Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• matrix and additive was tested through coating the Ag-NPs with dodecanethiol, a non-polar surfactant. The resulting composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and in terms of surface antimicrobial activity. The results demonstrate that the Ag-NPs synthesized in this work are indeed

• antimicrobial, and that it is possible to imbue a polymeric matrix with the antimicrobial properties of Ag-NPs. Keywords: antimicrobial activity; DIO coating; halloysite; nanocomposites; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The number of people dying from bacterial infections has been significantly reduced with

• the potential of the Ag-NPs for industrial application by dispersing them into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and evaluating the chemical compatibility between matrix and additive by testing a dodecanethiol (DIO) coating to improve the dispersion of the Ag-NPs into LDPE. The resulting composites were

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• ][39][40][41][42][43]. The CS algorithm is mainly divided into three parts including the construction of the measurement matrix, signal sparsity, and image reconstruction. In some sense, taking a random measurement matrix is an optimal strategy for the acquirement of sparse signals [44]. The choice of

• acquisition process can be simulated by a linear equation. In the molecular simulation of an AFM image, every pixel of the image is calculated independently. A n × n simulated image can be seen as a 2D matrix and all rows of the matrix can form a vector x ∈ RN (N = n × n). The entire signal acquisition

• process can be described as where x is the true value of the original signal, and y ∈ RM is the measured value of the original signal. The matrix Φ ∈ RM×M represents the linear measurement matrix that obtains the M-dimensional measurement results in the N-dimensional space, as shown in Figure 2. If M < N

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• in the adsorbate matrix. This approach was previously used in problems of pattern formation in different types of reaction–diffusion systems (see, for example, [75][76][77]). By varying the adsorption rate α and the rate of adatom transference between layers k∥ we have obtained a stability diagram

• formation processes, that is, separated adsorbate structures on a substrate or separated holes inside the adsorbate matrix. It follows that in the case k∥ → 0 (no mass transfer between layers) or small α adsorption/desorption processes can not induce pattern formation. For a fixed value k∥ = an increase of

• the adsorbate matrix (bottom panel in Figure 3b). It follows, that a variation in the adsorption rate α and/or the rate of the transference reactions k∥ can lead to different morphology of the surface layer. In Figure 4 we show the stability diagram at ε = 4 and the dependence αm(k∥), which was

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• Table 1) after 0, 1, 4, and 24 h of incubation. The media AGF, ALF, and CCM can be used to evaluate the AgNP transformation during their passage from the gastrointestinal system into the body, after entering the extracellular matrix and going through cellular uptake. Furthermore, the behaviour of AgNPs

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• during deformation. Other materials of interest for nuclear reactor design that have been the subject of HIM irradiation studies include silicon carbide grains in a pyrolytic carbon matrix [79], α-LiAlO2 pellets [80], tristructural-isotropic fuel particles [81], oxide dispersion-strengthened steels [82

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• matrix inversion method [47], we convert the 3D stack of Δf data into the out-of-surface force component F⟂. The now obtained 3D force stack enables us to evaluate the interaction between the tip and the monolayer substrate without being strongly influenced by the electronic corrugation as in STM-only

Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor

• Oliver Gretz,
• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Thomas Holzmann,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 517–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.42

• sensor. The weighted average must also take into account the direction of the tip oscillation: where A is the oscillation amplitude. Extracting force and potential energy from the measured Δf is a complex inversion problem requiring deconvolution. Several deconvolution methods include a matrix inversion

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• equations. Following the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), it is possible to calculate the dipole polarized by the incident light and all the other dipoles in the nanoparticle matrix, in addition to predicting the behavior of their respective spectra. Figure 11 shows the extinction, absorption, and

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• different sizes and oxidation states. The spinel structure consists of a matrix composed of oxide ions O2− (32e, Wyckoff sites) with cubic close-packed structure, stabilized with cobalt ions (Co2+) in tetrahedral positions (8a, Wyckoff sites) and cobalt ions (Co3+) in octahedral positions (16d, Wyckoff

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• microspheres (SCGMs) and silicone rubber as stretchable conductive thread (SCT) and a silicone rubber-coated SCT as the other triboelectric thread [15]. This TENG can convert the biomechanical energy from human joint motions. The elastomer matrix guarantees that the TENG can be applied in stretchable

• contact-separated working mode with double electrodes makes it difficult to connect the current conducting wires to moving objects when trying to harvest mechanical energy. Besides, the organic–inorganic composites prepared by embedding relatively hard SCGMs into a soft silicone rubber matrix reduce the

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• ]. Several studies have been published on manganese germanide systems, from deposited films to free-standing nanoclusters and Mn embedded in a Ge matrix, but only few works have been devoted to one-dimensional Mn–Ge systems [11][12][13][20][21][22][23][27]. Semiconducting and alloyed nanowires can be

• detailed analysis of the influence of growth and annealing temperatures and annealing time on size and aspect ratio of the NWs is in progress to quantify the formation mechanisms and the driving forces at work in our experiments. However, the effect of both temperature and lattice matrix properties

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• dielectric properties (e.g., SiO2 and ZnO) exhibit a dependence of the electrical resistance with temperature [22][23]. SiO2 and ZnO films are obtained by various deposition techniques, such as matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) [24][25], spin coating of sol–gel precursor solutions [26], radio

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• Osteoblasts are bone-mineralizing cells situated inside the matrix boundaries of the osteoid. They can release matrix vesicles containing calcium and phosphate, eventually leading to precipitation and growth of bone mineral [1][2]. They adhere to and spread on a wide spectrum of pristine and coated material

