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Search for "reactivity" in Full Text gives 252 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

  • Veronique Dupuis,
  • Anthony Robert,
  • Arnaud Hillion,
  • Ghassan Khadra,
  • Nils Blanc,
  • Damien Le Roy,
  • Florent Tournus,
  • Clement Albin,
  • Olivier Boisron and
  • Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

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  • that for FeCo nanoalloys in carbon environment especially for sizes smaller than 4 nm in diameter, the drawback of carbide formation is in competition with the benefit of tetragonal distortion expected for improving their magnetic properties. In this case, we have shown that the chemical reactivity of
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Published 28 Nov 2016

Functionalized platinum nanoparticles with surface charge trigged by pH: synthesis, characterization and stability studies

  • Giovanna Testa,
  • Laura Fontana,
  • Iole Venditti and
  • Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1822–1828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.175

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  • functionalizing layer around MNPs is of primary relevance; in fact, not only solubility but also optical properties and reactivity are strongly dependent on the external layer surrounding the MNPs [13]. The functionalization of MNPs determines their interaction with the external environment and affects their
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Published 24 Nov 2016

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

  • Aleksey A. Egorov,
  • Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
  • Anton V. Mironov,
  • Vladimir S. Komlev,
  • Vladimir K. Popov and
  • Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

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  • the carboxylate group of alginate. This physical bonding translates to mixtures that are rich in electronic pairs leading to a higher reactivity and mineralization potential that can be transformed into composite materials [13]. According to X-ray diffraction data, synthesis in the presence of
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Published 21 Nov 2016

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

  • Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
  • Jacek Wojnarowicz,
  • Agnieszka Chodara,
  • Tadeusz Chudoba,
  • Stanislaw Gierlotka and
  • Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

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  • occurrence of the aforementioned elements affects the activity of bone-cell-related enzymes. The introduction of Mg2+ and CO32− ions causes a decrease in the size of crystals and an increase in solubility. The high reactivity of bone apatite is a result of low crystallinity. The reactivity is reflected in
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Published 04 Nov 2016

Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O

  • Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
  • Alberto Calloni,
  • Rossella Yivlialin,
  • Andrea Picone,
  • Federico Bottegoni and
  • Marco Finazzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1527–1531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.146

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  • porphyrin reactivity [1]. In particular, the metal atom is placed in the middle of the main cavity of the porphyrin, which has a planar structure, allowing the metal atom to interact from both sides of the molecule. The molecule–substrate interaction can be interpreted in terms of a bond between a special
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Published 27 Oct 2016

False positives and false negatives measure less than 0.001% in labeling ssDNA with osmium tetroxide 2,2’-bipyridine

  • Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1434–1446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.135

Graphical Abstract
  • unosmylated T must measure substantially lower than 1/10,000 due to the 27-fold higher reactivity of T compared to C. However, osmylated C undergoes degradation that amounts to about 1–2% for the duration of the labeling protocol. This degradation may be further characterized, possibly suppressed, and the
  • it was found that one of the contrast agents, a 1:1 mixture of osmium tetroxide and 2,2’-bipyridine, exhibited extraordinary properties, and was considered to be the “perfect” label (Scheme 1). These attributes are (i) room temperature reactivity at mM concentration, (ii) no loss of label upon
  • standing, (iii) superior selectivity for T over C by a factor of 27, (iv) undetectable degradation of the DNA strand under the labeling conditions, and (v) undetectable reactivity towards the purines (false positives). Most importantly OsBp reactivity towards T or C was found to be independent of
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Published 12 Oct 2016

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

  • Vardan Galstyan,
  • Elisabetta Comini,
  • Iskandar Kholmanov,
  • Andrea Ponzoni,
  • Veronica Sberveglieri,
  • Nicola Poli,
  • Guido Faglia and
  • Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

Graphical Abstract
  • RGO–ZnO response to the same concentration of ethanol is about 2.2 times higher compared to ZnO. The improvement of the sensing properties in the presence of RGO may be reasonably ascribed to the enhancement of the overall surface of the hybrid material, which would benefit the reactivity of both
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Published 10 Oct 2016

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

  • Serene S. Bayram,
  • Klas Lindfors and
  • Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

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  • produce highly anisotropic UV–visible spectra reminiscent of high aspect ratio 1D nanoparticles such as rods. While such structures have been observed for gold nanoparticles, the greater reactivity of silver has made its controlled assembly more difficult. This degree of anisotropy reported here, with
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Published 26 Aug 2016

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO2 nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

  • Protima Rauwel,
  • Augustinas Galeckas,
  • Martin Salumaa,
  • Frédérique Ducroquet and
  • Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

Graphical Abstract
  • of symmetry. This implies a local change of the electronic structure [36] along with an increase in π mismatch. This in turn accentuates the reactivity of these MWCNTs and converts these defects into receptors for functional groups on the surface of the nanoparticles. Buckling and kinking of the
  • MWCNT arises due to rearrangement of C atoms around the curved area giving rise to vacancies and dangling bonds. These defective areas are well known for their high reactivity to foreign atoms [37]. In Figure 1d, nanoparticles are attached to the side walls of the MWCNT. It has to be emphasized here
  • the MWCNT which is a result of the sonication treatment and will be discussed in a forthcoming paper. This provokes a breakdown in the graphitic structure, which once again affects the electronic structure and increases the reactivity of the MWCNT to foreign atoms. Optical properties The distinctive
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Published 26 Jul 2016

