Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• , molecular nanoelectronics beyond current silicon-based device technologies can be realized. It also provides new scientific opportunities, such as measuring electrical conduction in structurally perfect one-dimensional materials and analyzing the propagation mechanism of chain polymerization. Thus, various

• reversibly terminated by C60 fullerene molecules (Figure 4). First, the Au probe was positioned at the target Br atom site. Then, when the bias voltage was swept, an abrupt change in the tunneling current was detected. As a result, the bromine atoms disappeared from the molecule and the C–Br bonds in the

• boron site embedded at the center of the graphene nanoribbon was investigated. Si atoms were removed by vertical manipulation with a tip (Figure 5). In this manipulation, the tip was positioned at a silicon site and then moved closer to the silicon atoms while recording the tunneling current. After the

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• the surface of nickel foam. The chronoamperometric graph recorded during the deposition is presented in Figure 1a. Each synthesis (except that of GO) began with a fast increase of the cathodic current, which is associated with the formation of the new catalyst phase on the surface of the substrate [25

• ]. Afterwards, the current density tended to stabilize for NiFe and CoNiFe, which may be associated with the steady-state formation of the catalyst film on the metallic surface. The addition of cobalt to NiFe resulted in a lower overall current density during the synthesis process. In the case of the deposition

• of NiFe and CoNiFe on GO/nickel foam, the specific current density peak appeared after around 8 s and 20 s of the deposition for CoNiFe-GO and NiFe-GO, respectively. Because the metallic films were deposited on the surface of nickel foam already modified with GO, the peak may be associated with the

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• prior to making the final choice. We conclude with a broad perspective on current research, challenges that remain to be solved, as well as prospects in terms of material design and deployment for better exploitation of such nanostructures for PT energy conversion. 2 Plasmonics in PT conversion Of the

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• used to investigate the specificity of nanoparticles to the glioblastoma multiforme cancer cells in the current study. ARPE19 cells as a part of the central nervous system were also used as the non-cancer cell (control). In addition, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized Ag NPs was tested

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• overview of the current status and outline important concerns regarding the need for standardized protocols to evaluate NP uptake, NP transfection efficacy, drug dose determination, and variability of nonviral gene delivery systems. Based on these concerns, we propose wide adherence to multimodal

• due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the breathtaking acceptance of mRNA-based vaccines [15]. Following the spirit of MIRIBEL, the current perspective was written with two specific aims in mind. First is to provide an overview of current concerns regarding aspects of NP uptake, transfection efficiencies

• studies. Regardless of the uptake pathway, the current understanding of how NPs induce endosomal escape lags behind and is limited by the current techniques used to detect it. Thus, new and accurate endosomal escape assays are required to understand the relationship between NP composition and endosomal

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• , and they are more rounded in capillaries and venules. Their shape is related to the speed of blood flowing through the vessels, where the rapid current stimulates cell elongation [9]. Furthermore, there are primary cilia on the surface of endothelial cells, which act as mechanoreceptors. Cilia pick up

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• people live in water-stressed countries, according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020), and it is anticipated that this situation will get worse in some areas because of the increased industrial discharge of contaminated water, population growth, and climate change [1]. According to current

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, cancer cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles show improved effectiveness and efficiency in combination with current diagnostic and therapeutic methods, which will contribute to the development of individualized treatments. This strategy has promising

• Application of cancer cell membrane-encapsulated NPs Regarding current therapies, patients respond differently to the same treatment because of different degrees of disease progression and individual differences and inevitably suffer from a certain degree of toxicity and side effects. Therefore, it is

• targeting disease-related CD4 T cells. The NPs exhibited efficient suppression of the inflammatory environment and promoted homeostasis of the immune system, which shows promise for clinical translation. 4 Combining current therapeutics with cancer cell membrane-encapsulated NPs With the ongoing exploration

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• genetic alterations leading to drug resistance. Further, an emphasis will be put on the developmental challenges of targeted nanomedicines for the co-delivery of therapeutic agents to lung tumors. Finally, current approaches in literature used to design nanotools loaded with logical combinations of

• different drugs and inhibitors of various oncogenic pathways to fight NSCLC resistance are covered. Review EGFR mutations and current problems in NSCLC treatment The main reasons behind the limited success of TKI monotherapy in the suppression of lung cancer growth for an extended period are tumor

• and safety of the current therapy for lung cancer treatment. Co-delivery of combined therapeutic agents at the right time and at the right place using smart nanotools to exert a simultaneous effect on multiple signaling pathways, leading to the avoidance or combating of resistance as well as the

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• Yaroslav V. Turkin Nataliya Pugach HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol 295007 10.3762/bjnano.14.22 Abstract The main goal of the present work is the description of the dynamics of spin current and induced magnetization inside a superconducting

