Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• process are the presence of a contamination layer on top of the sample and the continuous sputtering process, which can be decomposed in two steps: (1) a bombardment step, where argon ions are shot at a specific angle and a specific energy towards the sample, and (2) a cooldown step, where the target is

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• to 2000 Hz, with a frequency sweep step of 100 Hz/s. The sound pressure was set to 65 dB, and the charge amplifier's gain was set to 100 pC/V. Figure 11 shows the voltage peaks recorded by the oscilloscope at different times during the frequency sweep. The peak open-circuit voltage significantly

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• separate microreactor [12][22]. A traditional approach to producing microfluidic devices involves a three-step microfabrication process of (i) creating a channel mold using photolithography, (ii) fabricating the channels by casting the mold through soft lithography, and (iii) bonding the channel device to

• systems at low cost [24][25][26]. There are two techniques for producing 3D-printed microfluidic devices. In the first approach, monolithic microfluidic devices are 3D printed [27][28]. Although this one-step process offers the benefits of quick development and ease of fabrication, reducing the channel

• treated at 90 °C for 5 min on a hot plate. Following this step, silicon tubes were joined to the inlets of the microfluidic device using Loctite superglue. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles The droplet-based microfluidic device was used to synthesize Ag NPs. These droplets enable the uniform distribution

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• antibacterial activity. Results and Discussion Synthesis of AgNPs@Lac/Alg Our recent work has demonstrated the successful synthesis of AgNPs using a two-step process involving loading and reduction, resulting in nanocomposites composed of alginate and cyclodextrins [36][38]. In the first step, silver ions were

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• sample was then placed in 1% HF solution for 30 s to etch the top oxide layer. This step was followed by a rinsing with deionized water and drying in air. This procedure was necessary for an optimal KPFM analysis since the presence of a native oxide surface layer on top can lead to the measurement of a

• , immediately after the chemical cleaning step. The topography and the associated VCPD image are reported in Figure 2a and Figure 2b, respectively. Note that the origin (0;0) is identified as a point in the InP substrate. Moving along the positive direction of the y axis, one will reach the end of the sample

• have implemented theoretical modelling to this work. As a first step, we have simulated through ATLAS/Silvaco software [21] the energy bands profile of the analysed structure in the ideal case in which no surface defects are considered, qualitatively reproducing the expected energy bands profile in our

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• transition, the path is accelerated, possibly non-uniformly. In the next step, we investigate the dependence of the threshold current. For a fixed mass ratio, Figure 6 shows the threshold mass current. There are two regimes covered in that plot: (1) ρF = 0: the helix is not accelerated. The threshold Im

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• collected after centrifugation. To obtain the GQDs, the final black suspension was filtered through a 0.22 µm syringe filter. Fabrication of the electrochemical sensor A mirror-like surface was first achieved on the bare GCE by polishing it with 0.3 and 0.05 μm alumina powder. In the next step the GCE was

• components were sonicated for 30 min to create a homogeneous mixture that could be utilized for the modification of the bare GCE [29]. The final step was to drop cast 5 µL of the GQDs dispersion on the GCE surface and allow it to dry at room temperature. A GQDs-modified working electrode (GQDs/GCE) was

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• , multistep separation procedure. A fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, which does not require a separation step, is one development that has been made to get around this restriction [22]. Furthermore, chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography-coupled mass

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• note that the large steps in the curves are not caused by the accuracy of the calculations, but appear only as an “optical illusion” due to the presentation of the figure in limited size. In fact, each step is one of the consumption avalanches that appear quasi-periodically during the simulation. At

• appropriate magnification, every large step of the curve has a fine structure with plenty of small steps. Due to the small accumulation window (coinciding with the elementary time interval of the actual calculation), every such step can be resolved down to the independent consumption of sole particles. This

• depicts the fine structure of one typical big step corresponding to an avalanche of eaten particles during a relatively short time interval. The characteristic time intervals between the avalanches correlate with the periodic oscillations (rotations) of the system. The bold curve highlights the optimal

