Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite

• Patricia Gant,
• Foad Ghasemi,
• David Maeso,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Elena López-Elvira,
• Riccardo Frisenda,
• David Pérez De Lara,
• Gabino Rubio-Bollinger,
• Mar Garcia-Hernandez and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2357–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.235

• material is isolated one of the most urgent things is to establish a correlation between the thicknesses of the exfoliated flakes and their optical contrast (in order to be used as a calibration guide to identify ultrathin flakes optically) and to determine the optimal substrates to identify ultrathin

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• determination coefficient (R2) for training set, bagging validation coefficient (R2bagging) for bagging set, external validation coefficient (Q2EXT), and root-mean-square errors of calibration for the training set (RMSEC), and root-mean-square errors of validation (RMSEP) for the test set (see Equation 4-7) [55

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• calibration measurement was carried out after measurement of each sample (with the same conditions) using carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (100 nm or 200 nm) supplied by the manufacturer. The statistical data for the particle size distribution, including mean particle diameter, mode particle diameter

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• . Instrument calibration was performed using silicon samples. To investigate the stability, purity and thermal resistance of the materials, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used [11][12][13][14] (TGA/DSC-1, Mettler-Toledo, Italy). Simultaneous differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to characterize

Structural model of silicene-like nanoribbons on a Pb-reconstructed Si(111) surface

• Agnieszka Stępniak-Dybala and
• Mariusz Krawiec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1836–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.185

• by 0.3 Å longer than the expected double lattice constant in the ZZ direction, but still 0.6 Å less than the observed value. In reality the difference between experimental and theoretical values is expected to be smaller due to the scanner calibration, which is expected to overestimate distances up

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

• Ryan D. Brown,
• Rebecca C. Quardokus,
• Natalie A. Wasio,
• Jacob P. Petersen,
• Angela M. Silski,
• Steven A. Corcelli and
• S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

• ° between the two axes. This spacing is approximately 1 Å shorter than predicted from bulk crystal structures, but this is likely due to uncertainty in the lateral calibration and possible drift or warping in the image. A careful inspection of the orientation of molecules within the rows in Figure 3 reveals

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• identified. The transport exhibited a transition from an ohmic (linear) to an exponential conductive regime. The utilization of different thicknesses of CuTPP(OMe)4 provided a proper calibration between the amount of material that is evaporated and the actual dimensions of the organic filaments. This offers

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• Inc., Orem, Utah, USA) were used for instrument calibration. AFM AFM measurements were performed with a traceable atomic force microscope that uses two integrated optical interferometry systems for detecting the deflection of the cantilever and for measuring the vertical motion of the piezoelectric

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• peaks at λAu = 267.595 nm, λAu = 242.795 nm, λCo = 228.616 nm and λFe = 238.204 nm using an OPTIMA 7000DV (Perkin Elmer, USA) spectrometer. Calibration curves were made using dissolved standards (1 to 50 ppm) in the same acid matrix as the unknown samples. Characterization: The morphology of as-grown

• calibration, processing and fitting routines were done using Avantage software (5.918) provided by Thermo VG Scientific. Core-level peaks of Fe 2p, Co 2p, Au 4f, C 1s and O 1s were analyzed using a nonlinear Shirley-type background and the calculation of the elemental composition was performed on the basis of

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• completely determine the actual chemical environment of these dopants using a bulk technique such as IR spectroscopy. The retention and concentration of Ga and As dopants in the lattice was determined for each system using XRF (Figure 2). A calibration curve using the ratio of Ga/As Kα to Ge Kα was prepared

• show residual germanium. XRF calibration curve of Ga:GeH (red) and As:GeH (gray). The stars represent measured concentrations in the samples. Inset shows XRF spectra of the Ga:GeH (red) and As:GeH (gray) samples with the highest doping content. The asterisk denotes a silicon escape peak from the major

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• achieved a quality factor as low as Q1 = 8, resulting in a tracking bandwidth of 3.3 kHz, adequately matching the first-order approximation f1/(2Q1) [36]. AFM images of a calibration grating (NT-MDT TGZ3) with periodic features of height h ≈ 500 nm were obtained at a speed of 627 μm/s and 1.25 mm/s

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• play an important role in the interaction between NO2 and the NiO surface and in the sensing mechanism in general. The calibration curves reported in Figure 11 exhibit results similar to those of the temperature screening. WO3 is the best-performing material for the detection of CO, at concentrations

• higher than 10 ppm. At lower concentrations, tin-oxide-based devices exhibit a higher response, according to the preliminary calibration curve estimated from the measurement by power-law fitting. If the devices are used for the evaluation of air quality in closed spaces [25], it may be necessary to

• 20 °C. Calibration curves and power-law fitting for CO (left) and NO2 (right). The relative humidity was kept constant at 50%, the temperature was 20 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot for drinking water (blue and green dots) and a solution with 500 CFU/mL pathogenic microorganisms

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• mixture of Ag and Ag2Se was formed (see the XRD pattern in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). We investigated the silver content in the QDs over time using XRF. The amount of silver was found with the use of the calibration curve presented in the Supplementary data of [22]. The analytical signal

• was determined as the integral intensity ratio between the Ag Kα line (SAg) and the Cd Kα line (SCd). The calibration curve is described by the linear equation [22]: Equation 1 is valid for the determination of Ag at concentrations up to 4 mol % Ag (to Cd). The samples were centrifuged before each

