A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• mainly consists of Ti4+ and Zr4+ oxides. On the other hand, Figure 4d and Figure 4e reveal the Ni 2p3/2 and O 1s peaks obtained from the as-spun alloy and as-dealloyed alloy before and after immersion in deionized water. The O 1s region analyzed by using a Gaussian fitting method (Figure 4e) shows three

Magnetic-field sensor with self-reference characteristic based on a magnetic fluid and independent plasmonic dual resonances

• Kun Ren,
• Xiaobin Ren,
• Yumeng He and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 247–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.23

• saturation value nsat. nMF follows the Langevin function [2]: In Equation 15, H is the magnetic field strength, T represents the temperature, and α is a fitting parameter. Hc is the critical field (ca. 30 Oe). n0 denotes the refractive index of the magnetic fluid at magnetic fields lower than the critical

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• ][28]. Data fitting was performed using Leptos 4.02 software package provided by Bruker. The electron density was simulated by a box type function. The thicknesses of the Se and Te wetting films were fitting parameters (the density of this film was fixed) and for all samples, the fit equated 2 ± 0.5 nm

• . The optical thickness of the Ag and Au layers were fitted for the samples without the wetting films fabricated in the same processes, and then fixed for all other samples, while the density was left as a fitting parameter for all samples. The thickness and density of the LiF protective films were

• fitted for the samples without wetting films, and then fixed for all other samples. The wetting films/metal and metal/LiF interface roughness were left as fitting parameters. More information about XRR modeling can be found in [40] and references therein. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• Sb2S3 has 30 predicted Raman active modes: ΓRaman = 10Ag + 5B1g + 10B2g + 5B3g [18][20]. The Raman spectra were deconvoluted using Lorentzian fitting into vibrational bands of Sb2S3 based on the literature [12][16][21][22]. The centers of the bands of Sb2S3 in the deconvoluted Raman spectra (Table 1

• optical transmittance spectra of glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 34: Additional XRD, EDX data, SEM images, Lorentzian fitting of Sb2S3 Raman vibrational bands, and Tauc plots. Acknowledgements We acknowledge Dr. Valdek Mikli from the Laboratory of

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• with decreasing size [38]. However, it is unlikely that U > −3kBT, and within the considered range, the value of U will not affect our fitting results. ν is a local packing parameter, i.e., a local volume fraction within the aggregate, and for the random packing of polydisperse spheres it does not

• describing the arrangement of primary particles within the composites, and A is a single collective fitting parameter in our model, which is proportional to the number density of aggregates, Nagg, and their specific surface area, SSAagg. Hence, it expresses indirectly the size/extent of the aggregates. In

• distribution of this parameter in the fitting routine. The need for such mathematical treatment is in fact a manifestation of the actual physical effects, if we consider that aReHS represents a radius of a LZM molecule. A LZM molecule can become, at least partially, heterogeneously deformed (on average, in a

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• system with a base pressure of 10−9 mbar. Adventitious carbon was removed from the surface by 1 min, 2 kV Ar+ ion sputtering. To prevent charging a combination of electron and ion neutralization was employed. The Ru 3d and O 1s XPS core level spectra were analyzed using a fitting routine which decomposes

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• the cluster, A = 57 eV and q = 2.25 are the fitting parameters. At low energy, the denominator is close to 1 and the equation is simplified to The functional dependence in Equation 1 and Equation 3 is the same except for the presence of the threshold energy Eth in Equation 1. In general, the existence

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• 4-nitrophenol, especially when considering the very short empty bed contact time (the time a treated solution is in contact with 2Z-HYCA@650 °C nanocomposite material) of 8.6 s, as determined from the AdDesignSTM software [48]. The rate constant obtained by fitting the data with the Thomas model

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• of Fe 2p with a fitting curve for sample C (a), O 1s (b) and C 1s (c) for the samples A (black curve), B (red curve) and C (green curve). The C 1s spectra has been normalized and aligned. XRD pattern for Fe2O3 nanoparticles (a) and decorated CNTs with Fe2O3 nanoparticles (b). Electrical resistance of

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• -filler composites (Figure 2b) were also applicable to the hybrid composite, when fitting the viscosity curves (Figure 4b) to a modified version of the K–D model that takes a multiple filler system into account [62]: The overall relative viscosity of the hybrid includes contributions of each filler’s

