Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• meaningful, this would suggest that the surfactant would perturb the interfacial layer in the sense that the structure is weakened by the hydrophobic tails. However, the slip plane parameter is probably best viewed as a fitting parameter. Figure 7 shows that the slip plane parameter determined for the bare

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• using Microsoft Excel based on Gaussian functions was used for the Raman peak deconvolution and fitting. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry was performed using a FESEM (JSM-7800F, JEOL) and EDX (Octane Elect Super, EDAX). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out using an AXIS ULTRA DLD

• deconvoluted components, D2, G, Am, D, and the fitting result are shown in orange, green, light green, blue, and red lines, respectively. The spectra of TGP-CSnPc-TAir (T = 500, 550, 600 and 650 °C) are given in Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1). XPS spectra of (a) Sn 3d and (b) O 1s in TGP, TGP-CSnPc

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• in the sample after oxygenation [37] indicates surface and pore blockage on the glassy carbon cathode caused by diffusion of oxygen into the carbon. This could be attributed to the absence of a separating layer between the glassy carbon and the liquid electrolyte [38]. The fitting parameters for the

• (square points) solvent oxygenation, after solvent oxygenation for two hours (circle points) and after the first discharge–recharge cycle (triangle points). The EIS data were collected for cells with 1 M LiNO3 in TEGDME with <20 ppm (A) and 2500 ppm (B) of water in the electrolyte. Fitting parameters used

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• extrapolated by fitting the M(H) curves at high field using the law of approach to saturation [23]: where A and B are constant parameters. Magnetization versus temperature measurements were performed using the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) protocols. The sample was cooled from room temperature

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• plasma pulse time. c) Relative amount of the O–Zn and O–C/O–H as a function of the plasma pulse time as resulted from the O 1s peak fitting. Annealed: d) C 1s spectrum and e) O 1s spectrum as a function of the plasma pulse time. f) Relative amount of the lattice O–Zn and Zn hydroxides/defective oxygen as

• a function of the plasma pulse time, as resulted from the O 1s peak fitting. a) Normalized thickness (norm-d) and b) refractive index n (at 633 nm) of the zincone-like layers as a function of the annealing temperature. The two critical temperature ranges for initial removal of organic moieties and

• ]. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 88: Details on the EP measurements, GIXD data recorded after annealing at 600 °C, saturation curves for the PE-ALD ZnO process optimized at room temperature, example of fitting of the HR XPS peak associated to O 1s. Acknowledgements The authors thank

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• only to a very little extent. The Nyquist and Bode diagrams were fitted using the ZView software, and after a careful adjustment, equivalent circuit diagrams were obtained with the lowest fitting error (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). As presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• fitting and extrapolation of the Cole–Cole representation to the x-axis (η′ at η″ = 0), the Newtonian zero-shear viscosity η0 can be calculated using Equation 1, which reflects even small changes in molecular mass. The effect of 5 wt % Mg2Al LDH filler on the PBS chain extension is presented as η”–η’ Cole

Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors

• Paula Martínez-Pérez and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 677–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.67

• (Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain) are placed on it. The reflectivity measurements were performed in the NIR range (1110–2500 nm) with a resolution of 4 cm−1. To enhance the SNR, 30 scans were collected every minute to perform a continuous monitoring of the spectrum shift evolution. For the fitting and the

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• operating (scanning) parameters (bandwidth of ca. 100 Hz) the PLL response will not affect the extracted values obtained from directly fitting the data. However, as the relaxation time approaches the response time of the PLL, the output signal will become a convolution of the PLL response function and the

• directly calculated from the fit results. Note that since the frequency shift is quadratic in voltage and it is the voltage being changed here, we must first take the square root of the data before fitting. The results are shown in Figure 2b where the shaded area is the region for which τ* < τPLL ≈ 600 μs

