Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• let to cool to room temperature naturally. Different mass ratios of MgO and g-C3N4 were prepared, that is, 1%, 3% and 5%, named as x-MgO@g-C3N4 (x = 1, 3, and 5%). Characterization A variety of analytical techniques have been employed to evaluate the morphology and the physical, chemical, and optical

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• Cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed under ambient conditions has become an important tool to characterize new material systems as well as devices. Current instruments permit robust scanning over large areas, atomic-scale lateral resolution, and the characterization of various sample

• with a reflectivity of typically 4%. This limits the sensitivity of the interferometer to about 89 fm/, (see section “Results and Discussion” for the characterization of the interferometric deflection sensor). Figure 3a shows a typical setup for a UHV STM or tuning fork-based AFM. Preferably, the low

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• reactions that form zinc resinate are shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2. The schematic illustration of the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is shown in Figure 1. Methods for determining the characterization of the synthesized material The phase of the synthesized material was determined by X-ray diffraction

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• techniques for improving synthesis, characterization, yield, and applications of CDs There are several outstanding review articles on different applications, such as photochemical and electrochemical applications [32], photocatalysis [33], optoelectronics [34], wastewater treatment [35], food safety

• synthesis of CDs, the effects of surface states on optical properties, the characterization of CDs, metal ion sensing, and biological and agricultural applications of CDs, that is, microbial bioimaging, detection, and viability studies, pathogen control, and plant growth promotion (Figure 1). Review Green

• relationship between the concentration of Pb2+ ions and the turbidity [84]. Aloe vera extract, without any other chemical reagent, was used to prepare CDs using a one-step pyrolysis method by Devi et al. Different characterization results demonstrated that the CDs displayed excitation-independent behavior and

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• . Characterization of the as-prepared catalyst The crystalline structure of the prepared photocatalyst was analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (Empyrean, Panalytical, Holland) with Cu Kα radiation at a scanning speed of 7 °/min. The morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM

• (CHIQ660D, Chenhua Instrument, China). Electronic paramagnetic resonance signals were recorded with an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (Brooke A300, Germany). Results and Discussion Characterization Figure 1 shows the XRD pattern of the synthesized MIL101(Fe), Bi2O3, and BOM-20 composite. The

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• , materials, characterization data, electrochemical measurements, water contact angle measurements, and comparison of reported ORR activities of Ag-based catalysts. Acknowledgements Authors thank SRM IST for providing Microwave reactor facility and DST-FIST, Department of Chemistry [SR/FST/CST-66/2015(c

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• smaller spot sizes to reduce the thickness of the layer damaged by ion beams, and to increase the lateral resolution for precise machining and sample characterization. For most of these applications, the quality of the sample surface and its cleanliness are essential and, therefore, highly controlled

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• antibiotics of PPCPs accordinly. Results and Discussion Material characterization of various photocatalysts X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to reveal the structure of the materials. In the synthesis step of LaNiO3, the calcination temperature was set to 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively, and the

• oxides were prepared ultimately. Photocatalysts characterization The LaFexNi1−xO3 photocatalysts were characterized by D8 advance (Bruker, Germany) to reveal the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns. The Cu Kα target was facilitated under 40 kV to generate the X-ray with λ = 0.15406 nm. The 2θ

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• characterization, the selectivity of this aptamer towards ZIKV NS1 protein diluted in human serum. The functionalized graphene devices exhibit an evident recognition of NS1 ranging from 0.01 to 100 pg/mL. As a result, the efficiency of our functionalization protocol in combination with the distinguished

• triplicate. The mass of aptamers bound to each protein was calculated and the results were plotted using the software Graph Pad Prism 5. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. Device fabrication and electrical characterization We carried out the electrical

• characterization utilizing field-effect transistors fabricated using single-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transferred to Si/SiO2 substrates. The wafers were purchased from Graphene Platform and we produced graphene transistors by conventional photolithography, following the procedures

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• sample. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution of the UPS experiment is 0.05 eV. Results and Discussion Figure 1a and Figure 1b report the structural characterization of the ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O sample in the reciprocal and in direct space, respectively. The low-energy electron

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• nominal accuracy of 0.1%. Details of the synthesis and characterization of the samples used in the work can be found in our previous papers [29][30]. The Curie temperatures for the samples with x = 0.038, 0.062, and 0.080 were ≈120 K, ≈177 K, and ≈210 K, respectively. The optical experiments were carried

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• severe environmental conditions that ensure this evolutionary success [2][3][4][6]. Structural studies that have been focused mainly on anatomical and ultrastructural characterization of leaves [4][7][8][9][10][11][12] did not reveal any qualitative traits allowing for a distinction of this plant from