• ). Single-filler composites: (a) TC and (b) viscosity and relative viscosity as functions of filler type and volume fraction at constant shear rate (0.1 1/s) and temperature of 25 °C. Each graph displays the fitting parameters. The solid lines in (a) are fits to the ROM model (Equation 1), and those in (b

• ), to the Krieger–Dougherty model (Equation 2). The dashed lines in (b) represent the critical volume fraction, φM, found by fitting to the Krieger–Dougherty (K–D) model (Equation 2). Some error bars are hidden by the data symbols due to small measurement errors. Storage modulus (G', solid symbols) and

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an important technique for the investigation of interfaces in DSCs [49][50]. Fitting of the Nyquist and Bode plots, which are used to describe the EIS results, leads to parameters including the recombination resistance (Rrec), electron/hole transport resistance (Rtr), charge

• electrolyte. The constant phase element was employed in this study because of the surface roughness [51][52]. We chose to focus on understanding the observations involving the MBI additive, and EIS studies were conducted for electrolytes E2b, E2c and E2e. Measurements and curve fitting were made for duplicate

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• slopes of these lines using the following expression: The fitting results and Eα data are summarized in Table 4. Results show that the apparent activation energy increases as a whole with increasing conversion. Combined with the TGA data and the data of α as a function of T, the Eα values of NLDH can be

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• the sp2-hybridized carbons in the graphene structure, since pristine graphite presents only an asymmetric peak at ca. 284 eV (carbon atoms in sp2 environment) [39][40][41]. The curve fitting of the C 1s spectra, also presented in Figure 4, can provide detailed information on the oxygen-containing

• groups, since these groups induce different environments for the carbon atoms and, consequently, their corresponding C 1s photoelectrons present slightly different binding energies [34][39][40][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The comparison of the curve fitting for GO and rGO-25 shows the

• groups, and the conversion of some epoxy to hydroxy groups [28][45][46][48]. In contrast, rGO-80 presents a dramatic change in the C 1s spectral profile, evidenced by an intense peak at ca. 284 eV and a weak shoulder at 285–290 eV. The comparison of the curve fitting for this sample and rGO-25 shows a

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• electrostatic interaction. For each interaction image three curves are obtained: a (true) van der Waals interaction ΔνvdW(d) curve (Figure 3, middle row), a tip–sample capacitance C″(d) curve (not shown) and a contact potential UCP(d) curve (not shown). As discussed in the Experimental section, by fitting these

• frequency shift with bias, as expected from Equation 3. Fitting the experimental data to a parabola, for each horizontal (voltage) scan line three parameters are determined: the position of the minimum of each parabola, corresponding to the contact potential UCP, the vertical “offset” of the parabola

• Hamaker constant the experimental data is essentially processed as follows: First, a radius R and the pole of the electrostatic interaction h/ε are determined from the capacity curve C″(d) by fitting to the term πε0R/(d + h/ε)2 (second term in Equation 2). Then the Hamaker constant is determined from a

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• magnetic coupling constant and T is the temperature. The simultaneous fitting of the susceptibility and the χT product with the Fischer expression above lead to refined values of g = 2.00(1) and J = −0.026 cm−1. The g value was left free during fitting and is in line with the tabulated g values for Gd ions

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• (measured at 1.06 μm under ps excitation), points – experimental data, red curve – fitting; (c) comparison of the absorption saturation curves for NRs grown for 5–15 h. The data plotted in (b) are adapted from [28]. Tm:KLuW laser: CW operation and passive Q-switching by ZnO NRs grown for 5 h: (a) input

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• File 1, Figure S1. The volume fraction of magnetite and gold can be evaluated using the average NP diameter (assuming spherical Au–Fe3O4 NPs) by TEM and from fitting by modified Rietveld refinement from XRD. Importantly, the ratio of Fe3O4 to Au is almost constant at about 97% for MNP-15, MNP-25, and

• [50]. Fitting HC(T) yields an average blocking temperature TB which can be translated into Keff via 21·kBT ≈ Keff·V where kB the Boltzmann constant and V the NP volume. The prefactor 21 accounts for an attempt frequency of 109 Hz and the VSM measurement time of 1 s [51]. Table 3 lists the extracted

