Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• doping. Elemental and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results are shown in Table 1. The elemental analysis confirmed the efficiency of the doping, and showed that S-CNT contains a significant amount of residual catalyst (iron, encapsulated in the structure of the tubes). An effect of heat

• correspond to the oxidation of the sulfur species introduced during the doping during the purification step in H2SO4. As the S 2p peaks are typically presented in spin–orbit doublets of S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 (splitting magnitude ≈1.18 eV), four S 2p3/2 peaks representing sulfur bonding of FeS2 (≈162.5 eV), H–S

• –C (≈163.5 eV), R–S–C (≈164.5 eV), and S–O (≈168.0 eV) were observed (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3) [42][43]. The intense peak at 163.5 eV indicated the doping of CNTs with mainly thiol surface groups (Table 2). The peak at 164.5 eV could arise from the presence of sulfur in the carbon

Luminescence of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ phosphors co-doped with Ce³⁺/Gd³⁺ for white light-emitting diodes

• Yu-Guo Yang,
• Lei Wei,
• Jian-Hua Xu,
• Hua-Jian Yu,
• Yan-Yan Hu,
• Hua-Di Zhang,
• Xu-Ping Wang,
• Bing Liu,
• Cong Zhang and
• Qing-Gang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1237–1242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.123

• wavelength at about 554 nm. After co-doping Gd3+ into Tb2.96Ce0.04Al5O12, the peak wavelength of the Ce3+ emission band shifts to longer wavelengths, which is induced by the increasing crystal field splitting. However, the Ce3+ emission intensity also decreases because the substitution of Tb3+ with Gd3

• that Tb3Al5O12 is also a good host for various ions and the luminescent properties could be tuned by co-doping different ions into the Tb3Al5O12 host. The Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor also shows a yellow emission band. But the emission wavelength is longer than that of the Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor because Tb3

• longer than 611 nm [9]. We aimed to shift the emission wavelength of Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+ to a longer wavelength that is, however, still shorter than 611 nm. In this work, we report the synthesis and luminescence of a series of Ce3+/Gd3+-co-doped Tb3Al5O12 phosphors. The effect of co-doping Gd3+ on the

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• -micrometer-sized Y(OH)3:Eu3+ particles (as red phosphor) were synthesized in water at ambient conditions in ≤60 min reaction time. The doping ratio was controlled from 2.5–20 mol %. Additionally, first principle calculations were performed on Y(OH)3:Eu3+ to understand the preferable doping scenario and its

• method. The doping process and complete crystallization were achieved in 60 min. State-of-the-art first-principle calculations were performed on Y(OH)3:Eu3+ to investigate its crystallographic structure and resulting electronic and optical properties. In summary, a novel water-based, rapid, and simple

• other possible ions and can therefore lead to an increase in the formation of defects to make the doping process more favorable (as previously mentioned at the end of the Introduction section). The solutions were mixed and sonicated for 5 min. After the sonication process, the reaction was maintained

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• –hole pairs are easy to recombine. The photocatalytic performance can be greatly affected by the particle size, morphology and concentration [8][9]. As such, it is possible to modify these ZnO properties to enhance its photocatalytic efficiency. Doping ZnO with rare-earth ions is an attractive strategy

• to improve its photocatalytic activity by modifying its surface morphology [10][11]. Wang et al. [12] prepared Ce-doped ZnO with different doping levels by using a one-step solution method, using methylene blue as the target pollutant for photodegradation. After exposure to light for 200 minutes, the

• pure ZnO achieved a degradation rate of 48.36% whereas 1% Ce/ZnO exhibited the best activity among the as-synthesized products (96.11%). It was found that a moderate amount of cerium doping can significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. It was hypothesized that when cerium is mixed with

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• compared to TiO2, particularly in acidic solution, which can be a drawback for practical applications [46][47]. By changing morphology, doping, and conformation, i.e. as films, of the nanoparticles the intrinsic opto-electronic properties of the semiconductor as well as its chemical stability and surface

• semiconducting NPs on inert porous solids of large specific surface area is considered to be beneficial for the photocatalytic activity. Recently, strategies have been reported to improve the performance of photocatalysts via doping, or the introduction of semiconductor heterojunctions by combining them with

• transition metals or with other semiconductors. Among them, semiconductor heterojunctions have attracted great attention [139]. The doping of TiO2 and ZnO NPs with the aim to conveniently tuning the bandgap energy values can be a suitable option. In this context, it has been verified for both types of NPs, a

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• works described heteroatom doping that should provide more active centres for the vanadium redox reactions, and hence lead to a higher electrochemical activity [14][15][16][17]. But still details of the mechanism are lacking and contradictory suggestions can be found in the literature, as to which

• functionality. Results and Discussion For the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon composite electrodes phloroglucinol was suggested as a carbon source whereas pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde was utilized as a nitrogen source and the block copolymer Pluronic® F-127 was used as porogen. In the co-doping process

