Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• similar dark contrast as the gold cluster is also observed. This layer is extending from the cluster at both sides and is found about 2 nm below the apparent sample surface [21]. As a guide to the eye the apparent sample surface is marked by the black arrows in Figure 4a and determines the position where

• point contact underneath the cluster (Figure 6a) is active, a sharp transition similar to the findings in our potentiometry data is found. As a guide to the eye, equipotential lines are plotted which show the impact of the cluster on the potential in its vicinity. Our potentiometry data correspond quite

• at their borders. c) Line profiles of the topography (red) and potential (green) as marked in a) and b). As a guide to the eye a linear function was fitted to the overall gradient of the potential. d) Potential near a Au cluster. Sharp transitions of the potential at the perimeter of the cluster are

Influence of the PDMS substrate stiffness on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba castellanii

• Sören B. Gutekunst,
• Carsten Grabosch,
• Alexander Kovalev,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1393–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.152

• in the human body are the eye and the brain, i.e., very soft environments. Thus, our study provides first hints towards the relevance of mechanical aspects for the pathogenicity of eukaryotic parasites. Keywords: acanthamoeba; cell adhesion; elastic substrates; mechanosensing; silicones

• adhere to comparably soft microenvironments in the brain and in the eye. Interestingly, there is no significant difference in the morphology of A. castellanii between PDMS substrates and the positive control substrate. This shows that A. castellanii trophozoites can adhere very well to PDMS without the

• cell adhesion areas for substrates having different Young’s moduli supports the results from Figure 1 and Figure 2, i.e., that substrate stiffness influences cell adhesion area. The difference between the control sample and the PDMS sample with Young’s modulus 128 kPa is eye-catching here, but

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

• included to guide the eye. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 8: CO adsorption transients and ATR-FTIR spectra at different potentials. Acknowledgements Financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Research Unit FOR 1376, project JU 2781/2-1) is gratefully acknowledged.

The surface microstructure of cusps and leaflets in rabbit and mouse heart valves

• Xia Ye,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Ming Zhou and
• Weining Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 622–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.73

• smooth to the naked eye, they are actually comprised of a double hierarchical structure consisting of a cobblestone-like microstructure and nano-cilia along with mastoids with a directional arrangement. Such nanostructures could play a very important role in the hemocompatibility characteristics of heart

• microstructures of the water skipper’s leg, the moth’s eye, shark skin, the darkling beetle, and the cicada’s wing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. At the same time, the relationship between superhydrophobicity and surface microstructures attracted strong interest. A large number of surfaces with all kinds

Single-asperity contact mechanics with positive and negative work of adhesion: Influence of finite-range interactions and a continuum description for the squeeze-out of wetting fluids

• Martin H. Müser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 419–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.50

• function ac,T takes its minimum value. Therefore, it is most meaningful to normalize the force with ΔγR, unless, of course, Δγ = 0. The approach is validated in Figure 3. It shows the spatial dependence of the gap for two different parameterizations. Small deviations, which are not visible to the naked eye

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

• this image, the zig-zag line pairs of the herringbone reconstruction are clearly visible through the adlayer, they are marked in Figure 5a with white lines in the upper right part to guide the eye. Note that for the 2D glass phase the reconstruction could not be resolved. In Figure 4a and 4b, the

3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

• Gediminas Seniutinas,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Gediminas Gervinskas,
• Etienne Brasselet and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

• indicated by the red markers, the blue lines are guides to the eye. Acknowledgements Part of this work was performed on the swinSTAR supercomputer at Swinburne University of Technology. Author contributions listed: E. B. and S. J. originated the idea and L. R. implemented the numerical models; G. G. and G

Femtosecond-resolved ablation dynamics of Si in the near field of a small dielectric particle

• Paul Kühler,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Mario Mosbacher,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Francisco Javier Garcia de Abajo,
• Jan Siegel and
• Javier Solis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 501–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.59

