Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• nanospheres were ultrasonically dispersed in acetone. The sample for TEM observation was prepared by placing a 5 μL of particle dispersion on a copper grid, which was coated with thin films of Formvar and carbon, and was allowed to dry in air. The polymer nanoparticles were stained by mixing an equal volume

• carbonized products were obtained after the PAN nanoparticles, the PAN-PMMA1 nanoparticles and the PAN-PMMA2 nanoparticles were successively subjected to a preoxidation treatment at 250 °C and a carbonization treatment at 600 °C. The obtained carbonized products were first ultrasonically dispersed in acetone

• carbon nanoparticles. The carbonized product of the PAN-PMMA1 nanoparticles could be completely dispersed in acetone by ultrasonic treatment. However, after storing overnight, most of the carbonized product settled at the bottom of the bottle, and the color of the dispersion faded obviously (Supporting

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• plug using acetone before purification by chromatography (SiO2, EtOAc/hexane 2:8, increasing amount of EtOAc). The pure fractions were distilled, and the pure compound was precipitated from DCM in hexane to obtain a black powder (145 mg, 40%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 1.50 (s, 6H), 2.14 (s, 6H

• h. The oxi-CNOs were separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation (15 min at 1800 rpm) and filtered off on a nylon filter membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and washed with dH2O, DMF, methanol and acetone. After drying overnight at RT, 51.2 mg of oxi-CNOs were obtained as a black powder. fluo-CNOs

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• -octadecene (ODE, 90%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) was purchased from Merck Millipore. Other chemicals including hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, methanol, chloroform, cyclohexane and acetone were obtained from Reachem Slovakia. Synthesis of core β-NaGdF4

• . After the methanol was evaporated, the solution was heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexane. Synthesis

• heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant core–shell nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexene. Tween modification of oleate-capped β-NaGdF4:Yb,Er

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

• Germán Prieto,
• Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
• Walter R. Tuckart and
• Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

• specimens were ultrasonically cleaned with acetone and isopropyl alcohol for 5 min and then placed onto the stage of the triboindenter to perform nanoindentation and nanotribological tests. Nanoindentation tests A Hysitron TI950 triboindenter was employed for performing nanoindentation measurements, using a

Collembola cuticles and the three-phase line tension

• Håkon Gundersen,
• Hans Petter Leinaas and
• Christian Thaulow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1714–1722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.172

• the dye. The parts of the cuticle that were wetted by the dye can then be visualized with fluorescence microscopy. Results and Discussion Collembola cuticles were dyed with a water–acetone solution of Nile Red and imaged with fluorescence microscopy, a selection of cuticles are shown in Figure 4. The

• immediately before experiments. Nile Red dye was dissolved in acetone to form a stock solution at 1 mg/mL. This was further diluted 1:100 with 10 vol % acetone (aq) to form an aqueous acetone dye. Samples were soaked in the dye solution for 5 min and subsequently rinsed with acetone and air-dried. Samples

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• Sigma-Aldrich. FTOs were cleaned by successive sonication with soap water, acetone, ethanol and deionized (DI) water for 10 min each and were then dried prior to their usage. Optical characterization A Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer and a Jobin Yvon Fluoromax-3 fluorimeter have been used for the

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• . Ar and CH4 of high purity were used as dilution and source gas, respectively. Prior to the growth, the substrates were cleaned by acetone, isopropyl alcohol and deionized water, followed by drying with N2 gas, and then loaded into the growth chamber. The chamber was evacuated to 10−6 mbar. The

Light-induced magnetoresistance in solution-processed planar hybrid devices measured under ambient conditions

• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Danny Reuter,
• Karla Hiller,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1502–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.150

• /tetralin (2:1) with a concentration of 8 mg/mL. Prior to drop-coating, the fabricated structures with gold electrodes were cleaned using acetone, ethanol and deionized water respectively. 5 µL of solution was used to drop-coat the OFET substrates of 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm area and 3 µL solution was used to drop

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• in the range between 75 to 400 nm for different solvents, and ethanol gives the smallest diameter for all CD nanoparticles. The effect of organic solvent selection on nanoparticle diameter was found to follow the order of methanol > acetone > ethanol for 6OCaproβCD nanoparticles and CS-6OCaproβCD