• film S that is in contact with a ferromagnetic insulator layer FI. Spin current and induced magnetization are calculated not only at the interface of the S/FI hybrid structure, but also inside the superconducting film. The new and interesting predicted effect is the frequency dependence of the induced

• ways of spin current injection into a superconductor, for example, the spin Hall effect [5], the spin Seebek effect [6], and ferromagnetic resonance spin pumping [7][8]. The spin pumping technique in hybrid structures consisting of a ferromagnetic insulator and a superconductor is considered to be the

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• recorded using a rotating electrode with an RRDE ring [42]. The number of electron was calculated as: while the amount of hydrogen peroxide was calculated from the equation: where ID is the disc current, IR is the ring current, and η is the electrode collection coefficient. The results of RRDE measurements

• formed high-quality suspensions. However, the used C-11 carbon support affected the suspension quality of materials C and D as they tended to sediment after a longer period. Based on the results of the disc current density measurement (Figure 5a), it can be concluded that materials C and D, made from the

• C-11 carbon support, show the weakest performance. This observation is also evidenced by the lowest onset (Eonset = 0.865 V) and half-wave (E1/2 = 0.640 V) potential values for material D (Table 2), limiting the current density and activities of the catalysts, assessed via RRDE experiments

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• similar to a microstrip patch antenna. However, it is biased by a dc current distributed over the whole area of the junction. The oscillating electric field is generated internally via the ac-Josephson effect. In this work, I present a distributed, active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator. It

• takes into account the internal Josephson electrodynamics and allows for the determination of the effective input resistance, which couples the Josephson current to cavity modes in the transmission line formed by the junction. The model provides full characterization of Josephson oscillators and

• magnetic field, Hy, introduces a chain of Josephson vortices (fluxons) in the JJ. The dc bias current, Ib, exerts a Lorentz force, FL, and causes a unidirectional fluxon motion. Upon collision with the junction edge, the fluxons annihilate. The released energy produces an EMW pulse, which is partially

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• promising materials, such as conductive fibers [6], phase change fibers [7], antistatic fibers [8], and antibacterial fibers [9]. Therefore, the batch preparation of high-performance functional nanofibers by electrospinning has become a current research hotpot [10]. The properties of spinning solutions used

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• in Equation 4, and presented in Figure 3c. With the current setup we achieved a coupling rate of 37.1 Hz. Deviations from the linear fit line starting from the origin are a direct consequence of the approximation. It forgoes the interference between the hybridized modes around the original

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• computational methods to characterise the response of this system. First, an enhanced surface plasmon resonance experiment in a classical Kretschmann configuration is used to measure the changes in the reflectivity induced by an alternating electric current. A lock-in amplifier is used to extract the dynamic

• changes in the far-field reflectivity resulting from Joule heating. A clear modulation of the materials’ optical constants can be inferred from the changed reflectivity, which is highly sensitive and dependent on the input current. The changed electrical permittivity of the active element is due to Joule

• layer of silver. Applying a current through the silver layer results in increased heating at the constriction due to the reduced cross section. Consequently, given the dependence of the materials electric permittivity on temperature, the optical response will change locally. In this work, we have

Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• magnetic proximity effect at a ferromagnetic–insulator–superconductor (FIS) interface was investigated through combined experimental and theoretical work [25]. Manifestations of nonlinear features in magnetic dynamics and current–voltage characteristics of the 0 Josephson junction in superconductor

Cooper pair splitting controlled by a temperature gradient

• Dmitry S. Golubev and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.7

• -superconducting multiterminal structures cross correlations of current noise in different terminals always remain negative [19], such cross correlations may become positive in the presence of superconductivity due to the process of CAR. This conclusion was initially reached theoretically in the limit of low

• recent work [28]. Usually, an interplay between positive and negative cross correlations of current noise in NSN devices can be controlled and tuned by applying external bias voltages. In this work we suggest another way of controlling Cooper pair splitting: We predict and investigate non-trivial

• cumulant generating function (χ1,χ2) by means of the formula with χ1,2 being the counting fields, one can express the average currents through the junctions , and the current–current correlation functions in the following form The cumulant generating function in Equation 5 be evaluated in a general form

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• properties have been analyzed by electrical resistance measurements using a standard four-probe technique in a Cryogenic Ltd. CFM9T cryogen-free system. The microstrips were biased with a current of Ib = 10 μA. During the measurements, the error on the temperature value was less than 10 mK. The

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• parameters, D, H, W, and the elastomer’s Young’s modulus [40][46]. In current experimental setups, D and H are used to tune the formation of self-collapse-induced structural gaps, but it is reasonable to assume that both W and the elastomer stamp’s physical properties would have impacted the result as well

