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Search for "particle size" in Full Text gives 547 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

  • Sina Kaabipour and
  • Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Graphical Abstract
  • AgNPs allowed effective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ball milling method is an inexpensive approach for the synthesis of AgNPs in a solid state [140], and can be used for the synthesis of AgNPs in ambient temperature, with a fair control over particle size
  • [143][231]. In most cases, AgNPs are synthesized in metal oxide thin films such as TiO2, SiO2, and ZrO2 where the average particle size is almost 10 nm when the heating temperature is 600 °C in the case of SiO2 thin films, and 500 °C in the case of TiO2 and ZrO2 [231]. Arun Kumar et al. [145
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Published 25 Jan 2021

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

  • Yuri Ya. Gafner,
  • Svetlana L. Gafner,
  • Darya A. Ryzkova and
  • Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

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  • , during chemical synthesis, the preferred internal ordering and composition of the nanoparticles of the Cu–Au alloy, even at room temperature, is a very complex process that depends on the particle size and on the environmental properties [10]. Compared to chemical methods, physical methods offer a better
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Published 19 Jan 2021

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

  • Dorothee Silbernagl,
  • Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
  • Natalia Cano Murillo,
  • Anna Maria Elert and
  • Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

Graphical Abstract
  • , with a primary particle size of 20 nm, are dispersed and incorporated in electrospun fibers of PC with a diameter 1 µm < Ø < 10 µm (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The electrospun fibers are subsequently embedded into epoxy. A detailed description of the sample preparation is found in the
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Published 18 Jan 2021

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

  • Cynthia Kembuan,
  • Helena Oliveira and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

Graphical Abstract
  • silica shells with two different thickness values were grown onto these cores to enable the investigation of a possible relation between the degree of cytotoxicity, particle size, and silica shell thickness. The particles were subsequently functionalized with N-(6-aminohexyl)-3
  • proportional to the 6th power of the particle size, small changes in the aggregation state of the nanoparticles cause significant changes in the Z-average in DLS. Both non-functionalized samples were more cytotoxic compared to the amino-functionalized particles. UC@thin exhibits only a slightly higher degree
  • provides information regarding particle size, and side-scatter (SS), which provides information regarding the complexity of the particles, parameters were measured. STEM image of (A) oleate-coated UCNPs (NaYF4: 18% Yb, 2% Er). (diameter = 33 ± 2 nm), (B) UC@thin (thickness of the silica shell (tSiO2) = 7
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Published 08 Jan 2021

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

  • Saja Al-Khabouri,
  • Salim Al-Harthi,
  • Toru Maekawa,
  • Mohamed E. Elzain,
  • Ashraf Al-Hinai,
  • Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
  • Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
  • Ali A. Yousif and
  • Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoparticles have sizes ranging from 5 to 24 nm, with an estimated average size of 10–19 nm (Figure 1b). The particle size distribution is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. In addition, a HRTEM image (Figure 1c) indicates a lattice spacing of 0.26 nm for the (311) plane of the MnFe2O4
  • due to the existence of a diamagnetic component in CNTs. In the literature, the reported value for MnFe2O4 nanoparticles of 12.5 nm in size is 55 emu/g [27]. From the above analysis it can be concluded that particle size has a major effect on the blocking temperature value. Shape, anisotropy, and
  • lower hyperfine field compared to the bulk. In agreement with the literature, particle size was observed to be the major parameter affecting the magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization and blocking temperature. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, attached to the external surface of the tubes and inside
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Published 29 Dec 2020

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO3 nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

  • Thomas Cadenbach,
  • Maria J. Benitez,
  • A. Lucia Morales,
  • Cesar Costa Vera,
  • Luis Lascano,
  • Francisco Quiroz,
  • Alexis Debut and
  • Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

Graphical Abstract
  • the particle size. The smaller the particle, the greater the specific surface area is and, thus, the more active sites are available for photodegradation [15][18]. In addition, it was shown that size and shape of BiFeO3 particles have a direct influence on the bandgap of the material. Smaller BiFeO3
  • (Figure 5c) and bulk material (Figure 5d) [6]. The increase in efficiency when compared to larger particles can be explained by the lower bandgap and, certainly, by the higher surface area of the smaller particles. However, it was shown by Infante and Park that a reduction in particle size can actually
  • very narrow particle size distribution. The results also suggest that the nanoparticles are characterized by a low concentration of surface defects and a low level of local strain, which is ideal for surface-based applications such as photocatalysis. This is confirmed by the reaction kinetics of the
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Published 07 Dec 2020