• Science & Technology (NUST) “MISIS” that are a modification of the Rietveld method, based on the minimization of the difference between the experimental spectrum, taken from the points, and model (calculated) one. For fitting the spectra, the lattice parameters, the amount of each phase and their

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• gives the averaged frictional force . The corresponding frictional coefficient μ was obtained by subsequently fitting the data with Ffric = Fad + µ·Fload. Cantilevers and the cross section of a sandfish dorsal scale were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SUPRA 60 VP, Zeiss, Germany

• (µgr = tan θ) with sand but it does not allow for a classical load-vs-friction analysis. We, therefore, conducted microscopic measurements recording friction-vs-load for various probes and surfaces. Fitting a straight line to the data we obtained the friction coefficient from the gradient of this fit

• in Figure 6b. As for Figure 6a, we measured at three different spots for each normal load value. Fitting the frictional coefficients as before, we obtained µ values for sand debris (0.27) and spherical glass probe (0.28), which are slightly larger than those for the sharp silicon tip (plotted again

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• ). XPS spectra were analyzed with the Casa-XPS software using a Shirley background subtraction and Gaussian–Lorentzian curves for fitting. UV–vis spectra were recorded by a double-beam Thermo Fisher Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer in reflectance mode. The spectra were recorded in a range of

• ] in the wavelength range of 300–1200 nm. The fitting error was below 5% for Au and below 3% for Si, for both real and imaginary parts. The scheme of the system for numerical simulations that imitated the experimental setup is shown in the Figure 12. Two independent simulations were performed, each for

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• presented curves we used a simple linear fit of the high field region. In this case the fitting function has two variables, the slope (RH) and an offset, which corresponds to the saturated AHE amplitude RAHE. A second sign for the interaction between magnetic and conducting subsystems is the appearance of a

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• carefully fitting the Fabry–Perot resonances in the transmission spectra. The distribution of refractive index naturally follows the spatial distribution of SiNCs and therefore it can be approximated by an asymmetric Gaussian function. The spatial profile of the refractive index is schematically depicted by

Influence of the thickness of an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer on the static and dynamic magnetization of weakly coupled CoFeB/IrMn/CoFeB trilayers

• Deepika Jhajhria,
• Dinesh K. Pandya and
• Sujeet Chaudhary

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2198–2208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.206

• absorption is obtained. For each frequency, the values of Hr and ΔH and were extracted from the fitting of the FMR spectra with the derivative of the Lorentzian function. Results and Discussion The XRR spectra and their simulated fits for trilayered films with tIrMn = 0, 2, 4 and 6 nm are shown in Figure 1

• . For all the samples, distinct Kiessig fringes appeared over a wide range of the incidence angle (ca. 4°). This indicates the presence of sharp interfaces and excellent sample quality. The summary of the fitting results is presented in Table 1. The interfacial width between top CoFeB and underlying

• proportional to the thickness of the CoFeB layers (up to 50 nm, data not shown), demonstrating that the UMA is a volume anisotropy rather than an interfacial anisotropy. From the fitting of the angular data, the individual values of uniaxial and cubic anisotropy field were calculated with the following

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• radius of gyration Rg and the forward scattering I(0) were calculated by using the Guinier plot (Figure 2b) and are 53.5 ± 1.8 Å and 531 ± 18, respectively. Additionally, with the help of the PRIMUS software [26] the fitting of SAXS spectra in a globular model with a local monodisperse approximation was

• typical for the structure with a core of smaller electron density than the solvent and with shell of a larger electron density than the solvent (the known values of electron densities for water, CH2 chains and PEG are 0.33 e/Å3, 0.274 e/Å3 and 0.4 e/Å3 [27], respectively). The fitting of the data obtained

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• solid lines).The slopes (b) of the fitting curves (y = a + bx) are: b = 0.19 ± 0.01 °C/mW (1064 nm); b = 0.3 ± 0.1 °C/mW (800 nm); b = 0.3 ± 0.1 °C/mW (730 nm). Irradiation area ≈ 0.4 cm2. Workflow scheme of the antibacterial properties study. (a) Temperature increase of PVA and PVA-GNS films upon

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• possibilities. (b) N 1s core level spectra corresponding to 5 and 15 min nitrogen implantation of CVD few-layer graphene at 250 °C and 430 °C annealing from top to bottom, respectively; experimental data (dotted line), peaks resulting from a least-square fitting procedure (continuous red line). A Shirley-type