Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• 15 kg/mol), polystyrenesulfonate sodium salt, (PSS, Mw 70 kg/mol), sodium hypochlorite with active chlorine 13%, phosphate buffered saline 10× (PBS), glutaraldehyde solution grade II 25% in water, Hank´s balanced salt solution 10×, sodium chloride and graphite powder (<45 μm, ≥99.99% trace metals

Electroviscous effect on fluid drag in a microchannel with large zeta potential

• Dalei Jing and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.226

• deionized water and saline solutions using the colloidal probe atomic force microscopy technique. They also found that an increasing surface charge density results in a decreasing slip length. Thus, the coupling between the surface charge and slip should be considered when study the combined effect of EDL

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• sodium azide (0.01%) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.2, 0.01 M), the product was stored at 4 °C in a dark bottle [38]. UV analysis of Au nanoparticles In this study, two modes of analysis were performed to compare the concentration of the Au nanoparticles and the rate at which they were

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• as described earlier in literature [64]. In brief, cells were quickly rinsed in warm phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4) and fixed with 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 15 min at room temperature (RT). Next, cells were washed with PBS and permeabilized for 5 min at

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• gift from Amano Enzyme, Inc. (Nagoya, Japan). The specific activity of BOx, measured to be 140 U·mg−1, was determined using 5 mM 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as an electron donor dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• (C6) (Mw 350.43), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), acetic acid, sulforhodamine B (SRB), trypan blue, ribonuclease A (RNase) from bovine pancreas (Mw 13,700; solution of 50% glycerol), propidium iodide (Mw 668.39, purity ≥ 94%) and Triton XTM-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• fibronectin isolated from human plasma. Other reagents Other reagents used in the experiments were: (a) phosphate buffered saline (PBS, ICN Biomedicals, pH 7.4, containing 10 mM of PO42−, 137 mM of NaCl and 27 mM of KCl) was used to prepare all protein solutions; (b) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, Sigma

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• the polymer shell), by live HeLa cells in the presence or absence of human transferrin (TF) and human serum albumin (HSA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium. They studied the uptake of the NPs by quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy. For comparison, they also studied the cellular

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• washed and harvested in ice-cold phosphate buffer saline at 4 °C. Cells were then lysed in cell lysis buffer (2.5 M NaCl, 10 mM Trizma-base at pH 10.0, 100 mM Na2EDTA, 1% sodium sarcosinate, 1% Triton X-100, 10% DMSO) and centrifuged at 15000g for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was collected and

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• surfactant substitution and originated from bovine alveolar lavage. It is composed of surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C as well as phospholipids. It was suspended in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. Cell culture: ISO-HAS-1 (human microvascular endothelial cell line, originated

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• for 24 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry Particle uptake, cell viability, and CD marker staining were measured with a flow cytometer (FACS Canto II, BD, Heidelberg, Germany). The cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline without calcium (PBS−, Invitrogen) and incubated with 28.6

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• temperature using two different pH values, namely a pH value of 7.4 and 4.8 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, based on a method previously described [34][35]. A pH of 7.4 was chosen to demonstrate the drug release of LD in physiological environment, whereas a pH of 4.8 mimics the acidic conditions

• ) SWCNT–COOH and (B) SWCNT–LD. Release profiles of LD from SWCNT–COOH into phosphate-buffered saline solutions at pH 7.4 and pH 4.8. Fitting data for the release of LD from SWCNT–COOH to the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and the parabolic equation for pH 7.4 (A–C) and pH 4.8 (D–F). MTT assay of

• of the Raman peaks of SWCNT–COOH and SWCNT–LD nanohybrid. Correlation coefficient, rate constant and half-time obtained by fitting the data of the release of LD from SWCNT–COOH into pH 7.4 and pH 4.8 phosphate-buffered saline solutions at 25 °C. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• took place against phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the buffer was changed every 24 h (Figure 6A). Around 30% of the radioactivity was found in the dialysate after 24 h. Only around 4% of the radioactivity was detected in the removed buffer after 48 h. Similar results were obtained for samples taken

The fate of a designed protein corona on nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

• Denise Bargheer,
• Julius Nielsen,
• Gabriella Gébel,
• Markus Heine,
• Sunhild C. Salmen,
• Roland Stauber,
• Horst Weller,
• Joerg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 36–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.5