Self-standing heterostructured NiCx-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

  • Shengyu Jing,
  • Xu Gong,
  • Shan Ji,
  • Linhui Jia,
  • Bruno G. Pollet,
  • Sheng Yan and
  • Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

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  •  2a shows that the Prussian blue analogues formed on the surface of PP have a well-defined cubic shape with an uniform particle size distribution. The particle size was approx. 80 nm. These cubic particles were made out of many small particles and many cavities were observed on the surface. SEM images
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Published 02 Dec 2020

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

  • Shuoye Yang,
  • Zhenwei Wang,
  • Yahong Ping,
  • Yuying Miao,
  • Yongmei Xiao,
  • Lingbo Qu,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Yuansen Hu and
  • Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

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  • transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-200CX). To determine particle size and zeta potential, a sample of 200 μL (with a concentration of 50 μg·mL−1) was dispersed in deionized water to a final volume of 3 mL. Particle size and zeta potential were measured using laser particle analysis (Malvern Zetasizer
  • 3000HS). A volume-weighted Gaussian size distribution was fit to the autocorrelation functions to obtain the particle size and zeta potential values. The atomic fractions of C, O, and N in the different SWCNTs samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific
  • -PEG and CNTs-PEG-PEI is rough, and some particles appear to be attached and distributed along the CNTs sidewalls, maybe indicating that PEG and PEI groups are conjugated onto nanotubes (Figure 2E,F, Figure 3E,F). The results listed in Table 1 show that the average particle size (length) of the CNTs
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Published 13 Nov 2020

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

  • Hiroaki Komuro,
  • Masahiro Yamazoe,
  • Kosuke Nozaki,
  • Akiko Nagai and
  • Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

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  • of 75 kV. The particle size distribution of the HAp nanoparticles was measured via NTA (NanoSight NS10, Malvern). Cell culture HL-1 is a cell line derived from mouse atrial myocytes, which was originally isolated and characterized by Dr. Claycomb (University of Louisiana) [39]. HL-1 cells (murine
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Published 05 Nov 2020

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag2S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

  • Raid A. Ismail,
  • Hanan A. Rawdhan and
  • Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

Graphical Abstract
  • bromide (CTAB) surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method [15]. Zhang et al. synthesized monodisperse Ag2S NPs using thermolysis of harmless silver xanthates as a single-source molecular precursor and controlled the particle size by changing the alkyl chain length in the precursors [16]. Recently, Kang et al
  • fabricated by a chemical method. They show that the Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) planted on the surface of Si create impurity states in the Si bandgap. In pulsed laser ablation, the interaction between laser and material particles leads to severe particle aggregation and broad particle size distributions via
  • Ag2S prepared in the Tu solution with and without CTAB were calculated using Scherrer equation with the most prominent (−121) plane and found to be 26 and 35 nm, respectively. The particle size of Ag2S prepared with CTAB was smaller than of that prepared without CTAB, which is in good agreement with
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Published 21 Oct 2020

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

  • Daniel F. Quevedo,
  • Cody J. Lentz,
  • Adriana Coll de Peña,
  • Yazmin Hernandez,
  • Nahal Habibi,
  • Rikako Miki,
  • Joerg Lahann and
  • Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

Graphical Abstract
  • . However, the particle size can also be exploited in the presence of EP(3), as it is proportional to the square or the cube of the particle size, depending on which model is used [24][63][64]. In addition, a second nonlinear phenomenon to consider is dielectrophoresis, which is defined as the particle
  • trapped. By setting vp = 0 in Equation 7, the electrokinetic equilibrium condition (EEEC) can be expressed as [25][26]: where Equation 9 is used to estimate the threshold for particle trapping. This particle trapping parameter is a factor of both particle charge and particle size. It can be used to
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Published 13 Oct 2020

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

  • Matías Guerrero Correa,
  • Fernanda B. Martínez,
  • Cristian Patiño Vidal,
  • Camilo Streitt,
  • Juan Escrig and
  • Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