• can be observed. While the fibers of the co-doped composite electrode are covered completely and the space between fibers is filled up almost completely, the N-doped felt exhibits only partial coverage. It seems as if the carbon coating sticks more readily to the fibers after co-doping. But so far, we

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• a non-monotonic behavior upon Sr doping of the LaS part. In fact, the charge transfer per TaS2-unit, Q, first slightly increases in absolute value with increasing Sr content in the rock-salt lattice from 0.14 to 0.16 e− per TaS2 unit and then reaches a minimum (maximum in absolute value) at 20 atom

• , progressive Sr doping should disqualify the necessity of nanotubular morphology. Not surprisingly, the interlayer distance (c-axis) and the overall diameter of the SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 misfit nanotubes increases with higher Sr content in the lattice. Conclusion In conclusion, new alloys of misfit-layered compounds

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• performance of vacuum-prepared materials and non-vacuum-prepared materials is usually attributed to the sensitivity of the chalcopyrite semiconductor to external contaminants [29], to the dependency of its properties on the preparation method [30], and to the self-doping characteristics of the chalcopyrite

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• were applied to modify the textural properties, while nitrogen functionalities were incorporated via different N-doping methodologies (ball milling and conventional methods) using melamine. A direct relationship between the microporosity of the activated carbons and the limiting current density was

• found, with the increase of microporosity leading to interesting improvements of the limiting current density. Regardless of the doping method used, similar amounts of nitrogen were incorporated into the carbon structures. However, significant differences were observed in the nitrogen functionalities

• according to the doping method applied: ball milling appeared to originate preferentially quaternary and oxidized nitrogen groups, while the formation of pyridinic and pyrrolic groups was favoured by conventional doping. The onset potential was improved and the two-electron mechanism of the original

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• element phosphorus, which hinders its application in spintronic devices [13]. Therefore, searching for methods of inducing magnetism in black phosphorene arises as a necessity for developing the next generation of spintronic devices. Substitutional doping has been proven to be an effective and promising

• approach to tune the electronic and magnetic properties of low-dimensional materials [14][15][16]. For instance, Bai et al. [17] theoretically tailored the electronic and magnetic properties of arsenene between non-magnetic and dilute magnetic by doping with Ge atoms. More importantly, it was

• experimentally demonstrated that substitutional doping of TMDs could be achieved by filling the vacancies observed in CVD-grown monolayer TMDs [18]. Liu et al. [19] prepared epitaxial copper-doped ZnO films and observed that the substitution of Cu for Zn and the presence of strong Cu–Zn–O bonds are necessary for

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• effective strategy, the combination of C-doping with nanocomposite semiconductors, is presented in this work. C-doped g-C3N4 (CCN) was prepared by supramolecular self-assembly and subsequently a number of CdIn2S4/CCN composite photocatalysts were designed and fabricated though in situ decoration of CdIn2S4

• photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 is severely restricted by the inefficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and insufficient photon absorption. Up to now, a variety of strategies such as anion doping, novel metal deposition on surfaces and the design of heterojunctions/nanocomposites have been

• devoted to improving the transport and separation of electron–hole pairs [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among them, C atom doping for N atoms in g-C3N4 is highly promising due to its π-rich nature, which can evidently improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 [17][18][19][20][21]. For instance

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• doping on the magnetic properties of Mn1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated. All samples consist of ensembles of nanoparticles with a spherical shape and average diameter of about 10 nm, showing small structural changes due to the substitution. Besides having the same morpho-structural properties

• , the effect of the chemical composition, i.e., the amount of Co doping, produces marked differences on the magnetic properties, especially on the magnetic anisotropy, with evident large changes in the coercive field. Moreover, Co substitution has a profound effect on the interparticle interactions, too

• . Keywords: cobalt doping; collective dynamics; ferrite nanoparticles; interparticle interactions; magnetic properties; Introduction A strong scientific interest has driven the fundamental research on magnetic nanoparticles in the last decades [1][2][3][4], with interest constantly fed by their wide range

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• electrical conductivity [10]. However, the adsorption of polarized LPSs on non-polarized graphene is weak; heteroatom doping is necessary for improving the anchoring effect. Nitrogen doping has been used to modify the anchoring behavior of graphene, and the N-doped graphene showed improved anchoring of Li2Sx

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• production procedures, aluminum alloys have been extensively used as nonferrous structural materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Aluminum alloys are generally prepared by doping aluminum with other elements at a low content [13]. Anodic aluminum oxidation processing and electrodeposition

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• it quite reactive with the sensor surface. Oxygen acts as an electron acceptor due to its lone pairs of valence electrons and can be adsorbed on the sensor surface, p-doping CNTs [39]. To correctly identify the response towards target species (i.e., nitrogen dioxide and ethanol), the oxygen