• blood-half-live of 3.6 min (59Fe) and 5 min (125I) for adsorbed and 3.8 min (both labels) for covalently bound transferrin. After 2 h, the mice were sacrificed by blood removal and the organs were perfused with saline and measured for radioactivity (Figure 6B and C). With both preformed protein coronas

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• incubator with 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C (HERA cell 150, Heraeus). Subculture was performed weekly after cells reached confluence. After the medium was removed, the cell monolayer was washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 4 mL) without magnesium and calcium ions and incubated with the chelating

Intake of silica nanoparticles by giant lipid vesicles: influence of particle size and thermodynamic membrane state

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Florian Seitz,
• Christoph Westerhausen,
• Armin Reller,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Achim Wixforth and
• Matthias F. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2468–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.256

• particle and the membrane. As shown in [33], the interaction between a neutral (i.e., zwitterionic) lipid bilayer and negatively charged silica surface is repulsive in pure water but attractive in phosphate buffered saline. The authors also give a plausible theoretical explanation for this finding by

Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices

• Stephanie Hirn,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Matthias Epple,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Markus Rehberg and
• Fritz Krombach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253

• . Immediately after the staining procedure, PCLS were mounted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on glass slides and observed by using a Leica SP5 confocal laser-scanning microscope (cLSM, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) with a PlanFluotar objective (Leica; 20×; NA 0.5). The excitation wavelength was 488

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• -NH2 led to characteristic DNA fragmentation, which is a definite sign of apoptosis. In contrast, xenografts grown on the CAM, which were treated with PS-COOH or saline, did not show DNA fragmentation [41]. THP-1 leukemia cells were more sensitive to PS-NH2 compared to human macrophages, which did not

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• surface functionalizations and investigated their interactions with various human cell lines, in particular HeLa cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of note, these studies were carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, or serum-free DMEM, so that we could probe interactions between

• to a microwave-assisted protocol as previously reported [29]. The as-obtained AuNCs were purified by centrifugation filtration using Nanosep filters (Pall Nanosep, Ann Arbor, MI), and re-suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, containing monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride and dibasic

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• in vivo. The median survival times of the saline, PTX, DDMC/PTX4 (particle size 50 nm), and DDMC/PTX5 (particle size 290 nm) groups were 120 h (treatment (T)/control (C), 1.0), 176 h (T/C, 1.46), 328 h (T/C, 2.73), and 280 h (T/C, 2.33), respectively. The supramolecular DDMC/PTX complex showed twice

• activity of the DDMC/PTX supramolecular complex on melanoma cells in vivo In vivo analysis of the anticancer activity and survival rates of the DDMC/PTX complex in B16F10 melanoma cells was carried by using 6-week-old C57BL/6 female mice with: PTX, DDMC/PTX4, DDMC/PTX5, and saline, following the

• average, 1885 mm3 of very severe tumor volume was observed. At 12 days after inoculation, PTX, DDMC/PTX4 (particle size 50 nm), DDMC/PTX5 (particle size 290 nm), and saline were administrated by intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection 3 times at a dose of 10 mg PTX/kg on days 12, 14, and 16. MST 50% survival

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• . Repeating base ssDNA sequences (AT)22 and (GC)22 were not used in this study because these sequences have high self-complementarity resulting in the formation of undesirable aggregates. All solutions were prepared using phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4, BST Scientific, Ltd.) unless otherwise stated. For

Effect of channel length on the electrical response of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An,
• Yani Zhang,
• Chee How Wong and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2081–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.217

• -3′), 100 μM single-stranded complementary DNA (cDNA, 5′-TGGAGTGTGACAATGGTGTTTG-3′), single-stranded non-complementary DNA (ncDNA, 5′-TGGTGTGTGACAGTGGTGTATG-3′), ethanolamine (EA, pH 9.0) and 0.1% Tween 20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• Technologies) while using 75 cm2 flasks (Falcon, Becton Dickinson GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. hMSCs were sub-cultivated every 7–14 d depending on cell proliferation. Adherent cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS, Life

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, and mixed these solutions, one after the other, with the NP solution (0.1–2 nM) to measure the hydrodynamic radius of the NPs as a function of protein concentration. With increasing HSA concentration, RH increased in a single step, indicating that the HSA molecules

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• slip to dampen movement artefacts (Figure 9). The gut segment was constantly moisturized with pre-warmed saline, and the body core temperature was maintained at 37 °C by using a homeothermic table. The mucosa was steadily perfused, as seen by an erythrocyte movement phenomenon, and the tissue remained