Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• silver nitrate solution (10−3 M concentration from 99.9% pure AgNO3, Sigma-Aldrich Denmark A/S). After 20 h of incubation at room temperature and in darkness, the pieces were removed, rinsed with tap water and placed on a glass slide to dry for several hours, also in darkness. After drying, the samples

Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to methanol in CuO-loaded NaTaO₃ nanocubes in isopropanol

• Tianyu Xiang,
• Feng Xin,
• Jingshuai Chen,
• Yuwen Wang,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Xiao Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 776–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.69

• oxide (Ta2O5, 99.99%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 96%) and isopropanol (iPrOH, 99.9%) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, AR) was purchased from Tianjin Guangfu Chemical Reagent Company. All reagents were used as received without any further purification. The

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• solution consisting of zinc nitrate and hexamine. This inverted growth scheme was preferred in order to avoid contamination effects due to sedimentation and to achieve a uniform growth pattern [35][36]. Further, the suspension of wild-type, photoactive bR was prepared with aqueous amphipol (A8-35) in a 1:5

• coating (Millman, single-stage coating unit) was performed at 3000 rpm for 20 s to obtain a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanorod (ZnO-NR) synthesis ZnO-NRs were grown on the ZnO-TF substrate by the hydrothermal method [36][83]. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (0.2 M) was used as a precursor salt and was

• dissolved in aqueous ethanol (30%). A separate equimolar solution of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) was also prepared in aqueous ethanol (30%). These solutions were stirred for 30 min at 60 °C. The growth solution was obtained by slow titration of HMT solution against zinc nitrate solution [34]. The ZnO

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• used throughout this study were grown in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 150 mL modified Bold's Basal Medium (BBM, pH 6.8) with 50% less nitrate and without vitamins [43][44][45]. The cultures were shaken continuously horizontally (Labworld Orbital Shaker 20) and placed in a temperature-controlled

Characterisation of thin films of graphene–surfactant composites produced through a novel semi-automated method

• Nik J. Walch,
• Alexei Nabok,
• Frank Davis and
• Séamus P. J. Higson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 209–219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.19

• first reported by Notley et al. [4]. This method was chosen for a number of reasons; firstly, it does not require the use of hazardous chemicals such as sodium nitrate, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and hydrazine hydrate, which are used in the oxidation of graphite to graphite oxide and the

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• acid (H2SO4), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) [106]. Recently, Hummers-modified methods have been proposed in order to produce a higher fraction of well-oxidized hydrophilic carbon material with a more regular structure where the basal plane of the graphite is less disrupted

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• produces a large fraction of particle clusters with small interparticle distance, which generates an efficient hot spot distribution. Experimental Materials. Ethylene Glycol (EG, ≥99%) was obtained from Scharlab. Sodium sulfide nonahydrate, PVP (Mw = 55000), silver nitrate and GO solution (4 mg mL−1) were

• . Then, 0.175 mL of a 0.72 mg mL−1 sodium sulfide solution and 3.75 mL of a 20 mg mL−1 PVP solution in EG were subsequently added to the flask. The flask was thermostated for additional 10 min, until a temperature of 150 °C was again established. A silver nitrate solution (1.25 mL) in EG with a

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• sonication in ethanol, dried with nitrogen and spin-coated with a seed solution that was prepared by dissolving 0.0457 mg of zinc acetate dihydrate in 50 mL of ethanol. The samples were then baked at 350 °C for 30 min and then submersed in a water-based precursor solution containing 25 mM of zinc nitrate

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• widely known. Around the 1800s silver nitrate was commonly applied topically to treat burns and ulcerations or infected wounds, although its use declined following the introduction of antibiotics. Fox revived its use in the form of silver sulfadiazine, which is applied topically in burn therapy [23]. An

• + ion leaching. Therefore, the combination of all three species is more efficient in binding and lysing bacteria. Experimental Chemicals and Materials: Silver nitrate, AgNO3 (99.99%), was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Distilled water was purified using Whatman® 0.2 µm filters. A

• film for further analysis. The use of microwaves to synthesize silver nanoparticles has been shown to work in the presence of an eco-friendly reducing agent [54]. Silver nitrate can decompose into metallic silver, NO2 gas and O2 by the addition of heat as represented in Equation 1 [55]: In our study