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• . Results and Discussion Fabrication of GaN/Ag substrates GaN/Ag substrates were fabricated by Ag deposition on nanostructured GaN platforms using PLD and MS (Figure 1). In the first step, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown GaN on sapphire epitaxial layers was exposed to photoetching

• layers, calculations of the layer growth rate as a function of time for the MS method and the number of laser pulses for the PLD method were performed. In the next step, we calculated the number of laser pulses necessary to deposit by PLD Ag layers with a thickness comparable to Ag layers deposited using

• substrates fabricated using MS and PLD under various conditions. The nanostructured GaN platforms and GaN platforms with MS-deposited Ag layers were fabricated at the Institute of High-Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences following a procedure described previously [30][31]. In the first step

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• ) was performed in different devices and on flexible and rigid substrates, providing a step forward towards scale-up and commercialization of the technology. Experimental Materials and apparatus Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with a nominal fiber width of 50 nm and several hundred micrometers of

• . (a) Sketch depicting the step-by-step process of sensing. (b) Correlation between the dielectric constant of the tested solvents and the maximum gain obtained from the Gain curves shown in Figure 3. (c) Correlation between the vapor pressure of the tested solvents and the width at half maximum (FWHM

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• produced and purchased. The publication of international standards is a key step in this process, such as recent publications on nomenclature [6] and structural characterization [7]. The measurement methods described in these standards, however, can be time-consuming and expensive. As the range of

• ]. Again, it is not clear if the same metrics can be applied to measurements performed on bulk material, where flakes are restacked or reaggregated. As many GNP products are produced through top-down manufacturing methods, which typically have a GNP yield of less than 100%, there is often a separation step

• in the production process [24][25]. Often based on a sedimentation process, this step removes the unexfoliated fraction of the material from the exfoliated product. However, if this process is not well designed and controlled, it is possible for the unwanted sediment to pass into the product stream

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• tapered linear gratings and a single CAE, which can be equivalent to the traditional FGC with all-focusing gratings. Also, it is a full-etch grating coupler, which can be achieved by a single etch step. The maximum coupling efficiency can be up to 8.61% (−10.65 dB) at 6.878 μm by optimizing the structural

• plasma etching (ICP). EBL is used to produce lithographically the grating pattern into the resist, which can be further transferred onto the Ge layer by ICP. This is a simple manufacturing process that requires only one single etch step. Then, we can use a continuous-wave single-frequency tunable MIR

• etch step. The manufacture is simple compared with multiple etching [1]. Therefore, after considering the production process, production cost and sensitivity, our proposed sensor based on Ge-on-Si is expected to have commercially available applications in the future. Conclusion In summary, we designed

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• purification Formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) during the boehmite synthesis is observed. Therefore, it is necessary to purify the obtained boehmite. Purification was performed by washing the synthesized samples with hot water to remove sodium chloride. After this step, the boehmite was filtered and dried at

• 70 °C [1][13]. Oxide synthesis Coloring ions (Cr or Fe) were used for oxide synthesis from boehmite. In the first step, 50 mL of water was added to 10 wt % (in relation to the total mass of boehmite powder (w/w)) of transition metal chloride (CrCl3 or FeCl3) powder (5 and 20 wt % amounts were also

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• ordering by external fields or forces, nano/microfabrication, and material modification using biological phenomena are selected and combined. These processes include both equilibrium and nonequilibrium processes. The structures created by combining these processes or by working on them step by step are

• conversion of polymer chains to 8-carbon armchair graphene nanoribbons was observed to be efficient at the Au(111) monatomic step at around 670–720 K. The asymmetric distribution of periodic vacancies can form frontier orbitals with wiggly and linear geometries. On-surface synthetic nanoarchitectonics may

• , respectively. Next, the authors went one step further and deposited Pd porphyrin molecules on Au(111), where diblock co-oligomers were already present, and annealed them again. It was confirmed that triblock co-oligomers were formed as expected, albeit in relatively small yields. Thus, multiblock oligomers

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• catalytic activity of the catalysts with and without GO were studied. The catalysts were fabricated via a two-step electrodeposition. The first step included the deposition of GO flakes, which, in the second step, were reduced during the simultaneous deposition of NiFe or CoNiFe. As a result, NiFe-GO and

