Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• visible light together with an accelerated separation and transfer of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs of the nanocomposites, which resulted in increased effective amounts of photogenerated carriers for the photocatalytic reactions. It was demonstrated that the photoinduced electrons dominated the

• − units [22]. The hybridized O 2p and Bi 6s orbitals in the conduction band of the material contribute to the effective transfer of photoinduced electron−hole pairs, resulting in good photocatalytic properties under visible-light irradiation [23][24]. However, there is still room for improvement of the

• activities than those of pure TiO2 and Bi2WO6. This is ascribed to the heterostructures built in between the two phases, leading to accelerated separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes. Nevertheless, the effective formation of heterostructures in between the TiO2 and Bi2WO6 phases are

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• , enhanced electron transport facility, excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical stability [11][25][26][27]. The electronic structure and surface physicochemistry of graphene are beneficial for electron transfer. Several graphene-based nanocomposites based on complex synthesis processes are reported as

• indicates that the effective electroactive surface area of ERGO has been improved by ≈71.14% due to exfoliation of graphene sheets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed to investigate the electron transfer capability of ERGO (Figure 4B). Supporting Information File 1, Table S3 depicts the

• values of charge-transfer resistance (Rct), capacitance (Cdl), and Warburg impedance (W) of bare GCE, GO/GCE, and ERGO/GCE. The Nyquist plot of the bare GCE electrode depicts a semicircle with Rct of 4.692 Ω. A nearly straight line for ERGO with a negligible Rct (1.618 Ω) value suggests opened porous

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• . Indeed, there remains an issue that the modulation frequency has the constraint of a transfer function of cantilever dynamics and the bandwidth of the PLL. We believe that this issue will be solved by future work such as using a heterodyne detection scheme [65][66][67]. It is noted that AC-KPFM observes

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• the charge transfer resistance. In addition, the electrocatalytic activities of metallic Co and N could facilitate the decomposition of Li2O2 during the next charge process, so that the overpotential of Zn4Co1–C/CNT cathode could be reduced. The cycling performance of ZnxCoy–C/CNT cathodes was

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• during sample transfer between our two fabrication steps. Lacking a microscopic model, we have attempted to fit the field dependence of δφ with a Brillouin function. The fit is shown as a line in Figure 5b. It is in reasonable agreement with the data up to about 0.6 T, with an effective angular momentum

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• traditional lithography, and then employ the conventional wet-base transfer method to transfer a CVD-grown graphene monolayer onto the grating structure. Conclusion In summary, an active graphene absorber, consisting of a graphene monolayer and a substrate spaced by a dielectric grating, is proposed and

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• the transfer characteristic iout(φin) of the SQ neuron Equation 3, that is, its activation function. Let us explain the idea of our calculations. We assume that the system is initialized at the initial moment of time. At cryogenic temperatures (millikelvin range) the system states are localised at

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• used as a means of enhancing the thermal conductive properties of base fluids. This method formulates a heterogeneous fluid conferred by nanoparticles and can be used for high-end fluid heat-transfer applications, such as phase-change materials and fluids for internal combustion engines. These

• publication by Choi et al. [3] in 1995, nanofluids have been extensively studied since the addition of nanoparticles significantly enhances the heat-transfer performance of the base fluid [4][5][6]. This has promoted various applications of nanofluids in a wide range of fields, such as cooling fluids for

• conductivity, which is only possible if the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids is clearly underpinned. Several mechanisms have been suggested by researchers to effectively predict this improvement in thermal conductivity. The most widely accepted mechanisms for dispersion

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• through the junction is increased up to the required value by a sin2 law [24] to realize a quasi-adiabatic ramping, then the microwave signal is turned on for a fixed time slot, assuming significant smoothing of pulse fronts due to transfer via twisted pairs. Due to strong attenuation of the harmonic

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• -of-plane electric field component dominates. This phenomenon indicates that the face-on oriented CuPc molecules strongly interact with the MoSe2 flake via charge transfer and dipole–dipole interaction. Furthermore, the Raman scattering maps on the irregular MoSe2 surface show a distinct correlation

