In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ca-modified rutile TiO₂(110) in bulk water

• Giulia Serrano,
• Beatrice Bonanni,
• Tomasz Kosmala,
• Marco Di Giovannantonio,
• Ulrike Diebold,
• Klaus Wandelt and
• Claudio Goletti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 438–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.44

• (110) surface, and correspond to the 1 × 1 termination as shown in Figure 1a. Marked streaks appear along the columns of spots aligned in the direction, indicating the lack of in-phase correlation as a consequence of some degree of disorder in this direction. This is likely related to oxygen

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• Paralysis Agitans is a type of neurodegenerative disorder that affects one in every 100 persons above the average age of 65 years [10]. This disease, which affects the central nervous system, was first reported by Dr. James Parkinson in 1817 and was documented as “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” [11]. A

• . All of the spectra revealed the presence of a radial breathing mode (RBM) and two characteristic bands of SWCNTs: the D-band (disorder-induced mode) was observed at 1342 cm−1 and the G-band (graphitic-like mode) was displayed at 1575 cm−1 for SWCNT–COOH and 1579 cm−1 for SWCNT–LD [18]. The RBM of the

• SWCNTs is a low frequency mode generated by the synchronous movement of the carbon atoms in the radial direction [19] and can be observed at 155 and 264 cm−1. The D-band is attributed to the non-crystalline quality of the carbon structures, due to defects or disorder content in the CNTs [20], whereas the

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• preparation, the nanotubes can have a wide range of disorder, diameters, lengths, and degrees of bundling, factors which may all affect the measurement. The second difference, on the other hand, is the complication that samples of SWCNTs typically contain a mixture of semiconducting and metallic tubes, and

• measurements on multiwalled nanotubes as surveyed by Schiessling et al., who reported the same position of the C 1s line as for graphite but a larger FWHM at 0.63 eV [82]. However, they attributed this at least partly to remaining disorder or impurities even in the best samples, and cited a number of other

Bright photoluminescence from ordered arrays of SiGe nanowires grown on Si(111)

• D. J. Lockwood,
• N. L. Rowell,
• A. Benkouider,
• A. Ronda,
• L. Favre and
• I. Berbezier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2498–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.259

• opposed to the usual alloy disorder effect resulting in a breakdown in the wave vector selection rules. Using the results obtained from the fits to the sample with the strongest PL (sample (C)), the NW TA and TO phonon energies are found to be 15.7 (1.8) and 57.8 (0.6) meV, respectively, which agree very

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• structure of carbon nano-onions [10][12][20][21]. Typically, two broad Raman bands can be readily observed in the area between 1300 and 1600 cm−1 (Figure 2). The D-band at around 1350 cm−1 resembles structural disorder due to the presence of sp3 carbons, while the G-band at around 1580 cm−1 corresponds to

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• Arrhenius plot for the S-BPP network in Figure 5b. One should point out that the transport measurements per se do not present a conclusive evidence of disorder-enhanced conductivity of nanoparticles networks. However, the combination of Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements favours such a model

• , proposing a new approach for understanding how disorder can impact the transport properties in molecular junctions. Additional calculations will be required to extend our hypothesis of fluctuations-enhanced transport between particles, taking into account the percolation character of transport in

• electrical properties of the S-BPP networks, which shows a clear deviation from Arrhenius behaviour above 220 K. Hence, our work suggests that the conductance behaviour of molecule–nanoparticle arrays can be tuned as an indicator of dynamical disorder in these structures, which can be a prerequisite to

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• developed [27]. Enormous efforts that will involve ab initio methods and take into account interatomic (including electronic) interactions will be necessary to improve the situation. Lower limit: the concept of representative volume (with a focus on the region of disorder) It was pointed out [27] that a

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• graphite exhibits two characteristic Raman modes, namely the G-band, due to the presence of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms at 1585 cm−1 and the 2D band at a higher frequency of around 2725 cm−1. In addition, functionalized graphene sheets exhibit a new band, the so-called disorder D-band at around 1350 cm−1

Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering

• Hind Kadiri,
• Serguei Kostcheev,
• Daniel Turover,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel,
• Komla Nomenyo,
• Anisha Gokarna and
• Gilles Lerondel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.132

• with pitches higher than 7, i.e., for 10 pitches and 20 pitches, a disorder in the arrangement of the PS beads is observed as seen in Figure 3c and Figure 3d. The boundaries between the different grain orientations are clearly recognizable. This disorder increases with an increasing distance between

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• methodological approaches for the manipulation of nerve cells by an external magnetic field can open new possibilities in disorder treatment. Methods based on the remote manipulation of magnetic nanoparticle-labeled cells by magnetic fields are receiving a great attention essentially because magnetic fields are

High activity of Ag-doped Cd_0.1Zn_0.9S photocatalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

• Leny Yuliati,
• Melody Kimi and
• Mustaffa Shamsuddin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 587–595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.69

• increase the intensity of the diffraction peaks. With increasing amount of Ag dopant, the peaks became slightly broader (Figure 1b–d) since Ag might be clustered and in turn gave a slightly increased disorder. As the diffraction peaks were only slightly shifted to higher values of 2θ with increasing amount

Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond

• Cai Shen and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28

• during the UPD process. This further corroborates that, after removal of thiols by pulsing, thiols diffuse back into the defect from the surrounding area. Obviously, the SAM can bear a certain level of disorder/defects before the passivation against UPD breaks down. Even though it was not a focus of the

Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

• Ana M. Gómez-Marín,
• Ruben Rizo and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.108

• coming from the solution that destroy these characteristic features. If both contamination and surface disorder appear, a fitting with theoretical models will be very difficult. In addition, if in this case both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations agree, one can consider that the

• higher PtO coverages that could further produce more oxidized forms. In these latter cases, however, the surface will start to disorder and would no longer be a flat, well-ordered Pt(111) surface. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt(111) The cyclic voltammetric profile (CV) for the ORR on Pt(111), in

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• characteristic of the D (disorder-induced phonon mode [17]) and G (graphitic lattice mode E2g [18]) bands of carbon, respectively. The intensity ratio IG/ID of 0.7 indicates that a significant quantity of disordered carbon is also present in the nanocomposite. In addition, the A1g vibration mode of the Fe3O4

Evolution of microstructure and related optical properties of ZnO grown by atomic layer deposition

• Adib Abou Chaaya,
• Roman Viter,
• Mikhael Bechelany,
• Zanda Alute,
• Donats Erts,
• Anastasiya Zalesskaya,
• Kristaps Kovalevskis,
• Vincent Rouessac,
• Valentyn Smyntyna and
• Philippe Miele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 690–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.78

• . However, results obtained from 25 nm films do not show any significant increase of the band gap value. This hints at an absence of small crystallites in the amorphous structure of the films. Because of the disorder in amorphous and highly doped semiconductors, the absorption or the optical density D near

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• al. [37]. These results are in line with observations on pre-induced shear bands produced by indentation [37] or cold rolling [54] where structural disorder was found to be retained even after annealing. The effect of the chemical composition of the glassy regions on the plastic deformation of

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

• John Paul Strachan,
• J. Joshua Yang,
• L. A. Montoro,
• C. A. Ospina,
• A. J. Ramirez,
• A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
• Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
• R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

• the applied current, which serves to anneal the film during operation [29][35] and to reduce disorder. The overall lack of material changes in the forming-free compared to the electroformed devices shows a progress in reducing the device damage during operation and can thus improve the technological

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• crystalline disorder effecting the corresponding transport mean-free-paths. As a consequence, in the present work focus is put on strongly disordered (TM)Ga3 films relaxing the above mentioned fractional evaporation problem at elevated temperatures. Indeed, all (TM)Ga3 films were evaporated onto substrates

• clear that all films are highly disordered with respect to their structure. This immediately poses the question as to how such strong disorder affects electrical transport properties like resistivity, ρ, and Seebeck coefficient, S. For amorphous metals, often addressed also as metallic glasses, this

• conclusion on the amorphous state of the presently discussed films has immediate implications on their thermoelectric behavior. First of all, the scattering of electrons is dominated by the static disorder rather than by phonons. As a consequence, phonon drag effects, which usually are responsible for strong

Molecular dynamics simulations of mechanical failure in polymorphic arrangements of amyloid fibrils containing structural defects

• Hlengisizwe Ndlovu,
• Alison E. Ashcroft,
• Sheena E. Radford and
• Sarah A. Harris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 429–440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.50

• ), as shown in Figure 1. Figure 3a shows that all of the models contain some degree of structural disorder after the 20 ns of standard MD (used to equilibrate the fibrils prior to SMD), with the most ordered structure (Class6-AP) containing 80% β-sheet content, and the most disordered (Class2-P

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly

• Ken C. Lee and
• Uwe Erb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 292–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.32

• : 6,000×). Topological disorder in the hexagonal nipple structure showing two pairs of 5–7 (“•”–“X”) coordination defects (magnification: 52,000×). Examples of Σ13 grain boundaries between crystals (domains) in the nipple structure consisting of rows of 5–7 coordination-defects. White circles indicate

Photoelectrochemical and Raman characterization of In₂O₃ mesoporous films sensitized by CdS nanoparticles

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Sergey K. Poznyak,
• Eugene A. Streltsov,
• Anatoly I. Kulak,
• Olga V. Korolik and
• Alexander V. Mazanik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 255–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.27

• these peaks in the Raman spectra can testify to the fact that the samples studied contain not only In2O3 and CdS, but also some additional phases formed during the SILAR process. High values of the FWHM of the LO phonon peak can point to both a significant degree of CdS nanocrystal disorder and size

Influence of diffusion on space-charge-limited current measurements in organic semiconductors

• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 180–188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.18

• are generally disordered materials, it is important to investigate the effects of energetic disorder on the results of our simulations. In order to take the effect of disorder into account, a multiple trapping model together with exponential band tails is used in some simulations (Figure 3 and Figure

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• membrane. Feng et al. [140] opted for a polyaniline (PANI) matrix. This material is one of the most conducting polymers (Figure 18). Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymer polyaniline nanofibers was reported by Huang [141]. The major issue related to great disorder of the functionalized

Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation?

• Baran Eren,
• Dorothée Hug,
• Laurent Marot,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Roland Steiner,
• Dominik M. Zumbühl and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 852–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.96

• intervalley double-resonance Raman process that is initiated only by a deviation from the defectless two-dimensional character [23][24][26]. On account of this, both hydrogenation and any kind of disorder manifest themselves as the rise of this peak, and a distinction between these two phenomena is not

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• theory is not applicable since disorder does not simply cause scattering but must be included in the theoretical analysis from the beginning. A recent theoretical review on the electronic transport properties of granular metals can be found in [12]. The electrical transport within the metallic grains can