• characteristic events is indicated by arrows. RL indicates the relative reflectivity at 400 nm (1.48) of an optically thick molten liquid layer. The line is a guide to the eye. (a) Calculated near field distribution at the surface of a Si substrate for a SiO2 dielectric particle of 7.9 μm diameter homogenously

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Re₃As_6.6In_0.4 with Ir₃Ge₇ crystal structure

• Valeriy Y. Verchenko,
• Anton S. Vasiliev,
• Alexander A. Tsirlin,
• Vladimir A. Kulbachinskii,
• Vladimir G. Kytin and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 446–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.52

• properties of the S1 sample as a function of temperature. Solid lines are drawn to guide the eye. Crystallographic data from the powder diffraction experiment for S1. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters for S1. Selected interatomic distances for S1. Re3As7 crystallographic data used for electronic

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly

• Ken C. Lee and
• Uwe Erb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 292–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.32

• materials is made and the importance of such arrangements in terms of nipple packing density, corneal lens curvature and potential optical properties is discussed. Keywords: butterfly-eye structure; coordination defects; sigma grain boundaries; Introduction The structure of moth and butterfly eyes consist

• of many repeating unit cells referred to as ommatidia. Thousands of ommatidia are closely packed together and typically form a nearly spherical or semispherical compound eye with the well-known surface facet structure [1]. Each ommatidium is composed of a corneal lens, a crystalline cone, a rhabdom

• reduce the reflection of light from the surface of the eye, due to the gradient in the refractive index in the near surface region. This is important for nocturnal insects such as moths, because it gives a better low-light vision (moth-eye effect). The reduced light reflection also provides an antiglare

Plasticity of Cu nanoparticles: Dislocation-dendrite-induced strain hardening and a limit for displacive plasticity

• Antti Tolvanen and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.17

• (here lower right about the orifice) interacts with the partials in the dendrite pinned to the surface, resulting in a slip. Hydrostatic pressure and von Mises stress at the onset of plasticity versus extrusion orifice radius. Lines are guides for the eye. Extrusion from a 11 Å orifice. Hydrostatic

Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation?

• Baran Eren,
• Dorothée Hug,
• Laurent Marot,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Roland Steiner,
• Dominik M. Zumbühl and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 852–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.96

• min of exposure and after an annealing at 450 °C were used to monitor the transformation from graphene to hydrogenated graphene. In (b), the positions of the σ peaks and the eye-guides for the Ef, the secondary electrons, and the π→π* transition are provided. (a) STM images of the HOPG after 5 min of

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• taken in the in-plane geometry at ambient temperature. Panel (b) shows the experimental coercive field as a function of Fe layer thickness t for different diameters d of PS spheres at a distance a = 95 nm. Dotted lines are guides to the eye. In (c) HC is presented as a function of d at a = 95 nm for two

The morphology of silver nanoparticles prepared by enzyme-induced reduction

• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Thomas Schüler,
• Katharina K. Strelau,
• Karina Weber,
• Dana Cialla,
• Marco Diegel,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Andreas Berger,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 404–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.47

• on the chosen axis scale. The curves are only a guide for the eye. Please note the differently scaled ordinates. High-resolution TEM image of a silver nanoparticle grown by enzymatic synthesis. The right part shows a detail at higher magnification with clearly observable crystallographic planes of

• dependence on the DNA concentration, determined by means of RBS measurements. The reaction time was always 5 min. The lines are only a guide for the eye. (a) A typical SERS spectrum of riboflavin (5 µM) on enzymatically generated silver nanoparticles measured for an excitation wavelength of 532 nm and (b

Ultraviolet photodetection of flexible ZnO nanowire sheets in polydimethylsiloxane polymer

• Jinzhang Liu,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Soonil Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 353–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.41

• . With PDMS (refractive index ≈ 1.5) filling the interspaces between nanowires, the paper-like ZnO nanowire film becomes more translucent to the naked eye, facilitating UV-light scattering to a deeper level in the nanowire sheet. Therefore more nanowires will receive UV photons, leading to the enhanced