• the electrodeposition of conductive films on active metals [26]. The morphology of the deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is presented in Figure 1b–f. Typical GO flakes regularly distributed over the surface of the nickel foam were successfully obtained after the one-step

• indicates that most of the oxygen functional groups in GO were removed, and thus the GO present in the structure of the NiFe or CoNiFe is in a reduced form [20]. The analysis confirms that the second step of the electrodeposition process leads to the simultaneous deposition of NiFe or CoNiFe and the

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• initial thermalization step) up to 1000 °C, the increase in nanoparticle temperature was found to be only 20 °C [84]. This implies by no means a weak efficiency of heat production due to plasmon relaxation, as high temperatures (230 °C for AgNPs for example) are possible, depending on the various factors

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• process that should start at the very first step of concept and design. Particular attention should also be paid to the translational and regulatory aspects of nanobiomedical devices in order to enable them to be used in future clinical practice [3]. With proper consideration of these impacts, the

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• for aging at room temperature before the purification step. The Ch-Ag NPs were cleaned with 1% acetic acid solution to remove unreacted chitosan by ultracentrifuging (Hitachi, Himac CP100 wx) at 40,000 rpm for 30 min. The collected Ch-Ag NPs were dispersed in distilled water and filtered through a

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• . The results presented here provide a biomimetic route to the single-step synthesis and assembly of SiO2 nanoparticles into colloidal gels or opal-like structures. Keywords: biocatalysis; biomimetics; nanoparticle; peptide; self-assembly; silica; Introduction Ordered structures of nanoparticles have

• utility of a silica-binding peptide (SiBP) in the single-step synthesis and self-assembly of SiO2 nanoparticles into ordered 3D structures. The SiBP is a member of the “solid-binding peptides” family. Solid-binding peptides are designed to have strong and often specific binding affinity to solid surfaces

• uniform particles with increased peptide concentration. The third hypothesis of the study was accepted as the SiBP improved the self-assembly behavior by adhering on the particle surface and reducing the negative surface charge. The results presented here provide a single-step biomimetic route to

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• through energy transfer to molecular oxygen [21]. Chong et al. claimed that superoxide anions are involved in the generation of singlet oxygen, implying that electron transfer is an intermediate step for the generation of singlet oxygen by photoexcited graphene quantum dots [20]. In nitrogen-doped

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• series of Fiske steps appear in the I–V. Vertical grid lines mark positions of cavity mode resonances, ω/c0 = kn. Fiske steps appear at this condition because of the vanishing of term in the denominator of gn, Equation 19. The main step occurs at the double resonance condition, ω/c0 = kn = k. It happens

• ]. Single-mode analysis Figure 2b shows the excess current, ΔI/Ic0 versus V, normalized by the n = 1 Fiske step voltage, V1 = Φ0c0/2a. Such normalization clearly shows that the main resonance occurs at n = 2Φ/Φ0 = 10. The thick red line represents the full multimode solution, Equation 24. Thin blue, black

• phase oscillations will not grow beyond |gn| = π. Instead, higher harmonic generation will occur. Full numerical simulations of the sine-Gordon equation (Equation 3), shown by blue symbols in Figure 2a, reveal that the amplitude of oscillations reach π at the end of the velocity-matching step. This

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• , optomechanical coupling. Such insight contours a vital step for the development of novel multifrequency methods by allowing one to distinguish coupling effects that are mediated by nonlinear elasticity or tip–surface interactions. Inclusion of intermodal coupling would pave the way for a new era of

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• temperature distribution output from the previous step allows for an accurate representation of temperature-dependent changes on the reflectivity curve. This produces a representation of the modulation depth which is seen when looking at the difference of hot and cold states using a lock-in amplifier. Results

• a spatial step size of 58.7 nm. Experimental data showing the expansion profile for a 45.0 mA/μm2 modulation and relative fitting with a Voigt function. The shaded area corresponds to the surface of the constriction. The position along x was shifted so to have the distribution centered around 0 for