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• –100 nm, l = 250–700 nm) were obtained [16]. The reaction of manganese(II) nitrate with elemental S in octadecylamine at 200 °C gave 50 nm α-MnS hexagons at high S concentration, whereas γ-MnS rods (d ≈ 50 nm) resulted at low S concentration [22]. The hydrothermal reaction of manganese(II) chloride

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• Materials and apparatuses α-Lipoic acid (≥98%), 1-ferrocenylmethanol (97%), dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (99%), HAuCl4.3H2O (99.9%), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (99%), sodium nitrate (≥98%), human IgG (hIgG, ≥95%), polyclonal anti-human IgG antibody (α-hIgG), polyclonal anti-human IgG antibody (gIgG

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• concentration of 45 mM, and were prepared according to Gerstel et al. [26]. For the preparation of the mineralization solution, equal amounts of HMTA and histidine stock solutions were mixed. Afterwards, the zinc nitrate solution was added dropwise to obtain a ratio of [Zn2+]/[HMTA]/[His] of 1:1:1. The

In situ SU-8 silver nanocomposites

• Søren V. Fischer,
• Basil Uthuppu and
• Mogens H. Jakobsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1661–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.168

• the composite matrix. At higher precursor concentrations, larger agglomerated NPs are dominant and large islands of phase separated Ag are formed in the composite. Experimental Preparation of Ag NPs in cyclopentanone Materials Silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.0%) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥98.0%) was

• bought from Sigma-Aldrich. Luviskol® VA 64, a poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP/VA) mixture was kindly gifted by BASF. Method 1 g of PVP/VA and 0.1 g of silver nitrate is dissolved in 50 mL of absolute ethanol. 0.02 g of sodium borohydride and 0.2 g of PVP/VA dissolved in 10 mL of absolute

Materials for sustainable energy production, storage, and conversion

• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1601–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.163

• with examples in the contribution by Arnulf Latz and Jochen Zausch [7]. Last but not least, Nicole Pfleger, Antje Wörner and colleagues [8] discuss the current state-of-the art and future options for thermal storage using nitrate salts. I would like to thank all authors and the referees for their

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• consumption. This review focuses mainly on material aspects of alkali nitrate salts. They include thermal properties, thermal decomposition processes as well as a new method to develop optimized salt systems. Keywords: eutectic mixture; molten salt; nitrate; phase change material; thermal decomposition

• , nitrate/nitrite mixtures, carbonates, chlorides, fluorides and carbonates. The cationic part of state of the art fluids usually consists of alkali/alkaline earth elements. The remainder of this chapter considers the respective materials more into detail. Sensible energy storage in anhydrous molten salts

• salt handling. For sensible heat storage in solar power plants, a non-eutectic molten salt mixture consisting of 60 wt % sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and 40 wt % potassium nitrate (KNO3) is used. This mixture is usually known as “Solar Salt”. Due to the increased amount of NaNO3 as compared to the eutectic

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• Suzhou NSG Electronics Co. Ltd. (Suzhou, China). Prior to use, it was divided into the strips (50 × 6 mm). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received without any further purification. Silver nitrate (AgNO3), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2

• ), and potassium nitrate (KNO3) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The solutions were prepared using deionized water (>18 MΩ·cm). Silver template preparation The Ag NP templates on ITO glass strips were prepared by electrodeposition in a similar manner as described

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• ablation was reported [25][26][27]. Alloying of presynthesized silver core/gold shell nanoparticles by refluxing with oleylamine [28] or ultrasonication of separate gold and silver nanoparticles [29] was also described. Here, an aqueous co-reduction of silver nitrate and tetrachloroauric acid with a

• is possible that a passivating effect from the alloyed gold is responsible for these observations. Future studies on the time-dependent dissolution of such alloyed nanoparticles in biological media may help to better understand this effect. Experimental Chemicals We used silver nitrate (Roth, p.a

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• discharge and charge [70]. Analogous to the lithium–sulfur batteries, the use of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) seems to improve the cyclability of Li/O2 cells as well. In publications by Liox Power Inc., it was shown that LiNO3 leads to an improved stability of the lithium electrode solid electrolyte interphase

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu_1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

• Xiaoliang Yan,
• Sha Li,
• Yun-xiang Pan,
• Zhi Yang and
• Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