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• refractory nature [11][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Moreover, BN nanomaterials have been used as superior substrates for doping various transition metals by electron beam irradiation [42] or solvent exfoliation [43] to form selected point defects, which are preferred to growing specific boron vacancies [42

Choosing a substrate for the ion irradiation of two-dimensional materials

• Egor A. Kolesov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 531–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.54

• to a peculiar doping effect, as it was shown for graphene in [1]. Besides, one cannot exclude participation of displaced recoil atoms [8] that reach the interface but remain within the substrate. Moreover, since there is a charge transfer between the substrate and the monolayer [9][10][11][12], the

• crystal lattice, leading to ion implantation (doping) [25]. For the latter to occur, the ion should have a considerably low energy – of about 20–200 eV, with the most effective implantation occurring at 25–75 eV [1][25][26][27][28][29]. The process peaks in the lower part of this region for 2D TMDs and in

• atoms can receive energy optimal for the implantation as well, leading to doping of the 2D material with the substrate atoms at much greater incident ion energies (for example, 5 keV Si into graphene on SiO2 [1]; similar is naturally expected for 2D TMDs). Table 1 presents simulation results for

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• potential. It is related to the reduction/oxidation of titanium on the surface bonded to OH groups [58]. The reduction/oxidation activity is commonly described as H+ doping/dedoping with simultaneous reduction/oxidation of Ti4+/Ti3+ for TiO2 in the form of both nanotubes [59] and single crystals [60]. BiVO4

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• nanostructures. Keywords: hydrothermal crystal growth; lithography; nanostructures; seed crystals; surface processes; oxides; Introduction Rutile TiO2 is a chemically stable semiconductor with a band gap of 3.1 eV [1]. Dependent on the kind of nanostructure and doping, it has outstanding electronic and

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• electronics and optical devices [6][7]. The controlled growth of single crystalline 1D semiconductor nanostructures (NSs) of various dimensionality with desired chemical composition and precise doping level has offered numerous possibilities for making model devices and integration strategies [6][8

Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• , pure silica nanoparticles were produced using a laser pulse energy of 400 mJ on pure silica, whereas Ge-doped nanoparticles were obtained using 33 and 165 mJ per pulse on germanosilicate glass. The difference in the required energy is attributed to the Ge doping, which modifies the optical properties

• low and/or the pulse duration is on the time scale of nanoseconds or longer. The second type of process is responsible for the absorption in transparent medium and is usually active for ultrashort laser pulses characterized by high intensity [14]. It is noteworthy that defects in or doping of a

• fragmentation [4]. Different from other studies [15][20], the purpose of the present investigation is to provide data concerning the production of pure and Ge-doped silica nanoparticles; thus it is worth highlighting some of the effects of the Ge doping of silica. Indeed, the Ge atoms are substitutional to Si

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• with iron oxide nanoparticles substantially ameliorated the response towards nitrogen dioxide. Keywords: benzene detection; doping; gas sensor; metal nanoparticle decoration; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; NO2 detection; room temperature gas sensing; surface modification; Introduction Carbon nanotubes

• results for carbon nanotubes decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles of larger size. This is consistent with the literature, in which heat treatment on sensors doped with an optimum doping ratio can cause both an increase in the size of decorating nanoparticles and an enhancement in the response of the

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• -optical performance is doping them with nanoparticles. Hsu et al. showed that the small addition of gold nanoparticles decreases Uth due to the increased electric anisotropy and decreased elastic constant [5]. Haraguchi and collaborators doped the twisted nematic liquid crystal cell with inorganic

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• −), suggesting a small electron density transfer from Ni and Co to P [37]. This charged structure is very beneficial for improving surface activity toward HER. A critical means to improve the charge transfer of HER is to enhance the conductivity of the electrocatalysts. Doping or hybridization to form a

• , respectively. It should be noted that the hydrogen doping may occur due to the small radius of the hydrogen atom when measuring the electrocatalytic activity of NixCoyP/TNAs. Generally speaking, hydrogen doping increases electrical conductivity and enhances electron transfer. Thus the electrocatalytic activity

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• content and crystallite size. The fluorine presence is due to the catalytic partial decomposition of the SF6 laser energy transfer agent. In direct correlation with the increase in the Zn doping level, the bandgap of co-doped nanoparticles shifts to lower energy (from 3.55 to 2.88 eV for the highest Zn

• reduced bandgap of tin oxide nanoparticles by introduction of defects to the crystal lattice is ≈0.7 eV [4]. Generally, the doping of these semiconducting oxides with specific cations or anions is performed in order to increase their electrical conductivity while maintaining a high optical transparency in

• promising, lower cost, but good performing material alternatives to ITO for these types of applications is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) [8]. Regarding the cation doping for the synthesis of tin-based transparent and conductive oxidic (TCO) materials, the literature has been focused on doping with i