• dependence of the system after a bias is applied, which is typically a stretched exponential as in Equation 1. Although this is in principle feasible, the main challenge is to perform the fitting. We attempted to fit the data in Figure 3 to a stretched exponential with an additional parameter, β, which

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• and 300 W. XPS measurements were performed at room temperature under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, with pressures below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar. Data analysis was performed with the CASA XPS software package using Shirley background subtraction and a least-squares Gaussian–Lorentzian curve fitting algorithm

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• fitting the Lorentzian function to the A1g and Eg modes. The temperature coefficient can be calculated by Equation 1 [29]: where ω0 is the peak position of the A1g and Eg mode at zero Kelvin, χ is the temperature coefficient of the A1g and Eg modes, and ω is a Raman phonon frequency. The slope of the

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• impurity elements are found (Figure 3a). Figure 3b shows the fit to the C 1s peak of the GCN-5 hybrid. The fitting of the C 1s spectrum shows four major deconvoluted peaks related to the carbon states of rGO and g-C3N4. The sharp peaks at binding energies of 285.04, 287.03, 288.52, and 289.6 eV observed in

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• spectra were taken using Jobin Yvon HR 800 with a HeNe laser (633 nm and 20 mW power). Peak deconvolution of Raman spectra was carried by peak fitting with four Lorentzian/Gaussian functions as described in [15]. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were performed on a scanning electron

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• temperature-dependent PL of the belt, cylinder, and square shaped NWs, respectively. It is clear that there are six peaks at 1.84, 1.97, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, and 2.75 eV, which overlap with each other in all three different morphological NW types. Gaussian fitting of these peaks is given in the Supporting

• Information File 1 (Figure S4). Figure S4a–c shows the Gaussian fitting of the PL spectra recorded at 80 K for belt, cylinder, and square shaped NWs, respectively. Irrespective of the morphology, the PL spectra are uniform for all NWs. An increase in PL intensity with decreasing temperature (Figure 8a–c

• square-shaped NWs) at the temperatures 300 K, 160 K and 80 K were calculated. The results from Gaussian fitting of these curves are given in the Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S5). At 300 K, the PL peak at 1.97 eV is found to contribute the most and is around 34% of the total area among all peaks

Intuitive human interface to a scanning tunnelling microscope: observation of parity oscillations for a single atomic chain

• Sumit Tewari,
• Jacob Bakermans,
• Christian Wagner,
• Federica Galli and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 337–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.33

• atoms i and j, r0 is the equilibrium distance, and ζ, q, A and p are parameters that can be determined by fitting bulk material properties to experimental values. The parameters used for the results shown in this manuscript are: r0 = 2.884 Å, ζ = 1.8184 eV, A = 0.20967 eV, q = 4.03 eV and p = 10.145 eV

• to think about the correct description of the interaction between the metallic system and the molecules. Typically MD is used for molecules in solution or for solid-state bulk materials [57], rarely for metal surfaces in contact with molecules [58]. The right way to go would be fitting a force field

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• mainly consists of Ti4+ and Zr4+ oxides. On the other hand, Figure 4d and Figure 4e reveal the Ni 2p3/2 and O 1s peaks obtained from the as-spun alloy and as-dealloyed alloy before and after immersion in deionized water. The O 1s region analyzed by using a Gaussian fitting method (Figure 4e) shows three

Magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic based on a magnetic fluid and independent plasmonic dual resonances

• Kun Ren,
• Xiaobin Ren,
• Yumeng He and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 247–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.23

• saturation value nsat. nMF follows the Langevin function [2]: In Equation 15, H is the magnetic field strength, T represents the temperature, and α is a fitting parameter. Hc is the critical field (ca. 30 Oe). n0 denotes the refractive index of the magnetic fluid at magnetic fields lower than the critical

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• ][28]. Data fitting was performed using Leptos 4.02 software package provided by Bruker. The electron density was simulated by a box type function. The thicknesses of the Se and Te wetting films were fitting parameters (the density of this film was fixed) and for all samples, the fit equated 2 ± 0.5 nm