• the interaction with local dipoles in plasma-treated MoS2 [22]. Additionally, the electronic band structure of MoS2 can be significantly modified after oxygen incorporation into MoS2. The charge transfer from the valence band of partially oxidized MoS2 to the LUMO of R6G can be tuned in resonance with

• orientation and molecular energy levels in the vicinity of the Fermi level of graphene, the charge-transfer effect can become more pronounced [24][25]. In summary, the structural irregularities in 2D materials and molecular probe both can impact the strength of molecule–substrate interactions and then modify

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• -circuit model including the series resistances of electrolyte and FTO substrate (Rs) and the charge-transfer resistances on the CE/electrolyte and TiO2/dye/electrolyte interfaces (Rct1 and Rct2) associated with the corresponding constant phase elements (CPE1 and CPE2) as described in Figure 6 (Figure 6

• 1T phase of MoS2 and is in good agreement with Raman analysis. Under dark conditions, the Rct1 value for MoS2 CE-based DSSCs (from 52.6 to 78.5 Ω·cm2) was found to be significantly higher than that of Pt CE-based DSSCs (3.6 Ω·cm2), indicating slower charge transfer kinetics at the MoS2/electrolyte

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• surface features, and the specific location of analyte molecules. Lately, ZnO-based nanostructures have been exploited especially as SERS substrates showing high enhancement factors and increased charge transfer effect. Additionally, applications focused on enhancing the fluorescence of analyte molecules

• chemical enhancement owing to the interaction between semiconductor and/or noble metals with the analytes [7][35]. The chemical enhancement is related to the photoinduced charge transfer effect that takes place under the light excitation when the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest

• NPs (or nanofilms), enabling a large area coverage with tiny and well-distributed Ag NPs, thereby efficiently exploiting their EM enhancement. Subsequently, both EM and charge-transfer (CT) enhancement contribute to the final SERS amplification [48], which is the reason for the use of ZnO

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• order and lower density, which enables the use of CNMs as a molecular sieve in mass transfer and separation processes. Experimental Preparation of self-assembled monolayers from solution Precursor molecules (p-terphenylthiol) used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. In a manner similar to

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• Figure 1b), with a Gaussian-like activation function. It consists of two identical Josephson junctions JJ1 and JJ2 in the shoulders with input inductances, L, and output inductance Lout. It is also used to set an additional bias magnetic flux, Φb. Flux biasing is used to provide a suitable transfer

• of motion were obtained in terms of half-sum and half-difference of Josephson phases φ1, φ2 (θ = (φ1 + φ2)/2 and ψ = (φ1 − φ2)/2), a detailed derivation of the equations is given in the Appendix section: The output magnetic flux obeys the following equation: Figure 2a,b shows the families of transfer

• functions of a Gauss-neuron at different bias fluxes. They are compared with the radial basis function taken in the form g(x) = exp(−x2/(2σ2)) (dashed line). All transfer functions were normalized to their maximum value, since at the first stage we were interested in the shape of the curve itself. It can be

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• obtain nanostructures with a large active surface area, which ensures efficient electron charge transfer between CuO nanostructures and the copper substrate due to the formation of high-density, single-crystal nanopetals. Nanostructures are produced in one step, and can be directly used as sensor

• increasing concentration of added peroxide (from 0 to 5 mM). The mechanism of electron transfer in the modified electrode can be explained as follows: In this catalytic process, during the reduction of H2O2 on the CuO surface, Cu2+ is electrochemically reduced to Cu+ and H2O2 to O2. Then, Cu+ on the

• high-speed paths for analyte molecule transfer due to the high porosity of the surface, as well as more efficient mass diffusion and electron transfer processes compared to the less developed film. The sensitivity of pure CuO wire is significantly inferior to samples containing CuO. Figure 3c,d

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• concentration due to PANI doping and the formation of charge transfer complexes [20]. The decrease of electrical resistance is caused by the greater mobility of the dopant ions, related to the development of PANI chains. Furthermore, the swelling effect contributes to the change in resistivity [21]. Statistical