• nanoparticles, and acetone > methanol > ethanol for PC βCDC6 nanoparticles. It is worth noting that ethanol also gave the most monodisperse particles with an acceptable polydispersity index (<0.2) (Table 1). As expected, the core–shell nanoparticles CS-6OCaproβCD had the largest size due to the chitosan coating

• difference between the other solvents/water, and the smallest particle size is obtained in the formulation using ethanol [30]. In another study, Khan et al. prepared gelatine nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation technique with different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, n-propanol and

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• -established nanoparticle preparation methods were evaluated for PCL and mePEG-PCL nanoparticles. These preparation methods can briefly be summarized as follows. Nanoprecipitation: The polymer (PCL or MePEG-PCL) was dissolved in acetone (0.1% v/w) under moderate heating. This organic solution was added to

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• soluble in polar aprotic solvents (e.g., acetone, acetonitrile, or dichloromethane), but are only sparingly soluble in alcohols and insoluble in H2O. The products gave satisfactory elemental analyses and the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) spectra with base peaks for the individual [Ni2L

• (2.07 g, 12.47 mmol, 35%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.96–8.03 (m, 4H, ArH). This material was used without further purification in the next step. Synthesis of H2L6, step 3,4'-(methylthio)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid 4-Boronobenzoic acid (3.00 g, 18.08 mmol), 4-bromothioanisole (4.41 g, 21.70

• phase was removed under reduced pressure and the pH of the remaining aqueous solution adjusted to 1 using 2 M aqueous HCl. The precipitate was filtered, washed with a small amount of dichloromethane to give the crude material, which was redissolved in acetone and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• , FeCl2·4H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, CoCl2, MnCl2, NH3, acetone, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. To modify the surface of ferrite nanoparticles, toluene (POCH), oleic acid (POCH) and oleylamine (Sigma-Aldrich) were used. For the functionalization of nanoparticles by

• atmosphere [15]. To obtain ferrite with Co, Mn or Ni, half of the Fe(II) salt was replaced by proper Me(II) salt [18]. Finally, the nanoparticles were separated from the solution by the application of the permanent hand magnet, washed in deoxygenated acetone and dried to powder form with a vacuum evaporator

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• , acetone, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran and deionized water. The maximum peak wavelength red-shifts, approximately linearly, with the refractive index of the top cladding liquid, with a slope of 327 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), as depicted in Figure 5b. Although bulk sensitivity of refractometric sensors

• for different superstrate media: air, methanol (MeOH), acetone, isopropanol (IPA), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and deionized water (DIW). b) Spectral position of the reflectance maximum peak as a function of the liquid refractive index. Cross-section of the modelled hollow nanopillar array unit cell. White

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• day after inoculation (24 hours) and T7 is the measurement 7 days after the inoculation. Acetone, 2-fluoropropylene and 3-methyl-1-butanol are neoformation VOCs, because they were not present at T0. These compounds formed during microbial growth. Heptanol and octanol were present at T0 and their

• ” tests that confirm the feasibility and clearly demonstrate the potentiality of metal oxide chemical sensors in discriminating among drinking and contaminated water. Experimental Preparation of metal oxide nanostructures Alumina substrates (2 × 2 mm2, 99% purity, Kyocera, Japan) were cleaned in acetone

Enhanced catalytic activity without the use of an external light source using microwave-synthesized CuO nanopetals

• Govinda Lakhotiya,
• Sonal Bajaj,
• Arpan Kumar Nayak,
• Debabrata Pradhan,
• Pradip Tekade and
• Abhimanyu Rana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.118

• /visible). A corresponding mechanism for the fast degradation observes was also proposed. Experimental Materials and instrumentation Commercial, high-grade copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O, 99.95%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetone (C3H6O), methylene blue (MB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30

• solution changed initially from blue to colorless and then slowly turned black. The black colloidal solution was centrifuged to separate out the precipitates. These precipitates were then washed using double distilled water, absolute ethanol, and acetone in sequence. This procedure was repeated several

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• equal amount of acetone used as an anti-solvent was added to the samples, resulting in the precipitation of QDs. The precipitated QDs were redispersed in hexane. Then the QDs were precipitated with acetone and dispersed in hexane again to achieve sufficient purity. The samples dispersed in hexane were