• . The optical thickness of the Ag and Au layers were fitted for the samples without the wetting films fabricated in the same processes, and then fixed for all other samples, while the density was left as a fitting parameter for all samples. The thickness and density of the LiF protective films were

• fitted for the samples without wetting films, and then fixed for all other samples. The wetting films/metal and metal/LiF interface roughness were left as fitting parameters. More information about XRR modeling can be found in [40] and references therein. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• Sb2S3 has 30 predicted Raman active modes: ΓRaman = 10Ag + 5B1g + 10B2g + 5B3g [18][20]. The Raman spectra were deconvoluted using Lorentzian fitting into vibrational bands of Sb2S3 based on the literature [12][16][21][22]. The centers of the bands of Sb2S3 in the deconvoluted Raman spectra (Table 1

• optical transmittance spectra of glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 34: Additional XRD, EDX data, SEM images, Lorentzian fitting of Sb2S3 Raman vibrational bands, and Tauc plots. Acknowledgements We acknowledge Dr. Valdek Mikli from the Laboratory of

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• with decreasing size [38]. However, it is unlikely that U > −3kBT, and within the considered range, the value of U will not affect our fitting results. ν is a local packing parameter, i.e., a local volume fraction within the aggregate, and for the random packing of polydisperse spheres it does not

• describing the arrangement of primary particles within the composites, and A is a single collective fitting parameter in our model, which is proportional to the number density of aggregates, Nagg, and their specific surface area, SSAagg. Hence, it expresses indirectly the size/extent of the aggregates. In

• distribution of this parameter in the fitting routine. The need for such mathematical treatment is in fact a manifestation of the actual physical effects, if we consider that aReHS represents a radius of a LZM molecule. A LZM molecule can become, at least partially, heterogeneously deformed (on average, in a

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• system with a base pressure of 10−9 mbar. Adventitious carbon was removed from the surface by 1 min, 2 kV Ar+ ion sputtering. To prevent charging a combination of electron and ion neutralization was employed. The Ru 3d and O 1s XPS core level spectra were analyzed using a fitting routine which decomposes

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• the cluster, A = 57 eV and q = 2.25 are the fitting parameters. At low energy, the denominator is close to 1 and the equation is simplified to The functional dependence in Equation 1 and Equation 3 is the same except for the presence of the threshold energy Eth in Equation 1. In general, the existence

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• 4-nitrophenol, especially when considering the very short empty bed contact time (the time a treated solution is in contact with 2Z-HYCA@650 °C nanocomposite material) of 8.6 s, as determined from the AdDesignSTM software [48]. The rate constant obtained by fitting the data with the Thomas model

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• of Fe 2p with a fitting curve for sample C (a), O 1s (b) and C 1s (c) for the samples A (black curve), B (red curve) and C (green curve). The C 1s spectra has been normalized and aligned. XRD pattern for Fe2O3 nanoparticles (a) and decorated CNTs with Fe2O3 nanoparticles (b). Electrical resistance of

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• -filler composites (Figure 2b) were also applicable to the hybrid composite, when fitting the viscosity curves (Figure 4b) to a modified version of the K–D model that takes a multiple filler system into account [62]: The overall relative viscosity of the hybrid includes contributions of each filler’s

• ). Single-filler composites: (a) TC and (b) viscosity and relative viscosity as functions of filler type and volume fraction at constant shear rate (0.1 1/s) and temperature of 25 °C. Each graph displays the fitting parameters. The solid lines in (a) are fits to the ROM model (Equation 1), and those in (b

• ), to the Krieger–Dougherty model (Equation 2). The dashed lines in (b) represent the critical volume fraction, φM, found by fitting to the Krieger–Dougherty (K–D) model (Equation 2). Some error bars are hidden by the data symbols due to small measurement errors. Storage modulus (G', solid symbols) and