaluates the contact potential difference (VCPD) between the surface of metallic and semiconductive samples and a conductive AFM tip, which at equilibrium can be
Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50
- mouth opening. By altering the parameters, it was unraveled that the system performs best when the long and short setae have different mechanical properties and different degrees of adhesion since the long setae generate the feeding current and the short ones establish the contact with the particle
- . The second mechanism involves structures manipulating the water flow (e.g., setae and tentacles) that redirect the food particles and lead them to specialized structures that contact and capture them. A good example for the latter mechanism are the filtering setae of crustaceans (for in-depth reviews
- to establish contact with the particles by inertial impaction and capture and transport them to the mouth opening [14][15][16][17][18]. These interactions (i.e., making contact with and handling of or manipulating particles) were previously documented in detail through observation under a binocular
Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49
- wider cross section at the knee. In the extreme cases towards 90° kink angle, the straight portions of the wire nearly contact each other and the result is a rather short, nearly straight wire with a large wire attached perpendicularly at the middle. As such, results for values above 65° of kink should
- along the surface in low specularity systems seems reasonable, as the possibility of random reflection on contact with the surface would naturally lead to a reduction of flux in the direction of initial flow after reflection. Specular reflections result in less overall change of direction of the flux
SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46
- atomic force microscope (AFM) (NT-MDT, Moscow, Russia) in non-contact mode using the approach described previously [37]. The silver layers were removed randomly on the sample to form a sharp edge for measurement of height (layer thickness). AFM measurements were carried out in three different areas on
Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44
- contact mode. AC160TS silicon cantilevers from Olympus with a typical spring constant of k ≈ 46 N/m, a nominal radius of curvature of r ≈ 7 nm, and a resonant frequency of ω0 ≈ 300 kHz were employed. Heat flow and weight changes of selected solvents were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA
- . Further details can be found in Supporting Information File 1. Electronic tongue mechanism Figure 4a shows the behavior of a liquid as a function of the time as it gets in contact with the transducer. Initially, the composite is dry, at a constant temperature, and traversed by a constant current (red part
- produced by the impinging liquid drops over the heated surface of the transducer. The temperature change and the heat flow produced by the liquid as it gets in contact with the heated surface were estimated by dripping a liquid (of about 6.5 µL) into an empty crucible kept at 55 °C inside a
Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43
- sol–gel methods, as well as pre-synthesised yolk–shell bionanohybrids have been studied subsequently. Optical microscopy and SEM confirm that the silica shell microstructures provide a reduced contact between cells. The inorganic matrix increases the survival of the cells and maintains their
- bioactivity. Thus, the encapsulation efficiency is improved compared to the approach using a direct contact of cells in a silica matrix. Encapsulated yeast produced ethanol over a period of several days, pointing out the useful biocatalytic potential of the approach and suggesting further optimization of the
- the stress imposed by the direct contact with the silica matrix. Cells in interaction with, but not strongly confined by, the matrix quickly start to divide and to proliferate in pseudofilamentous structures [42] that tend to colonize the free space present in the highly porous regions of the silica
The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41
- related to the superhydrophobicity of their body surface, as an adaptation of an aquatic insect to the subaerial life at the adult stage. Indeed, leg scales with their nanostructures are able to entrap air [11][12][13] and play an important role in contact with water during egg laying, giving the mosquito
Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36
- hydrophobic. The contact angle measurements revealed that the contact angles of the filter paper coated with DPP-H, DPP-DCV, and DPP-INCN were 123.9°, 113.4°, and 131.8°, respectively. In contrast, the contact angle of the bare filter paper remained at approx. 0°. These results suggest that coating the DPP
- conventional floating membranes. This is because PTMs are in most cases in contact with the bulk water. Moreover, 3D photothermal evaporators have superior properties to their 2D counterparts because solar steam evaporation can be facilitated by the increased surface area. Note that 3D evaporators enable
- observations (Figure 12a). These materials can stably float at the air–water interface (Figure 12b). The water contact angle of the bulk materials was as high as 130° without any surface modification (Figure 12c). Hydrophobic foams are considered to have advantages over hydrophilic foams, such as a greater
Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33
- in semiconductors in the NIR–mid-IR region is possible when the free carrier concentrations lies between 1016 and 1019 cm−3 [54]. As an example of how the free electron density influences the plasmon resonance when materials with different work functions are combined, metals in contact with
Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26
Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22
- film S that is in contact with a ferromagnetic insulator layer FI. Spin current and induced magnetization are calculated not only at the interface of the S/FI hybrid structure, but also inside the superconducting film. The new and interesting predicted effect is the frequency dependence of the induced
- perturbations produced by the spin current and induced magnetization inside the superconducting film in contact with a ferromagnetic insulator layer with precessing magnetization. Distributions of spin current and induced magnetization originating from the dynamic proximity effect in aluminium were recently
High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18
- known as a method that can measure the contact potential difference (CPD) between a tip and a sample with high spatial resolution [4][5]. KPFM is based on the detection of the electrostatic force between a tip and a sample using atomic force microscopy (AFM) [6][7][8]. CPD and topographic measurements
Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiOx branches
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14
