High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• ethanol and is dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C for 24 h. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the synthesis of core–shell BTO-PTh nanoparticles. To compare dielectric properties and energy efficiency, a similar approach is used to prepare pristine polythiophene (PTh) without introducing BTO nanoparticles in the

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• with ethanol and centrifuged for further use. Pure TiO2 NPs were also prepared by using the above method without the addition of Ag as a precursor. Sample characterizations The crystal structure of the samples was investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD, ARL X'TRA, Thermo Techno, USA) using a

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• was measured with ImageJ® in order to calculate the equivalent diameter, which was used to define the NP size. Chemicals and reagents Mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA), 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH), 17β-estradiol (E2), and ethanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A 17β-estradiol binding aptamer was

• affinity to Au but none to TiO2. Moreover, the Raman spectrum of MBA is well known and the molecule demonstrates a large scattering cross section [30]. For the functionalization of TiO2/Au surfaces, MBA was diluted in ethanol at a concentration of 2.9 mM. The TiO2/Au samples were then soaked in the

• solution overnight. After that, they were thoroughly rinsed with ethanol before drying with nitrogen. For E2 detection, the TiO2/Au surfaces were first functionalized with the aptamer. For this a fresh 3 μM solution of aptamer was prepared in Tris-HCl buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl contained 1 M of HCl

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• is mixed with 100 mg of either graphite or graphite oxide in a quartz beaker and irradiated with microwaves for 1 min. Products are collected from the reaction vessel, sonicated in ethanol for 1 min and centrifuged for 5 min at 6000 rpm to separate big metal particles and unreacted graphite. The

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• , the insertion of special modifiers on the FGDA nanocubes may increase their applicability in the clinical settings. Experimental Materials Oleic acid (C18H34O2, OA) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) were purchased from Tianjin Beichenfangzheng Chemical Reagent Factory. Hexane (C6H14), absolute ethanol

• methods used for synthesizing metal oleate precursors were described in detail in a previous study [34]. 10 mmol sodium oleate was dissolved in a solution containing 60 mL ultrapure water and 20 mL ethanol, 5.0 mmol iron(III) chloride and 1.0 mmol gadolinium chloride hexahydrate were dissolved in 20 mL

• system was heated up to 200 °C for 30 min, then heated up again to 310 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min and then submitted to refluxing for 30 min. All procedures mentioned above were performed under nitrogen atmosphere. When the reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, 80 mL of ethanol was added to

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• were prepared by wet-spinning and coagulation in an ethanol bath. Thereby, no toxic components were introduced into the wet-spun chitosan fibers. After drying, the helical fibers had a diameter of approximately 130 µm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of wet-spun helices revealed that the magnetic

• , which was comprised of a syringe pump and an ethanol coagulation bath (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). The most stable and reproducible wet-spinning conditions were obtained at an IOP concentration of 10 mg·mL−1 in 30 mg·mL−1 chitosan solution. Under these conditions, IOP-embedded chitosan

• disordered fiber mats were observed after being retrieved from the ethanol bath. These results validate wet-spinning as a technique that can be used to embed nanoparticles into chitosan fibers. Until now, this achievement has only been reported in electrospinning [36][37][38] or 3D-bioprinting [11

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• ). After the formation of nanowires via anodization, the GaAs substrates were treated in an ultrasound bath for 15 s in ethanol. Subsequently, a few drops of the ethanol suspension containing nanowires were deposited on a glass substrate followed by a gentle blow drying to remove the ethanol. A double

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• at +40 V for two hours using two graphite plate counter electrodes. Subsequently, they were rinsed with water and ethanol several times. Catalyst coating was performed by atomic layer deposition in a commercial Gemstar 6 reactor from Arradiance. Platinum and iridium were deposited using

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• purity ≥ 99%, both purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, dissolved in ethanol (C2H5OH), was sprayed onto the substrate using a homemade sprayer with an O2 gas flow. The substrate was heated in the temperature range of 400 °C to 650 °C during the deposition. 0.35 M zinc acetate and magnesium acetate solutions

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• resolution. However, the majority of 3D AFM studies have been focused on the arrangement of water at carbonate surfaces. Here, we present an analysis of the assembly of ethanol – an organic molecule with a single hydroxy group – at the calcite and magnesite (10.4) surfaces by using high-resolution 3D AFM and

• molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Within a single AFM data set we are able to resolve both the first laterally ordered solvation layer of ethanol on the calcite surface as well as the following solvation layers that show no lateral order. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with MD

• reveals a qualitatively similar ethanol arrangement on both carbonates, indicating the general nature of this finding. Keywords: 3D AFM; calcite; ethanol; magnesite; MD simulation; solvation structure; Introduction Sedimentary rocks including the minerals calcite and magnesite are abundant constituents

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• with acetone and subsequently ethanol for 20 min with each solvent. The samples were then transferred into the vacuum chamber and baked at 120 °C for 8 h. A non-reflective silicon AFM probe (PPP-NCL, Nanosensors) was used in AFM measurements. TEM images were taken of the AFM tip apex before mounting

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• boiling point, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) [5]. Alternative approaches for obtaining MoO3 dispersions in low boiling point solvents have also been reported. For instance, Alsaif et al. have exfoliated MoO3 in mixtures of water and alcohols (methanol, ethanol, IPA) [12]. In these dispersions molybdenum

• nanosheets of MoO3, respectively. Along with the morphological characterization it is also important to assess the chemical nature of the exfoliated nanosheets. It was previously observed that the exfoliation of MoO3 in some low boiling point alcohols (IPA, ethanol) and mixed solvent systems based on H2O

• (IPA/H2O, ethanol/H2O) tend to lead to the formation of molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) when exposed to UV radiation [12][21]. The mechanism of the reaction is [13]: H+ ions, which are dissociated from the protic solvents, tend to intercalate in MoO3 layers forming HxMoO3 and the MoO3 dispersions change

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• TEOS was added to a solution containing ethanol, ammonia (33%) and ultrapure water under magnetic stirring and at room temperature for 30–40 min. The ratio of the reagents was modified in order to control the NPs size (Table 2). The NP suspension was centrifuged at 11,000 rcf for 15 min and the

• particles re-suspended in ethanol once, centrifuged, and re-suspended in ultrapure water. The procedure was repeated three times. The purified NPs were suspended in ultrapure water and stored at 4 °C until use. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The NPs morphology was characterised using scanning electron

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• the solid state, due to aggregation-caused quenching, they turn less emissive. Luo et al. in 2001 have shown that when water was added to a solution of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole in ethanol, it turned intensely emissive [71]. The quantum yield of silole increased by 333 times in a water

• /ethanol (90/10 v/v) mixture compared to that of in pure ethanol solution. In solution, the dynamic intramolecular rotation serves as a route for nonradiative relaxation process. Upon aggregation, the intramolecular rotations are restricted, which blocks the non-radiative pathways and opens the radiative

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• particularly important in the design and optimization of devices based on the plasmon effect. Experimental Ag nanostructures were prepared on borosilicate glass (Corning 1737F) and Si substrates. In both cases, the substrates were cleaned with acetylacetone and then rinsed in ethanol. Thin Ag films (1–9 nm

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• conformational changes, opposite to azobenzene bound to the external surfaces. Experimental Chemicals Lead(II) bromide (PbBr2, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9% purity), methylamine (CH3NH2·H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 33 wt % in ethanol), 4-aminobenzylamine (C7H10N2, Sigma-Aldrich, 99% purity) 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline (C8H12N2, Sigma

• , 3H, CH-CH=CH), 7.00 (d, 2H, CH-CH=CO), 4.04 (t, 2H, O-CH2-CH2), 3.40 (t, 2H, CH2-CH2-N), 1.88–1.82 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.29 (s, 14H). To obtain the amine, the purified product was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (THF)/ethanol (EtOH) (8:2) and hydrazine monohydrate (50.0 equiv) was added dropwise

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• of the samples were mixed with 2 mL of ethanol followed by 10 min of sonication. Then, 50 µL of 5% Nafion were added, and the obtained mixture was magnetically stirred for 24 h. Finally, the mixture was coated on ITO glass and dried in a vacuum oven for 12 h. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR

• clarified by centrifugation for the measurement of absorbance, which can be used to monitor the progress of the photocatalytic degradation reactions. For the durability test, the used photocatalyst was firstly rinsed with ethanol and deionized water by centrifugation, then it was collected by using aqueous