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• against 5 M ammonia solution for 3 days with 6 changes of the ammonia solution. The obtained white crystalline LPEI was washed with water and acetone and dried in a desiccator over silica gel under vacuum. The remaining water content is about 20 wt % as determined by thermogravimetric analysis

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• was purchased from SES Research. For STM measurements, the samples was purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Buckyprep-M column and toluene as a solvent, washed with acetone and hexane, and then transferred to the crucible of the Knudsen cell by drop-casting from toluene. To

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• laboratory. Prior to the deposition of Spiro-TTB and HAT-CN, the predefined substrates were cleaned with acetone, 2-propanol and deionized water, followed by oxygen-plasma treatment and exposure to hexamethyldisilazane to replace the natural hydroxyl end group of SiO2 with an apolar methoxy group. Finally

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• optical index difference between the substrate and the thin film layer, thus a silicon wafer was chosen. The substrates were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath in acetone and ethanol, dried by nitrogen flow and an oxygen plasma. The latter step also increased the wettability of the substrate. The deposition of

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• using an FEI NOVA 600 dual-beam system equipped with multiple gas injection systems (GIS). Before loading the Si substrate, it was cleaned via sonication in acetone for 5 minutes and rinsed in isopropanol before drying. The precursor gas was injected using a FEI GIS and the temperature was held at 45 °C

• 600 dual beam. The contact spacing was reduced to 500 nm using EBL. The EBL contact extensions were 20 nm thick gold with a 3 nm titanium adhesion layer. After patterning, the substrate was cleaned via sonication for 5 minutes in an acetone bath. EBID was then used to construct a 3D bridge across the

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• hours. The ELR-cyclooctyne product was precipitated by addition of diethyl ether. The white precipitate was washed three times with acetone and dried under reduced pressure. Finally, the ELR-cyclooctyne was dissolved and dialyzed against ultrapure water at 4 °C, lyophilized, and characterized using 1H

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• was always 16.5 mmol (from TMOS or MTMS and BTMSPA combined; note that BTMSPA contributes two moles of silicon for every mole of silane). The amount of water was 82.5 mmol (1.485 mL) and the amount of acetone or methanol used as solvents was 200 mmol (10.8 mL or 6.4 mL, respectively). In a typical

• experiment, TMOS (0.488 mL), BTMSPA (2.254 mL), and acetone (10.8 mL), were mixed in a 50 mL plastic tube. All reactants are liquid and fully miscible at room temperature. The reaction vessel was held in a cooling bath (acetone/dry ice) while adding the components to the mixture to minimize gelation during

• h for further condensation. The resulting material was washed extensively by Soxhlet extraction with methanol and was stored in methanol until further use. When acetone was used as solvent, opaque monoliths were obtained whereas transparent monoliths were obtained when using methanol during

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• acetone. In order to obtain groove silicon samples, the pre-patterned silicon wafers were submersed in 8% TMAH at 80 °C for 60 min to obtain slope-shaped grooves and 90 min to obtain V-shaped grooves. Surface characterization Surface characterization was carried out by SEM using a FEI Quanta 600

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• 2 A solution of (4-aminophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (1, 1.06 g, 3.61 mmol) in acetone (10 mL), H2SO4 (2.7 mL) and H2O (14.4 mL) was added with a solution of NaNO2 (0.368 g, 5.33 mmol) in H2O (2.2 mL) at 0 °C. After stirring for 1.5 h at 0 °C, a solution of NaN3 (0.4 g, 6.13 mmol) in H2O (2 mL

• membrane, and the solid was washed with DMF and acetone until colorless solution obtained. CNTs-Azide were recovered with acetone and dried to afford 50.5 mg of a black powder. FTIR (KBr): 2118 nm N3 stretching. Elemental analysis C, 66.94%; H, 3.83%; N, 7.00%. Azide loading based on elemental analysis

• . The suspension was filtered over a 0.2 μm ptfe membrane. Thereafter, the solid was thoroughly washed with DMF and acetone until a colorless solution was obtained. The material was recovered with acetone and dried to obtain 32.5 mg of a black powder. FTIR (KBr) 2119 nm N3 stretching. Elemental analysis