• concept on advancing current CLL process resolution through straightforward experimental designs, i.e., interfacial gap creation. To demonstrate the gap manipulation on CLL process capability improvements, a lowered stamp feature height is employed while other structural parameters are fixed. PDMS stamps

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• additional processing means, such as mechanical alignment and intensive substrate cooling. The stage of experimental studies of the sample structure is necessary to identify the real structure of the nanocomposite and to compare the data with previously obtained simulation results. This current work is aimed

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• formation of standing waves at the electrode/substrate interface. We observe that resonant steps in the current–voltage characteristics appear above some threshold number of junctions, Nth ≈ 100, and then progressively enhance in amplitude with further increment of the number of junctions in the resistive

• profound step structure in the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The resonances are caused by the formation of surface plasmon-type standing waves at the electrode–substrate interface [34]. Thus, the electrodes themselves act as a common external resonator, facilitating the effective indirect coupling

• steps with small separation in voltage. The linear array, Figure 1d, exhibits several evenly spaced steps. The I–V characteristics are hysteretic, with the retrapping current being significantly smaller than the switching current. The hysteresis leads to a metastability, which allows for the observation

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• positive direction. Large anodic and cathodic currents were observed at around 3.75 and 0.75 V, respectively. Considering their potential positions, the current can be attributed to the oxidation and reduction of Ti ions in the solid electrolyte [16]. The redox potential of Ti ions can be estimated to be

• about 2.3 V (vs Li/Li+). During the initial potential sweep from 3.2 to 5 V, the anodic current was negligibly small. This is because Ti ions around the Au electrode had not been reduced, thus prohibiting further oxidation of Ti ions. After that, when the potential was swept from 5 to 0 V in the

• negative direction, a cathodic current due to the reduction of Ti ions started to flow at around 2.8 V (vs Li/Li+). KPFM measurements were performed in the region across the solid electrolyte (Figure 1a). Figure 3a and Figure 3b display the topography and CPD images, respectively, obtained when 0 V was

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• mechanical stress is applied. In this work, the transport properties of thin-film layered lead–PDP–lead structures were experimentally studied in a wide temperature range. At sufficiently high temperatures, the current voltage characteristics are satisfactorily described in terms of the injection model of

• system. Relatively recently it was found that finite electric current can pass also through non-conjugated polymers. In the ground state they are wide-band dielectrics, but can exhibit high electric conductivity under the influence of such external parameters as mechanical stress and/or electric field [1

• cryogenic temperatures, the current value from 0.1 to 100 μA was chosen so that its increase by an order of magnitude would not lead to a noticeable shift in the temperature of the superconducting phase transition. All experiments were carried out in a 4He direct pumped cryostat. The semiconducting

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• efficiency. Through a comparison of MoS2/TNAs and g-C3N4/TNAs, it was found that TNAs modified with MoS2 and g-C3N4 exhibited a current density of, respectively, 210.6 and 139.6 μA·cm−2 at an overpotential of 1.23 V vs RHE, which is 18.2 and 12 times higher than that of pure TNAs under the same conditions

• electron–hole recombination [55]. PEC characterizations of materials Figure 6 shows the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves, Tafel slopes, and the photo-response of the samples. Figure 6a shows that the current density of all materials is grows linearly with the applied potential under visible-light

• excitation. The onset potentials of the of TNAs, g-C3N4, and MoS2 are 0.08, 0.16, and 0.14 V vs RHE, respectively. Further, for the OER (1.23 V vs RHE), the current densities of TNAs, g-C3N4, and MoS2 are 11.5, 4.2, and 31.2 µA/cm2, respectively. The onset potential values of g-C3N4/TNAs and MoS2/TNAs are

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• cyclic voltammograms show that incorporating TiO2 with the MWCNTs leads to a decrease in the electrical double layer, thereby facilitating the electron transfer rate in the TiO2@MWCNTs electrode. Moreover, the current density of the photoelectrochemical electrode formed by TiO2@MWCNTs under solar

• naturally luminous emittance. The relation of current and potential is recorded under dark (D) and light (L) conditions corresponding to the sunlight intensity below 10 lux and around 100 lux. Photoelectrochemical water splitting performance experiments are carried out under natural sunlight using a two

• , MWCNTs, and TiO2@MWCNTs electrodes as working electrodes in 0.1 M KCl electrolyte at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s. In Figure 8a, oxidation and reduction peaks are not observed in the CVs in the scanned potential range from −1.0 to +0.2 V. In the CV of the TiO2 electrode, the current decreases significantly at