• nitrate and thiamine hydrochloride were selected as the starting materials in the water phase under hydrothermal conditions. No addition of a surfactant or a complex reagent was required for the synthesis of the Cu1.8S dendrite structures. Thiamine hydrochloride was employed as a sulfur source and

• sulfur source. In addition, the functional groups in thiamine may play an important role in the oriented growth of copper sulfide. To the best of our knowledge the application of thiamine hydrochloride, an abundant and cheap biomolecule, and copper nitrate in water for the growth of Cu1.8S with a unique

• metal ions could interact with biomolecules to form stable complexes. In this experiment, copper nitrate and thiamine hydrochloride is dissolved in water to form a mixture in which Cu2+ ions coordinate with thiamine hydrochloride to form a complex. When the mixture was sealed and kept at 180 °C under

Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates

• Omar F. Farhat,
• Mohd M. Halim,
• Mat J. Abdullah,
• Mohammed K. M. Ali and
• Nageh K. Allam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 720–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.73

• procedure, 0.05 M zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) was mixed with hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) in a glass beaker and slowly stirred until complete dissolution was achieved. The growth temperature and time was 95 °C and 3 h, respectively. The beaker was then left inside the oven for 30 min to cool down to 40 °C

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• nitrate control. Nanoparticle concentration was 10 µg/mL. (A) Motility assessed with Computer Assissted Sperm Analysis, (B) Membrane integrity assessed with propidium iodide stain and flow cytometer, (C) morphology assessed with phase contrast microscope and evaluation of 200 sperm cells per group per day

• . Shown are percentage of spermatozoa, which differ compared to the control [values are mean ± SD]. Reproduced with permission from [50]. Copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry. Oocyte maturation rates after 46 h of in vitro maturation in the presence of various nanoparticle types or silver nitrate in

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• ), pyruvic acid, silver nitrate, NaN3, sodium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sarcosinate, streptomycin sulfate, sulforhodamine B (SRB), 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane, MTT, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Triton X-100, trizma-Base, trypsin/EDTA (5

• %), and zinc nitrate, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from GibcoBRL, Gaithersburg, MD. Nanocomposite synthesis The nanocomposites ZnO:Ag (1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30% Ag) were synthesized following a previously

• reported procedure with some modifications [29]. Briefly, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and the required amount of silver nitrate (1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mol %) were dissolved in 5% v/v Tween 80 to achieve 50 mM concentration. The resulting substrate solution was titrated against 100 mM NaOH through a drop-wise

Tunable white light emission by variation of composition and defects of electrospun Al₂O₃–SiO₂ nanofibers

• Jinyuan Zhou,
• Gengzhi Sun,
• Hao Zhao,
• Xiaojun Pan,
• Zhenxing Zhang,
• Yujun Fu,
• Yanzhe Mao and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 313–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.29

• -Aldrich, aluminum nitrate nanohydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were used for the Al and Si sources, respectively, both purchased from Shantou Chemical Corp., China. All other chemicals were purchased from Tianjin Chemical Company (Tianjin, China). All chemicals were analytically pure

Green preparation and spectroscopic characterization of plasmonic silver nanoparticles using fruits as reducing agents

• Jes Ærøe Hyllested,
• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Nicolai Hagen,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 293–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.27

• capability to reduce silver and gold salts and to create silver and gold nanoparticles. We report the preparation of silver nanoparticles with sizes between 10 and 300 nm from silver nitrate using fruit extract collected from pineapples and oranges as reducing agents. The evolvement of a characteristic

• surface plasmon extinction spectrum in the range of 420 nm to 480 nm indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles after mixing silver nitrate solution and fruit extract. Shifts in plasmon peaks over time indicate the growth of nanoparticles. Electron microscopy shows that the shapes of the

• enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Extracts from these two fruits have been used for preparing silver and gold nanoparticles [12][15][16][17][18][19]. Here we explore the formation of nanoparticles by varying conditions in the preparation process such as ratios of the mixtures of silver nitrate and fruit

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• mL of 0.1 M CTAB, 7 μL of 0.04 M silver nitrate (AgNO3), and 105 μL of 0.08 M ascorbic acid. Nanoparticle size was controlled by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We determined a length of 38 ± 6.5 nm and a width of 17 ± 3 nm for nanorod and a diameter of 43 nm for spheres [25]. Concentrations