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• washed with distilled water, followed by acetone and ethanol to remove surface contaminants. The washed bones were dried in a hot air oven (Indfurr model OR-3795) at 60 °C for 24 h and 20 g of cuttlefish bone pieces were taken for top down processing using high-energy ball milling (VB Ceramic Consultants

• adjusted from 8 to 12 using ammonia solution. This mixture was allowed to stir for various reaction times of 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 80 °C and then the final precipitate was washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove impurities. Finally, the precipitate was dried at 60 °C in a hot air oven and was

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• cellulose (MC) (particle size: 50 μm) were purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), urea, methanol and anhydrous ethanol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. AC was purchased from Fujian Xinsen Carbon Industry Co. Ltd. All chemical reagents were used

• stirring for 20 min and then dripped into a small beaker and stored at 75 °C for 6 h to form hydrogels. Then, the produced hydrogels were kept in ethanol for 7 days, and subsequently dried under supercritical CO2 to obtain cellulose aerogel. Finally, CA was obtained by carbonization of the cellulose

• temperature. The resulting ZIF-67/NiMoO4/CA sample was washed with anhydrous ethanol and then dried in vacuum at 80 °C for 12 h. Finally, the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA samples were prepared by the pyrolysis of the NiMoO4@ZIF-67/CA precursors at 350 °C for 2 h under air atmosphere. Characterization The crystalline

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• al. [10]. For the encapsulation of the fluorescent dye DiR as a potential label for noninvasive optical in vivo imaging, the solvent ethanol was evaporated from the dye stock solution and the remaining DiR was dissolved in MCT at a concentration of 0.3 mg/g. Kolliphor HS 15, which was molten at 50 °C

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• stability (Figure 9). We compared our result with other materials reported recently (Table 1). For conductivity measurements, the H-rGO sample was dispersed in ethanol and drop-cast on a gold gap electrode. The average resistance measured using a Keithley source meter is ca. 4 MΩ. The corresponding

• Mira3 field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The TEM, HRTEM images and SAED patterns were obtained on a TALOS F200S G2, 200 kV FEG, and a CMOS camera (4k × 4k). The TEM samples were prepared by suspending the samples in ethanol

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• ]. The solution was stirred for 5 min and then stored at 4 °C until needed [10]. Annealing The silicon wafers (100, n/phosphorus-doped, 3–6 ohm·cm, Mat-Technology) were cleaned with ethanol and the NPs were deposited by drop-casting. The drops were dried at ambient conditions. Five samples of Au NPs on

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• carbon catalysts towards the ORR. Experimental Chemicals All chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers and were used without further purification unless stated otherwise: Glucose (Amresco, 98%), ethanol (VWR, 99.5%), iron(III) nitrate anhydrous (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), hydrochloric acid (Merck

• of a 0.75 M glucose solution in aqua dest. (165 mL) at 165 °C for 10.5 h. The resulting spherical carbon particles were washed three times with 200 mL aqua dest. and ethanol each, centrifuged and dried [36]. Synthesis of N-doped carbon spheres (NCS): The as-synthesized carbon spheres were carbonized

• preparation, a droplet of ethanol containing the dispersed sample powder (ca. 1 mg·mL−1) was deposited on a carbonized Cu grid (Plano, Mesh 300), followed by evaporation of ethanol. For CHN elemental analysis, a Vario MICRO cube instrument (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH) was used, the thermal decomposition

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• maintained at 180 °C for 12 h. After natural cooling to room temperature, the obtained suspensions were four times centrifuged using deionized water and anhydrous ethanol and dried at 75 °C for 12 h. Ultimately, these precursors were placed in an argon atmosphere, annealed at 400 °C for 2 h with a heating

• sensors is an important issue for practical applications. Herein, ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde were selected to measure the selectivity of the 0.5 wt % ZnFe2O4/rGO gas sensor at 200 °C. As shown in Figure 10, the responses to 10 ppm acetone, ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde were 8.18, 2.76, 2.05

• and 1.31, respectively. It is obvious that the most intense response of the 0.5 wt % ZnFe2O4/rGO gas sensor corresponds to acetone. It is about three times more pronounced than the response to ethanol. The results reveal the excellent selectivity of the composite sensor for acetone. These findings are