• surfaces, such as titanium and polyallylamine [3][4][5], gelatin–nanogold [6], polyelectrolytes and arginylglycylaspartic acid peptides [7], or extracellular matrix proteins [5][8][9]. Especially on the nonphysiological surfaces of permanent implants, the settling of cells and the swift formation of large

• investigation of the membrane itself, there are intricate issues concerning the applied forces during cell surface–nanoprobe interactions. For example, cellular responses, such as cytoskeleton rearrangements and repair of the extracellular matrix, may be triggered. Thus, the native state of the membrane may

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• each profile as fitting parameters. The continuous profiles are discretized in layers thin enough to give the smoothest possible variation and then the transfer matrix technique [27] is used to simulate the reflectance of the structure. This is actually a similar process as that used by Vukusic and

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• into the cytoplasm [276]. When synthesized, the AgNPs are capped by a matrix of polysaccharides in and out of the cells [191], and the size of synthesized AgNPs varies depending on the cell type; however, AgNPs with average sizes as low as 4.3 nm [192], and as high as 35 nm [277] were reported. The

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• smoother part in the center consists of PC (blue) dissolved in the epoxy matrix (brown). In addition, boehmite NPs (green) form rougher structures; however, they are not released into the epoxy matrix since they are enclosed in every case by PC (blue). The points which were assigned to be interphases in

• organic matrix material: bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA, Araldite® LY 556, Huntsman) cured with an anhydride curing agent, methyl tetrahydrophtalic acid anhydride (MTHPA, Aradur® HY 917, Huntsman) and accelerated by an amine, 1-methyl-imidazole (DY070, Huntsman). The mixture of epoxy, hardener, and

• the epoxy matrix. The measurements were performed with the tip E. Supporting Information Additional information regarding the attractive regime and AHam under ambient conditions, the derivation of kref and kr, and the procedure for establishing the tip radius, R. Additional data treatment for the

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• HIM [32][34][49]. We are not aware of any currently published biological application of RBS in the HIM. However, from scattering kinetics it follows that RBS is most sensitive to heavy elements in a light matrix. For bio-imaging this implies that RBS could be a promising technique to study systems

• the development of mammalian tooth enamel [67][71]. Tooth enamel consists of hydroxyapatite crystals, which form needle-shaped nanocrystals of several micrometres length with a diameter below 100 nm. HIM revealed insight into the complex interactions between the enamel-forming cells, matrix proteins

Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots

• Patryk Florków,
• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1873–1890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.169

• ” carbon nanotubes [42][43]. The reason for incorrect predictions of the zone folding theory for small-diameter tubes is the neglect of the curvature-induced breaking of the three-fold (C3) rotational symmetry. When graphene is deformed into a nanotube, the curvature causes the overlap matrix elements to

• equilibrium energy gap is 37 meV·nm2 [9][63]. ΔO and ΔZ stand for orbital and Zeeman parameters of spin–orbit coupling in the form: where sz is the spin component along the nanotube axis and lx is the Pauli matrix in the A–B graphene sublattice space. ΔZ = −δcos(3Θ)/D and ΔO = δ/D [63]. Various theoretical

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• porous silica surface and the successful growth of sheet-like NiPS particles on top of the SiO2 matrix. The addition of TiO2 (51 m2/g) as expected, led to a lower surface area of the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composite (103 m2/g) compared to the mSiO2@NiPS core–shell nanostructures. Bandgap energy and surface

• ]. Figure 4d shows two fitted peaks for Ti 2p for mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 at binding energies of 458.5 and 464.3 eV, confirming the successful deposition of TiO2 on the mSiO2@NiPS matrix to form the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composite. The two peaks correspond to the Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 states, respectively, and are

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• hard templates. The synthesis of the desired material takes place in the pores of the template, which serves as a nanoreactor for the reaction. Thus, particle growth is restricted to the pore size of the porous matrix. After removal of the mold, the precursors are characterized by a maximum particle

• diameter corresponding to the pore size of the porous matrix and, consequently, by a high specific surface area. Silica matrices, such as Santa Barbara Amorphous silica (SBA-15) or Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology silica (KIT-6), have been used successfully as hard templates to

• channels of the mesoporus silica host are still intact (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). Figure 4 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern at room temperature of the powdered BiFeO3 sample after the removal of the silica matrix. The XRD diffraction pattern indicates the formation of the pure-phase

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• the intracellular matrix of free solution, CNTs-COOH, CNTs-PEG, and CNTs-PEG-PEI was quantitatively investigated by flow cytometry (FCM) to compare the uptake efficiency and intracellular accumulation of the different DOX-loaded nanocarriers. MCF-7 cells were cultivated into 12-well plates at 1 × 105

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• studies [11][35]. A point-contact sensor matrix is a structure consisting of a large number of mechanically stable Yanson point contacts. These contacts correspond to point contacts produced using the Chubov technique [36], which is the most efficient technique used in Yanson point-contact spectroscopy [4

• ][5]. The density of the primary nanostructured sensing elements in the sensor matrix was between 5 × 104 and 6 × 104 Yanson point contacts per square millimeter of the observable surface. The mesoscopic point-contact sensor matrix has a small integrated source of energy, which is manufactured with a

• special technique during the synthesis of this nanostructure. The production of the energy source and the matrix as a whole is based on electrochemical processes described previously [34][37][38]. The applied technology guaranteed high reliability and longevity to the sensor elements. Point-contact sensor