Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• calculated as Here, z is the charge transfer number (for Zn, z = 2), F the Faraday constant, Vf is the volume flow rate and A the area of the working electrode. The experiments were conducted using the cell design described elsewhere [17][18]. The cell was equipped in a classical manner: A platinum wire was

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• Raman spectrometers) or more complicated analytical tools [18]. Different kinds of dilute analytes can be easily identified in pristine form or in the form of tinted charge-transfer complexes as proposed by Sidorov et al. [19]. The analysis of analytes in the gas phase and the separate detection of

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• response to visible light. Though widely investigated, BiOI suffers from its high recombination rate of photoinduced electron–holes and low charge transfer ability. Therefore, the strategies to improve the efficiency of this kind of semiconductor photocatalyst are in need. Heterogeneous processes are

• . described the synthesis of p–n heterostructures where p-type BiOI nanoplates decorated on n-type ZnO nanorod arrays which were synthesized through a solvothermal route. The high-contact areas provided by the fast charge transfer channel of BiOI and ZnO create the efficient photocatalyst [35]. Tong et al

• significant improvement in the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) irradiation as compared to ZnO and BiOI. The obtained catalysts with a Zn/Bi ratio of 3:1 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The band gap structure and charge transfer properties are investigated by XPS in

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• of plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the ZnO film. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra indicated that a surface plasmonic effect exists with a fast rate of charge transfer from Au nanoparticles to the sub-micrometer ZnO sphere, which suggested the strong possibility of the use of the

• factors, including absorbed oxygen species (O2−, O−, and O2−), charge carrier concentration, and the defects and vacancies on the ZnO surfaces. The gas response performance can be improved by a charge transfer process through surface modification [3][5][6] and doping of catalytic materials [7][8][9]. The

• insightful information for depicting the fast charge carriers as well as to elucidate the mechanism of charge transfer, TRPL spectra were recorded at room temperature for all samples (Figure 3d). The fast decay time (fast and slow), as extracted by fitting the bi-exponential curve at the 385 nm emission peak

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• of a wide band gap material with a low band gap material [30]. Natarajan et al. have demonstrated the enhanced degradation of isoniazid (a pharmaceutical pollutant) over the g-C3N4–TiO2 nanocomposite via a direct Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism [31]. The enhanced photocatalytic activity has been

• attributed to the exact positions of energy band offsets of the coupled materials, which facilitates the photogenerated charge transfer and effectively suppresses their recombination. Moreover, perovskite materials are also potential candidates for environmental remediation applications and are well-explored

• methylene blue (MB) and thiabendazole (TBZ) under visible light irradiation. Another attractive strategy for enhancement of photocatalytic performance is the coupling of a wide band gap material with a low band gap material, which allows the charge transfer via suitably arranged band edge positions in both

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• . The results reveal higher sensitivity and shorter response times for methanol at temperatures below 200 °C toward 200 to 400 ppm gas concentrations. The sensing mechanisms for both gases are discussed based on simulation results using density functional theory and charge transfer. Keywords: density

• 100 °C. It has been shown that charge transfer between MoS2 and NO2 or NH3 molecules can be considered as the main reason behind the changes in resistance [24]. In another report, the remarkable potential of MoS2 in sensing triethylamine molecules has been investigated. It has been shown that MoS2 is

• sulfur vacancies in the samples. The previous report shows that sulfur vacancies can increase the possibility of charge transfer in MoS2 nanoflakes which may act as the main reason to alter the conductivity [35]. It has been also reported that the crystal phase and edge play a significant role in the

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• are shown in Figure 3. The optical absorption of TiO2 in the UV region below 400 nm can be mainly attributed to the charge transfer, related to electron excitation from the valence band to the conduction band (band-to-band transition, O2p→Ti3d) [30]. Modification of TiO2 with neodymium significantly

• energy level in the band gap and charge transfer between the TiO2 valence band and Nd3+ ion levels [36]. Furthermore, there are four absorption bands in the vis region typical for neodymium located at 520, 585, 745 and 805 nm. They correspond to transitions from the 4I9/2 ground state to the excited

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• band-edge potential, a mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction has been proposed which is discussed later. Electrochemical impedance study Impedance measurements are commonly used to determine the charge transfer, resistance, and effective charge separation processes occurring at electrode–electrolyte

• interface. In general, the radius of the semicircle in the Nyquist plots yields information about the resistance and interfacial charge migration, i.e., a smaller radius reflects a better flow of charge or low interfacial resistance compared to larger radii. ZFO-500 offered the fastest interfacial charge

• transfer, effective charge separation and high conductivity (Figure 9). This result is well supported by PL measurements and photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic activity Decolourization of Congo red under solar-light irradiation The photocatalytic activity in the decolourization of 10 ppm Congo red (CR

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• by FTIR can confirm the results of observations [137][143][144][145]. For example, it has been reported that adhesion of the polymer to the CNT leads to constrained motion of the polymer chains and simplifies the charge transfer process, which consequently improves transport properties [146]. Also