- drop inside and get in contact with the exposed Si substrate, as marked in Figure 4c. The outer SiOx NWs can be decomposed by the Si substrate, and the core particle consisting of Au and Ni can get in direct contact with the substrate. Thus, Au–Si droplets and Ni silicide can form due to the easy
Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13
- coupling was proven in doubly clamped beams, square membranes and circular membranes [18][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For atomic force microscopy imaging, a slight angle between the sensing mechanical resonator and the sample of interest is required, ensuring that the only contact occurs between the sample
Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12
- on a sapphire substrate via physical vapour deposition (PVD). After this, two separate AFMs are used to machine channels in the silver film to create the desired constriction, which in this case measures 10 μm. The tip of the AFM is held at a set loading force in contact with the thin metal film and
- setup used to perform such measurements. An Adama NM-RC probe (spring constant: 290.3 N/m, nominal resonance frequency: 814 kHz) has been used in contact mode to scan the topography of an electrically modulated sample with a loading force of 1.9 μN. This particular probe is intended for use in
- diamond with a tip radius of 10 ± 5 nm. The deflection sensitivity of the probe was measured to be 81.09 nm/V. To perform an SJEM measurement, a sinusoidal voltage is applied to the metallic element. The surface of the element is then scanned with an AFM in contact mode. Contact mode was selected in this
Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11
- Attenuance measurements (OD600, i.e., OD at 600 nm), performed on microbial suspensions in contact with the functionalized textiles after 1, 3, 6, and 24 h of immersion, are plotted in Figure 10. For both E. coli and C. albicans microorganisms, control cultures (without any textile or with silver-free
- fungicidal effect. This is similar to the efficacy of acetic acid and can be classified as slightly fungicidal [53][54]. The inhibition rate of microorganism growth was determined from the OD600nm measurements, for suspensions in contact with 3 wt % and 5 wt % AgNO3-loaded samples. The results are presented
- , which may limit the interactions with silver in comparison to Gram-positive bacteria, that exhibit a peptidoglycan layer directly in contact with the surrounding medium. Similar to Gram-positive bacteria, C. albicans exhibits an external cell wall, in direct contact with the surrounding medium, which
Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9
- -electron bolometers, with photon NEP of 1.1 × 10−16 W/Hz(1/2), achieved by replacing one of two single superconductor–insulator–normal (SIN) tunnel junctions with a single superconductor–normal (SN) contact [21]. Proposing a new type of cold electron bolometers with traps and hybrid superconducting
Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8
- be in contact with it for 30 to 60 s to ensure optimal coverage. Then the sample is rinsed again in DI water to remove loose flakes and residual surfactant. An in-depth discussion of this procedure can be found in [24]. AFM measurements were performed on a Park XE-70 microscope, in intermittent
- contact mode using commercial silicon probes (MikroMasch, HQ:NSC35/AlBs or HQ:NSC36/AlBs). For each sample, nine different 5 μm × 5 μm fields were chosen at random and scanned at 0.5 Hz with 500 pixels/line (lateral resolution of 10 nm/pixel). Image processing (line and plane corrections) and flake
Cooper pair splitting controlled by a temperature gradient
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.7
- integrals are taken over the contact areas , and tr(x) denote coordinate- and spin-independent tunneling amplitudes. Let us denote the probability for N1 and N2 electrons to be transferred, respectively, through the junctions 1 and 2 during the observation time t as Pt(N1,N2). Introducing the so-called
- the importance of CAR processes in this limit, see also Figure 4. Yet another important physical limit is realized provided the contact has the form of a short diffusive wire with the corresponding Thouless energy exceeding the superconducting gap Δ. In this diffusive limit the transmission
Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4
- and device fabrication [13][14]. Nevertheless, pattern resolution and reproducibility in contact printing approaches are affected by several factors, most notably the ink molecule lateral diffusion, gas phase transportation, and rubber stamp deformation [15][16]. These are unavoidable issues in soft
- master mold is placed in contact with the SAM, which initiates a covalent bonding between stamp surface siloxyl groups and alkanethiol hydroxy tails. Removal of the stamp from the SAM-covered surface lifts off alkanethiol molecules at the contact region, and thus circumventing the lateral diffusion issue
- placed in the gap between the supporting substrate and a capping layer [43][44][45]. On the other hand, capillary force can induce the formation of nanochannel gaps when a structural top layer is brought into contact with the bottom surface [43]. Through these techniques, structures that are at the
The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3
- problem of obtaining clearly separated contact layers is highly relevant. Using simulations, it was demonstrated that optimization of the nanofilm interface can be obtained either by introducing additional intermediate thin layers neutral to the original composition, such as aluminum oxide, or by
Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1
- molecular dynamics simulations the process of capturing and collecting water in a functionalized carbon nanocone. The process is analyzed in a system in which the larger diameter of the cone is in contact with a vapor reservoir and the smaller diameter is in contact with an initially empty reservoir. The
- idea of combining thermostats to produce vapor is not new. It has already been used to reproduce water evaporation and condensation [45][46]. In contact with the carbon slab on region 1, there is a carbon nanocone constructed by cutting the apex angle, as illustrated in Figure 3. This nanocone has a
- mesh method. Periodic boundary conditions were applied along the x- and y-directions, and non-periodic boundary conditions were applied along the z-direction (see Figure 1). Results and Discussion Figure 1 illustrates the analyzed system, composed of a water vapor reservoir in contact with the base of
Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133
- resistivity follows for higher annealing energies. The resistivity variation can be explained by the behavior of the metal–semiconductor contact and the effect of laser annealing on the structural defects of the surface. The inclusion of a thin metal film with low resistivity and the reduction of grain
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