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• the scale down of advanced IC designs. GR-NEM switches can be used as a new and unique ESD protection structure to replace PN junctions in integrated circuits. The high carrier mobility and the heat transfer coefficient allow for a low conduction resistance and can avoid device burn during ESD. ESD

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China 10.3762/bjnano.13.25 Abstract In this work, the effect of charge density and nanomorphology of a metal tip on the output performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is studied. The basic working principle of the TENG is charge transfer after separation

• surface. When the materials are separated, the positive and negative electrostatic charges on the materials will also be separated, resulting in a potential difference. The charge transfer strongly depends on the work functions of the two materials in contact, for example, metal–metal, semiconductor

• barrier of electron transfer, thus, enabling electron flow from insulator to metal (vice versa) or from an insulator to another insulator. TENGs are miniaturized and portable. They generate current by collecting tiny amounts of energy and supply power for microelectronic devices and sensors. Wind energy

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• 5.5), and MZG nanoparticles (pH 5.5) were measured. The UV–vis absorption spectrum of MZG nanoparticles exhibited a blue shift at 550 nm, compared with Myr/Zn2+, which was assigned to the charge transfer between GSH and Zn2+ (Figure 2c). These results demonstrated that Zn2+ as the coordination

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• buffer, the ion transfer is limited by the dissolution rate. Anodic polarization in phosphate buffer with its stronger metal ion dissolution leads to an accumulation of cations on the surface and, thus, to a higher surface charge. In NaCl solution, adhesion increases with immersion time, indicating an

• increased surface charge. We conclude that dissolution of metal ions occurs faster than their diffusion into solution in NaCl solution, that is, the ion transfer is limited by diffusion. The lack of passivation is in agreement with reports about a decrease in corrosion resistance in NaCl solution with

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• transfer in the Ru-terpyridine complexes used as switching ligands. Finally, our results reveal a superior device performance of nanoparticle-based devices compared to molecular wire devices based on Ru-terpyridine complexes as functional units. Keywords: conductance switching; gold nanoparticles

• -ligand charge transfer absorption bands and a relatively long lifetime of the triplet state as well as voltage-driven molecular switching in solid-state molecular junctions [11][12][13][14][15]. In addition, Ru(TP)2-complexes and the corresponding supramolecular wires exhibit a rod-like structure, which

• nm, while the metal-to-ligand charge transfer band of Ru(MPTP)2-complexes is located at 499 nm. However, a considerable overlap of both bands is given (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S13) and, thus, a subsequent transfer of the incident electromagnetic energy to the Ru(MPTP)2-complexes bound

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• much more prevalent. The electrospinning apparatus has five components, namely a high voltage supply, a syringe to feed the polymer solution, a metal spinneret or a needle to transfer the polymer solution, a syringe pump to pump the polymer solution from the syringe reservoir and a ground collector to

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• process. Table 1 shows a comparison of the NO photocatalytic oxidation ability of neat SnO2 and modified SnO2 materials. Recent studies on this material system mainly focus on modifying SnO2 toward the application in the visible light region. Charge transfer improvement The combination of SnO2 with other

• co-photocatalysts, including inorganic and organic semiconductors, is a practical approach to enhance the charge transfer efficacy for the photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic degradation of NOx over SnO2 as a host photocatalyst is reported to be considerably enhanced after the combination with

• products was inhibited effectively. The charge movement at the BiOBr/SnO2 p–n interface was also revealed via theoretical and experimental findings. Electrons in SnO2 transfer into BiOBr over pre-formed charge migration channels and an internal electric field at the BiOBr/SnO2 interface, which directs

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• directed laser-induced domain-wall motion is based on the angular momentum compensation point in ferrimagnets, below which the transfer of angular momentum drives the domain wall in a uniaxial ferrimagnet towards the colder end of the sample above the Walker breakdown [27]. In the example of Figure 3, the

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• layers of graphene oxide and polyethylenimine. The authors showed that a transfer film of graphene on the polymer leads to lower friction. While to our knowledge there have been no numerical studies of friction on graphene-coated polymers, the graphene–polymer interface has been studied. Rissanou et al