Modelling of ‘sub-atomic’ contrast resulting from back-bonding on Si(111)-7×7

  • Adam Sweetman,
  • Samuel P. Jarvis and
  • Mohammad A. Rashid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.85

Graphical Abstract
  • common vacuum contaminant, our tip termination could also easily be a number of other common contaminants (for example H, OH or O), which would also suppress the chemical reactivity of the tip apex. Therefore our modelling, using CO parameters, is only intended to represent a ‘generic’ passivated tip. In
  • modification of the chemical reactivity of the tip due to mechanical deformation. Interestingly, somewhat similar features are reproduced in simulation using the flexible tip, with an inversion of contrast directly over the adatoms. This results from the deflection of the tip, and is the origin of the contrast
  • in the chemical reactivity of the tip. This evolution in contrast is not reproduced in the simulations using a very stiff tip (right column), where the atoms of the Si(111)-7×7 surface remain spherical throughout. This highlights the essential requirement for considering the flexibility of the tip
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Published 29 Jun 2016

Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO3(001) and SrTiO3(110) surfaces

  • Miyoko Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 817–824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.73

Graphical Abstract
  • with local depletion of O−, which was caused during sample preparation by ion-beam bombardment and UHV annealing. These surface charges, which induce an electric field variation at the interface, could affect the local interfacial reactivity [64][65] and hence the position of each deposited atom. It is
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Published 07 Jun 2016

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

  • Brunella Perito,
  • Emilia Giorgetti,
  • Paolo Marsili and
  • Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

Graphical Abstract
  • modified AgNPs were the most effective, showing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in a restricted range of 1.0–3.7 µg/mL. An explanation is proposed for this result based on the increased surface reactivity of the metal surface due to the presence of positively charged active sites. Keywords
  • comparison with colloids ablated in pure water. This explanation is based on the increased surface reactivity of the metal surface due to the presence of positively charged active sites. The higher antimicrobial activity shown by the ps-ablated colloids with respect to the ns-ablated colloids could, instead
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Published 18 Mar 2016

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

  • Michal Valášek,
  • Marcin Lindner and
  • Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

Graphical Abstract
  • , two, or three gold atoms, respectively [68]. Furthermore, the high reactivity of the thiol group not only guarantees a robust functionalization of gold electrodes. It can also lead to complication during the self-assembly process. The intermolecular linking of bifunctional dithiols due to disulfide
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Published 08 Mar 2016

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

  • Tuan Anh Pham,
  • Andreas Schreiber,
  • Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
  • Stefan Schiller and
  • Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

Graphical Abstract
  • connection via gold–thiol binding. The Au NP network shows similar reactivity to the colloidal Au NPs as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. To explore the broad application of our concept, Hcp1_cys3 is also applied to assemble Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs. The reaction is
  • network as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol is a standard reaction to evaluate the catalytic reactivity of NPs [34]. The evaluation is based on the time-dependent absorbance decrease of the 4-nitrophenol cation at 400 nm. The absorbance
  • change at 400 nm (ln I/I0 at 400 nm, where I0 is the absorbance at t = 0 s) was linearly fitted to obtain the reactivity constant, k. In Figure 7 the UV–vis spectra of the 4-nitrophenol solution during the catalytic reaction and the absorbance change at 400 nm are shown. The Au network shows a smaller k
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Published 04 Mar 2016

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

  • Yongfeng Tong,
  • Tingming Jiang,
  • Azzedine Bendounan,
  • Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
  • Angelo Giglia,
  • Stefan Kubsky,
  • Fausto Sirotti,
  • Luca Pasquali,
  • Srinivasan Sampath and
  • Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

Graphical Abstract
  • . We discuss some recent studies based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that shed light on these aspects for a series of such organic molecules. Keywords: copper; nickel; palladium; reactivity; selenol; selenophene; self-assembly; thiol; thiophene; Introduction In recent years research related to
  • interaction with the substrate is strong and can lead to dissociative processes. This is, for instance, the case of copper and transition metals (Ni and Pd), which are characterized by a greater reactivity than gold. Thus, in the case of thiophene, dehydrogenation and desulfurization is well known to occur on
  • . We emphasize this variability, which we attribute to differences in the surface characteristics that can lead to differences in reactivity and changes in the relative intensity of components related to dissociation channels. This can also explain the difference between the characteristics of the
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Published 17 Feb 2016

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Ivona Capjak,
  • Tea Crnković,
  • Marija Lovrić,
  • Michal Babič,
  • Daniel Horák,
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček and
  • Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

Graphical Abstract
  • good agreement with recently published data for stabilization of different metallic NPs in protein-containing media [3][54][61][62][63][64]. The mechanisms of PC adsorption and the way how the PC is arranged at the NP surface are crucial for gaining an understanding of the biological reactivity of NPs
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Published 15 Feb 2016