Transmission eigenvalue distributions in highly conductive molecular junctions

• Justin P. Bergfield,
• Joshua D. Barr and
• Charles A. Stafford

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 40–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.5

• quantities. The top panel of Figure 1 shows the spectral function for gas-phase benzene within π-EFT, along with experimental values for the first optical excitation of the cation (3.04 eV), the vertical ionization energy (9.23 eV), and the vertical electron affinity (−1.12 eV). As a guide for the eye, the

• benzene (top panel) and Pt–benzene–Pt junctions (ensemble average, bottom panel). The gas-phase resonances are broadened artificially as a guide for the eye. The dashed orange lines are fixed by (left to right) the lowest-lying optical excitation of the molecular cation [17][18][19][20][21], the vertical

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• curve). Dotted lines serve as guides for eye. CO conversion measured above mesoporous Au/TiO2 films of different thicknesses. Arrhenius plot of the CO conversion, which is proportional to the CO oxidation rate, to determine the apparent activation energy EA for Au nanoparticles in a mesoporous TiO2 film

Room temperature excitation spectroscopy of single quantum dots

• Christian Blum,
• Frank Schleifenbaum,
• Martijn Stopel,
• Sébastien Peter,
• Marcus Sackrow,
• Vinod Subramaniam and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 516–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.56

• access to the individual spectral properties of the quantum dots. In Figure 2 we show some typical examples of single quantum dot excitation spectra. As a guide to the eye and for comparison, the reference ensemble excitation spectrum is plotted as a dashed red line in each panel of Figure 2. Comparing

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• the as-prepared state. Panel (b) presents the resulting ratios of orbital-to-spin moments for Co NPs on Pt(111) and Pt(100) films as a function of annealing temperature TA (holding time 30 min). The lines are given as guides to the eye. Element specific XMCD hysteresis loops measured at the Co L3

• : 30 min). The lines are given as guides to the eye. (a) In-plane hysteresis loops measured by SQUID magnetometry at T = 29 K, i.e., close to the compensation temperature of the diamagnetic MgO substrate and the paramagnetic Pt(111) film on top. In (b), the Henkel plots for three annealing steps are

Platinum nanoparticles from size adjusted functional colloidal particles generated by a seeded emulsion polymerization process

• Nicolas Vogel,
• Ulrich Ziener,
• Achim Manzke,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Clemens K. Weiss and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 459–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.50

• particles as produced by a miniemulsion process; c) 3-fold excess of styrene; d) 5-fold excess; e) 10-fold excess; f) 30-fold excess; g) 40-fold excess. Variation of the amount of initiator relative to the amount of added monomer. The dotted lines are guides to the eye and represent the diameter of the seed

Micro to nano: Surface size scale and superhydrophobicity

• Christian Dorrer and
• Jürgen Rühe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 327–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.38

• be noted that the dashed lines are guides to the eye only and have no physical meaning. Motion of drops in the composite state: (a) Receding motion; the lifting off from a roughness feature is associated with an energy barrier ΔG. (b) The advancing motion entails a coming down of the meniscus onto

Determination of object position, vortex shedding frequency and flow velocity using artificial lateral line canals

• Adrian Klein and
• Horst Bleckmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 276–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.32

• by altering their shape and size [20]. In case of the lateral line, the canals also determine the response properties of the flow sensors. In general, lateral line canals shield CNs from DC flow [12]. In most fish species the course of the lateral line canals is clearly visible to the naked eye since

Structural and magnetic properties of ternary Fe_1–xMn_xPt nanoalloys from first principles

• Markus E. Gruner and
• Peter Entel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.20

• of the 3d moments (e)–(g). The lines are only guides for the eye. Energetic order (left panel) and magnetization (right panel, left scale) of ternary 561 atom Fe–Mn–Pt clusters with different morphologies and magnetic structures as a function of composition (Fe sites randomly replaced by Mn). Blue

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5