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• ) above the surface, thus, reproducing its topography. Fabrication and characterization of graphene field-effect transistors Receded-gate graphene field-effect transistors were fabricated on an 8″ Si/SiO2 (200 nm thick) wafers. Two arrays of devices were fabricated with different process steps (Wafer 1

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• lysozyme stock solution was added to 20 mg gelatin dissolved in Milli-Q® water giving a final concentration of 20 mg gelatin per milliliter containing 1, 2, or 3 mg drug per milliliter. All following preparation, purification, and characterization steps were performed as described for blank gelatin

• observable. N = 3 in three individual experiments. Physicochemical characterization of GNPs crosslinked for specific times, dextran-loaded with an initial loading of 1 mg FITC-dextran per 20 mg gelatin and blank particles. The size is displayed as mean z-average in nanometers, PdI values were calculated

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• the practical content (72.9 wt %) of the Bi2WO6 component in the 70%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposite. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples were obtained from the Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer with a Cu Kα (λ = 0.15405 nm) radiation source. Fourier transform infrared

• ), EDTA-2Na (0.1 M), and p-BQ (5.0 mM) were also put into the initial RhB pollutant solution to capture •OH, h+, and •O2− species, respectively, generated during the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. Results and Discussion Structural characterization As shown in Figure 1, the Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT

• performs analog results as compared to the PL characterization, suggesting the most effective separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers of the 70%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT and 90%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites. EIS Nyquist plots of samples are usually employed to determine the transfer resistances and

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• due to π–π* transition was noted at 273 nm using ethanol as blank, and a calibration curve was plotted to compare the results obtained from the proposed nanosensor. Material characterization Voltammetric studies were carried out using an IVIUMStat electrochemical analyzer (Model: A09050, Iviumstat

• . Results and Discussion Optimization and characterization of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide formation Figure 1A shows the UV spectra of GO and its change following the electrochemical reduction of GO. It is observed that the absorption peak of GO at 223 nm due to the π–π* transition of the C=C

• GO. The SEM micrograph of ERGO (Figure 3G) also shows graphene sheet exfoliated layers compared to GO (Figure 3F). The FESEM image also depicts the flaked nanostructure of RGO (Figure 3H). Electrochemical characterization of the modified electrode The electronic properties of graphene materials

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• atmosphere, the ZnxCoy–C/CNT composite was obtained and further chemically etched with 1 M of H2SO4 solution before use. Material characterization Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (JEOL, JSM-7000F) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM, JEOL, JEM-2100F) with EDS were used to examine the morphologies and

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• graphene was varied. As the film of graphene formed on the surface of the water, the LB method was used to deposit the film onto the target substrate [32]. Film characterization To study optical properties of the fabricated samples, UV–vis spectroscopy was performed (Thermo Fisher Scientific EVO 60

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• -negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7) bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections was achieved in comparison with the precursor BBR at the same concentration. In addition, the interaction of BBR NPs with bacteria was also investigated in this study. Results and Discussion Chemical characterization of the

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• master MN arrays (9 × 9) were fabricated using two-photon polymerization (TPP). A previous gap in the detailed characterization of the embossing process was investigated, showing an average of 4.99 ± 0.35% longitudinal shrinkage and 2.15 ± 0.96% lateral enlargement in the molded MN replicas. The effects

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• characterization To inspect the structure evolution of the titanium dioxide with the calcinating temperature, the as-prepared products were examined by an X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance) using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The Rietveld refinement of patterns was performed in the GSAS-II software [35

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• ]. Projection imaging is still the standard in morphological characterization but provides incomplete information. Although 3D imaging emphasizes the full morphology, most software provide generally volumes and surfaces of the investigated entities. The quantitative description of their morphology is considered

• . Based on the complete morphological characterization of the system via transmission electron tomography and an a priori knowledge of the magnetization, statistical information regarding the orientation of MNPs (Figure 6a) as well as their shape anisotropy (Figure 6b) has been obtained. This kind of

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• characterization of CuPc molecules on MoSe2 flakes The MoSe2 flakes were received from SixCarbon Technology (Shenzhen), synthesized on a SiO2/Si substrate using chemical vapor deposition. An ultra-thin film of CuPc with a thickness of 5 nm is deposited on the MoSe2 samples by vacuum thermal deposition. At a

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• excitation at 516 nm was chosen as the signal of the GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2. Characterization of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 To confirm the formation of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out (insets of Figure 2a–c). The TEM image in Figure 2a shows that pure GNPs were well dispersed with a

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• deprotection step leading to the formation of nanogel with zwitterionic groups according to our earlier published procedure [25]. Characterization of nanogels DLS and zeta potential measurements were performed with dispersions of PHEG-Tyr and Nα-Lys-NG nanogels in PBS buffer at pH 4, 4.5, 4.7, 5.5, and 7.4 (1