• stored in glass vials in dark. The elemental analysis was done with a Bruker Mistral M1 μ-XRF spectrometer. The Ag to Cd ratio was determined from the relative intensities of the Kα1 peaks with the use of a calibration curve (Supplementary data of [22]). UV–vis absorption measurements were carried out

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• storage vessel as well as in the adsorption chamber. The setup was calibrated at 25 °C using high purity N2 (99.999%) and the density values were obtained from the NIST database. The calibration values were validated by measuring CO2 (99.998%) adsorption on a Norit R1 extra™ device at 25 °C following the

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• calibration curve made with standard solutions of H2O2 [42]. Detection of 1O2: SOSG assay The production of 1O2 was measured by using the Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) probe. 100 µg of SOSG were dispersed in 6.6 mL of methanol in order to prepare a stock solution of SOSG (25 µM). ZnO or ZnO/ZCIS

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• and thus the signal-to-noise ratio. Energy calibration was established by putting the sample between the first and the second ionization chamber and the corresponding metal foil between the second and the third chambers. At least two repeated spectra were taken for each sample to check stability of

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• 500 nm [8]. The concentration of the as-prepared few-layer graphene suspension, estimated through UV–vis spectroscopy, is 0.09 mg/mL (details about the UV–vis calibration curve are provided in Figure S1 of Supporting Information File 1). This value is expected because liquid-phase exfoliation

• calculated at 660 nm trough the Lambert–Beer law has been <α660> = 1920 ± 13 L·g−1·m−1 (the UV–vis calibration curve is reported in Figure S1 of Supporting Information File 1). The concentration of the final ink has been then estimated through UV–vis measurements of the sample absorbance at 660 nm. The

Functional dependence of resonant harmonics on nanomechanical parameters in dynamic mode atomic force microscopy

• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano,
• Enrique Rull Trinidad,
• Urs Staufer and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 883–891, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.90

• quantitative determination of the actual tip radius at each image is a rather difficult task, since it depends critically in several experimental parameters. We have performed a parallel calibration of the tip radius with reference samples. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 shows the evolution of A6 as

• results are only qualitative. In order to obtain trustworthy predictions, a more precise and more accurate calibration of the cantilever is still necessary. The performed simulations might also be improved including parameters which could be varied and measured experimentally in order to refine the method

• . In general, such amplitudes will depend on the selected working frequency. The effect of working slightly off-resonance is discussed in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4. The estimation of the An magnitudes (in nm) has been obtained by calibration of the laser-detector sensitivity, which is

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• contact part of the force curve; the inverse slope is the deflection calibration factor, s. We obtain a raw spring constant kraw using the calibration factor s. This kraw has to be corrected, because when the optical beam deflection technique is used, the inclination at the end of the cantilever is

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• these deposits were 15°, 25°, 41°, 49°, and 53°, respectively. Note that the dwell times here are shorter because the precursor source was re-filled after running the calibration curves in section ‘Growth rates’. Five segments were also grown with the same dwell time range while simultaneously

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• for analysis. The sample preparation and procedure are described in the section Metal-ion detection. Some samples with unknown concentration were also used to check the viability of this sensing process. It was observed from the calibration curve (summarized in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4

• ) that the Au–DNA NC material used as sensor for Mg2+ ion detection was effective only upto 100 ppm. From Figure 11 it was observed that the fluorescence intensity of Gelusil was 900 a.u. From the calibration curve as shown in Figure 10b the fluorescence intensity was found to be 238 a.u. for 100 ppm

• medicine. Similarly, using the Au–DNA NC detection system, we determined the amount of Mg2+ present in the tap water. It was obtained as 52 ppm by converting the intensity into concentration using the values of the calibration curve. The concentration values as obtained from the calibration curve were

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• 0.8 mL/min with simultaneous UV and RI detection. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) standards (PSS, Mainz, Germany) were used for calibration. Transmission electron microscopy. Samples were centrifuged three times to remove residual polymer not attached to the NP surface. For TEM measurement the samples were

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• , and increases with the gas concentration, as expected. In the calibration plots of Figure 6C and Figure 7C, the sensor response is shown to change almost linearly up to about 1 ppm of NO2 while, above this value, the response variation is lower, probably due to the sensor saturation. Moreover, at both

• corresponding calibration curves. The inset the plot is enlarged in the low concentration range (0.2–1 ppm). Time response of chemiresistors based on pristine and functionalized MWCNTs films with A) Au loading of 0.3 at. % and 1.1 at. %, and B) Pd loading of 0.3 at. % and 1.5 at. %, exposed to 10 min pulses of

• decreasing concentrations of NO2 at the sensor temperature of 100 °C. C) The corresponding calibration curves. The inset the plot is enlarged in the low concentration range (0.2–1 ppm). Variation of A) the response time (tResponse) and B) the recovery time (tRecovery) of pristine, Au- and Pd-modified MWCNTs

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• Information Supporting Information contains detailed experimental setup, image cross-correlation, analysis of an aged sample, time evolution of surface aggregates, aggregate removal during KPFM scans, a typical current–voltage curve, cantilever calibration, comparison of contact-mode and bimodal AFM

Anodization-based process for the fabrication of all niobium nitride Josephson junction structures

• Massimiliano Lucci,
• Ivano Ottaviani,
• Matteo Cirillo,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Roberto Francini,
• Vittorio Merlo and
• Ivan Davoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 539–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.58

• pressure in the chamber being 10−4 Pa. In these conditions, the deposition rates for NbN and AlN were 0.6 nm/s and 0.06 nm/s, respectively. The calibration of the deposition rate was performed by measuring, ex situ, the thickness of the obtained film by means of a profilometer. All the samples described in