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  • bacteria (inhibition zone diameter of E. coli: 22 ± 0.86 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria (inhibition zone diameter of B. subtilis: 23 ± 0.9 mm) [88]. Bio-reduction of silver nitrate with Parkia speciosa leaf extract generated spherical Ag NPs with an average particle size of 31 nm [89]. A major
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Published 25 Sep 2020

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

  • Mathias Franz,
  • Romy Junghans,
  • Paul Schmitt,
  • Adriana Szeghalmi and
  • Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

Graphical Abstract
  • broad particle size distribution. The surface is covered by more than 44%, which means 876 particles/μm2. The Pt particles mainly have a diameter below 10 nm with 495 particles/μm2. The total surface coverage did not exceed 1.0%. This result implies that the Pt film was significantly thinner than the
  • , we were able to cover the whole wafer surface homogeneously with nanoparticles. The particle size distribution can easily be modified by varying film thickness and annealing conditions or, correspondingly, the number of ALD cycles for the Ir particles. Silicon etching The wafers with noble metal
  • distributed walls with trenches of various sizes. This structure comprises nanopores of a few nanometres in diameter. The observed diameter distribution of the vertical trenches corresponds to the particle size distribution of Figure 1f. This indicates that all particles contribute to the etching process
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Published 23 Sep 2020

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

  • Sebastian Tigges,
  • Nicolas Wöhrl,
  • Ivan Radev,
  • Ulrich Hagemann,
  • Markus Heidelmann,
  • Thai Binh Nguyen,
  • Stanislav Gorelkov,
  • Stephan Schulz and
  • Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

Graphical Abstract
  • platinum loading, degree of oxidation, and the very narrow particle size distribution are precisely adjusted in the Pt/C hybrid material due to the simultaneous deposition of platinum and carbon during the process. The as-synthesized Pt/C hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell
  • , and Pt-NPs with a mean particle diameter less than 3 nm and a narrow particle size distribution (PSD) with a geometric standard deviation of 1.24–1.3 can be achieved. Furthermore, the NP immobilization within the carbon support significantly improves the long-term stability of the catalyst, as shown
  • limitations and increases the surface area [20]. A typical histogram of the Pt-NPs is shown in Figure 2c, displaying a narrow PSD with a geometric standard deviation [21] between 1.24 and 1.3. Such a narrow PSD, in combination with a small particle size, is essential to reach high mass activities in catalysis
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Published 17 Sep 2020

Transient coating of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

  • Konstantin Paliienko,
  • Artem Pastukhov,
  • Michal Babič,
  • Daniel Horák,
  • Olga Vasylchenko and
  • Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

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  • treatment with blood plasma were transferred into the standard salt solution. The mean nanoparticle size was 245 nm (Figure 8b), confirming that blood plasma prevented a significant increase in particle size due to presence of chelating agents in the standard salt solution. Simulation of the spatial
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Published 10 Sep 2020

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

  • Owen C. Ernst,
  • Felix Lange,
  • David Uebel,
  • Thomas Teubner and
  • Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

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  • possibility to further process the obtained particles as nanocatalysts is verified. The importance of a persistent thin communication wetting layer between the particles and its effects on particle size and number is also clarified here. In particular, the intrinsic reduction of the Laplace pressure of the
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Published 09 Sep 2020

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

  • Yuko Matsukawa,
  • Fabian Linsenmann,
  • Maximilian A. Plass,
  • George Hasegawa,
  • Katsuro Hayashi and
  • Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

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  • particle size and the abundant micropores in the samples as confirmed by carbon dioxide (CO2) sorption measurements. CO2 and water vapor (H2O) sorption were carried out at 273.15 K (0 °C) and 293.15 K (20 °C), respectively. From the results of Kr and CO2 adsorption, the specific surface area (SSA) was
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Published 14 Aug 2020

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

  • Sonia M. Lombardo,
  • Marc Schneider,
  • Akif E. Türeli and
  • Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

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  • the brain. However, bigger nanoparticles, if correctly functionalized, are also able to cross the BBB, although to a slightly lower extent. Thus, key to increase the amount of drug delivered to the brain is finding the optimal particle size. Larger particles can be loaded with larger amounts of drugs
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Published 04 Jun 2020

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

  • Gyllion B. Loozen,
  • Arnica Karuna,
  • Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
  • Erik Schreuder and
  • Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