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

  • Marco Notarianni,
  • Jinzhang Liu,
  • Kristy Vernon and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

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Published 01 Feb 2016

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

  • Yun Ding and
  • Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

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  • reaction. The reactivity is not impeded by long sequences of pyrimidines, as evidenced by the rate for complete osmylation of dT15 that is, within experimental error, comparable to the rate of monomer osmylation, i.e., dTTP to dTTP(OsBp) [46]. It turns out that the same protocol, in the absence of any
  • (HPLC) with ion exchange chromatography (see Experimental section). The oligo was chosen so that cross-linking of two strands to form a 64 nt long conjugate could be easily detected by this HPLC method. The presence of the tail is not expected to have a major effect on the reactivity of the alleged OsBp
  • saturated 2,2’-bipyridine (sat. bipy)). Saturated 2,2’-bipyridine in water is approximately 30 mM as indicated in the literature. Experiments and kinetic determinations with the new OsBp stock solution (unpublished results) revealed that the reactivity is 4-fold higher compared to the OsBp 1:1 preparation
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Published 22 Jan 2016

Surface-site reactivity in small-molecule adsorption: A theoretical study of thiol binding on multi-coordinated gold clusters

  • Elvis C. M. Ting,
  • Tatiana Popa and
  • Irina Paci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 53–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.6

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  • in aminoacid or peptide behavior upon adsorption on non-ideal surfaces, i.e., substrates with adatoms, high-Miller-index facets or surface curvature have been examined individually [41][42][43][44][45], but no rigorous studies of the dependence of surface binding on site reactivity or coordination
  • convolution of site reactivity and van der Waals attraction was found to determine the preference of methylthiolate to one or another binding site. As a result, adsorption was strongest at the kink sites (cf and fg), at edge sites where strong methyl-Au dispersive interactions could be established with the
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Published 18 Jan 2016

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

  • Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

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  • and the molecular layer in all carbon MJs is currently unknown. We showed that the Raman spectrum of the molecular layer is not significantly altered by eC/Au deposition [43], but a covalent bond is likely to form given the reactivity of carbon atoms and clusters generated in an e-beam source. With
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Published 11 Jan 2016

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

  • Elena Dilonardo,
  • Michele Penza,
  • Marco Alvisi,
  • Cinzia Di Franco,
  • Francesco Palmisano,
  • Luisa Torsi and
  • Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

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  • affects the ZnO morphology and crystallinity, the distribution of Au dopants on the ZnO nanostructures, and the chemical composition at the interface between the two systems; therefore, it should strongly influence the ZnO properties concerning the gas adsorption and reactivity, as discussed in the next
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Published 08 Jan 2016

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

  • Maria Nowacka,
  • Anna Kowalewska and
  • Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

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  • diluted solutions and the morphology of the coated samples was studied with AFM (Figure 1). AFM studies of LPSQ-COOH/X coated on native mica The structure and reactivity of LPSQ-COOH/X makes the polymers suitable for the formation of planar PSAMs on various reactive surfaces. Side carboxylic groups in
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Published 11 Dec 2015

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

  • Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
  • Mohammad Alizadeh and
  • Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

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  • their interesting structures and properties [2][3][4][5][6]. The extremely small scale of nanoparticles (NPs) is the main factor leading to their surprising reactivity as compared to their corresponding bulk metals [7]. However, most of these supports suffer from inefficiency to achieve highly
  • , At is the absorbance at any time t, and A0 is the absorbance at time t = 0. From the linear relations of ln(At/A0), shown in Figure 10, we found that the rate constant (k) for this reaction is 0.041 s−1, which is comparable to that previously reported [39][40][41][42]. The enhanced reactivity of the
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Published 03 Dec 2015

Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

  • Anu Baby,
  • He Lin,
  • Gian Paolo Brivio,
  • Luca Floreano and
  • Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

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  •  1b,d show the undistorted adsorption configuration as it is calculated at a T site. Bending at the central position is in agreement with the findings about the reactivity of pentacene and related molecules [20], as described in terms of the molecular aromaticity (defined as the ability of the π
  • the central carbon atoms in acenes and decrease towards the outer ring ones [25]. Other studies related reactivity to the ring current showing that this is highest for the central ring in the case of pentacene and also the highest proton chemical shift is found for the hydrogen atoms attached to the
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Published 27 Nov 2015

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

  • Daniela Lehr,
  • Markus R. Wagner,
  • Johanna Flock,
  • Julian S. Reparaz,
  • Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
  • Alexander Klaiber,
  • Thomas Dekorsy and
  • Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

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  • success of our synthetic route. A bromo-substituted compound [Br(CH3)3Zn4(Ot-Bu)4] (2b) could be obtained in an analogous way using Br2 as a reactant and [MeZnOt-Bu]4 as starting compound (see Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Due to the high reactivity of elemental bromine, the reaction leads to
  • possible. Therefore, alternative routes towards the desired monochlorinated compound needed to be explored. The reactivity of the starting, heterocubane compound could be reduced further, when using ethylzinc instead of the methylzinc derivative [55]. Furthermore, the dipolar character of the Zn–CH2CH3
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Published 18 Nov 2015
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