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  • background results from the interplay of the particle size and the degree of confocal filtering. The successful optical trapping of polystyrene microparticles and the Raman spectra are promising results, opening up possibilities for on-chip trapping and Raman spectroscopy of biological particles such as
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Published 27 May 2020

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

  • Xiangdong Ye,
  • Bo Tian,
  • Yuxuan Guo,
  • Fan Fan and
  • Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

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  • nanoparticles with a particle size of 500 nm are filled into a structure with an etching size of 50 × 30 × 25 μm. Hence, the weight fraction of the SiO2 nanoparticles is calculated according to Equation 1 [20]: Here, ω is the weight fraction of the SiO2 nanoparticles, ρm is the density of SiO2 (2648 kg·m−3 [18
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Published 20 Apr 2020

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

  • Shanshan Wang,
  • Wei Sun,
  • Dong-sheng Yang and
  • Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

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  • the fluorescent quenching to the aggregation of CDs, which increased the particle size from 2.6 ± 0.2 nm to 4.4 ± 0.2 nm. However, there are few studies in the literature focusing on the comparison of the PL behavior of CDs made from the same biomass precursor with different synthetic or processing
  • microscope (TEM) (JEOL 2010F). ImageJ software was used to analyze the TEM images and to determine the distribution of particle sizes for the calculation of average particle size. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the prepared carbon nanoparticles was conducted on a Thermo Scientific K
  • CDs (surface state), and 3) the quantum confinement effect (size dependence). From Figure 2, we note that the average particle size of the CDs is 11.02 ± 3.29 and 9.57 ± 0.99 nm for the HTC-CDs and LA-CDs-10%, respectively, and the average particle size of the annealed-CDs is 3.89 ± 0.65 nm. There is
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Published 09 Apr 2020

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

  • Matthias Simolka,
  • Hanno Kaess and
  • Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

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  • solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on graphite anodes and HOPG [14][15][16], Li metal [17] and on cathode materials [18][19] as well as the changes in particle size during ageing [19][20]. Other AFM modes used for the analysis of ageing are, for example, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and
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Published 07 Apr 2020

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

  • Ludovica Soddu,
  • Duong N. Trinh,
  • Eimear Dunne,
  • Dermot Kenny,
  • Giorgia Bernardini,
  • Ida Kokalari,
  • Arianna Marucco,
  • Marco P. Monopoli and
  • Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

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  • the particle size, were found to be critical in influencing the nanomaterial's ability to induce adverse effects [7]. However, although such properties were shown to clearly affect the pro-/anticoagulant activity of NPs, the direction of the effect varies depending on the tested material, and it is
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Published 03 Apr 2020

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

  • Robert Kozioł,
  • Marcin Łapiński,
  • Paweł Syty,
  • Damian Koszelow,
  • Wojciech Sadowski,
  • Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
  • Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

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  • . The exponent calculated for the films annealed at 550 °C for 15 min is 2.26 ± 0.03. The dependence of the diameter of the islands on the thickness of the initial film, on the basis of which the calculations were made, is presented in Figure 5a. Figure 5b–d presents the particle size histograms
  • the particle size is increasing, the resonance peak is broadened, its position is red-shifted and additional higher-order resonances can appear. A much more complicated situation occurs in the case of other (e.g., elliptical) shapes of nanostructures. For elliptical nanostructures, two resonances can
  • , calculated for Ag films annealed at 550 °C for (a) 15 min and the particle size histograms calculated for the nanoparticles obtained after annealing of films with an initial thickness of (b) 3 nm, (c) 5 nm and (d) 7 nm. SEM images of a 2.8 nm thick film, annealed at a constant temperature of 550 °C for
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Published 25 Mar 2020

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag+: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

  • Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
  • Denis A. Sevastyanov,
  • Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
  • Pavel L. Padnya,
  • Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
  • Yuriy N. Osin and
  • Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

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  • out after mixing the solutions at 293 K. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The particle size distribution formed as a result of self-association of the pillar[5]arenes 2–4 was determined at 20 °С by dynamic light scattering using a nanoparticle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern) in quartz
  • were held for 1 h and then the particle size was measured. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of 3/Ag+ and 4/Ag+ associates was carried out using the Hitachi HT7700 Exalens transmission electron microscope with an Oxford Instruments X-Maxn 80T EDS
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Published 05 Mar 2020
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