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• charge-transfer reaction and lithium ion diffusion in the interface of solid electrodes can be derived [38][39]. Figure 6a displays the Nyquist plots of pure sulfur and S/MoO2–CNFs electrodes. Each Nyquist plot consists of a semicircle in the high to medium frequency region and a sloping line in the low

• frequency region. The equivalent circuits compatible with the Nyquist diagrams are represented in the inset of Figure 6a, which contain the solution resistance (Rs), the charge-transfer resistance of the electrode (Rct) and a constant phase element corresponding to the double-layer capacitance (CPE). A

• steep sloping line in the low-frequency region, corresponding to the Warburg impedance, was represented by W0. The fitting results are listed in Table 4. Obviously, the S/MoO2–CNF cathodes possessed lower charge transfer resistance than pure sulfur cathodes, indicating better charge transfer between the

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• that they are lying flat on the surface in a trans-conformation. Within the limits of our Kelvin probe microscopy setup a charge transfer from NiO to the molecular layer of 0.3 electrons per molecules was observed only in the areas where the molecules are closed packed. Keywords: metal oxide; nickel

• image (Figure 5b) shows that this voltage is the same for islands with V and H orientations, indicating that the adsorption geometry of DCPDMbpy, influencing either the charge transfer between the surface and the molecules or the intramolecular dipole strength and orientation, is identical. The absolute

• that the molecules are linked to each other via H-bridging of their carboxylic groups. This interaction, however, needs an activation induced by increasing the molecule density on the surface. Furthermore, this arrangement allows for electrical coupling and, consequently, also for charge transfer

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• 4.8-fold faster than that of the bare AgSCN, so the existence of an appropriate amount of Ag played a prominent role in the photodegradation process. Electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) was used to illustrate the rate of charge transfer for the photocatalysts. Nyquist plots of M0, M1, M2, M3, M4

• , M5 were shown in Figure S4 (see Supporting Information File 1), the circular radius of plot over M2 in the high-frequency region was much smaller than that of other catalysts, which suggested the smallest charge transfer resistance for M2, while the charge transfer resistance for M0 was the largest

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• the visible light range and increases the photoconversion efficiency by improving the charge transfer [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. CdSe is one of the most commonly used semiconductors due to its narrow bandgap (1.7

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• , which is necessary for fast charge transfer in an electrochemical cell. However, in this case, the components are connected only through this limited interface that may not allow the synergism from their hybridization to be fully reach. The synthesis of two morphologically different carbon nanomaterials

• circle radius, Rct, characterizes the charge-transfer resistance, which is inversely proportional to the rate of electron transfer. The initial point of the circle at high frequency, Rf, corresponds to the solid–solution resistance. The vertical line is the Warburg impedance, which arises from

• limitations of the ion diffusion in the electrolyte [52]. The values determined from the Nyquist plot analysis are collected in Table 2. The Rf values are close for all studied samples because they possess a good wettability due to the presence of oxygen-containing groups and incorporated nitrogen. The charge

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO₄ with W doping

• Xin Zhao and
• Zhong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2640–2647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.264

• the surface charge injection (inset in Figure 6b) [25]. In the equivalent circuit, Rs represents the sum of resistance values of the FTO film, the external electrical contacts, and the liquid electrolyte; Rct and Cbulk represent, respectively, the direct charge transfer resistance, and a capacitance

• more surface depletion layers, which leads to a higher capacitance. The surface charge transfer resistance of the sample 0-water is about 3783 Ω, while the one of sample 1-EG is smaller at around 2629 Ω. The smaller charge transfer resistance leads to a higher interfacial charge injection efficiency

• for water oxidation as shown in Figure 5c. It was reported that a porous film with a larger surface area has led to a lower interfacial charge transfer efficiency for water oxidation than its dense counterpart [12]. The current work indicates an opposite trend in that the surface charge injection was

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• thiolates increased when decreasing the number of saturated units [58]. A different study found that π–π-stacking of phenyl groups in films of phenylethylthiolate-stabilized gold nanoparticles determined the interparticle separation and regulated charge transfer. The short ligand chain and the aromatic

• moieties facilitate charge transfer with the conductivities exhibiting a clear Arrhenius behavior implying charge transfer driven by thermal activation in an electron hopping mechanism. Maximal conductivity was reached when the aromatic groups of ligands of adjacent particles were stacked [59]. Whatever

Adsorption of iron tetraphenylporphyrin on (111) surfaces of coinage metals: a density functional theory study

• Hao Tang,
• Nathalie Tarrat,
• Véronique Langlais and
• Yongfeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2484–2491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.248

• . At the end, the relationship between the substrate and the coordination sphere of Fe is discussed in terms of molecule–surface interaction, charge transfer and work function modification. Results and Discussion Free molecule and conformations The ideal D4h symmetry, exhibiting the phenyl rings

• adsorbed FeTPP in the deckchair conformation (C2h). In the following we check the strength of different interactions involved in the adsorption of this HS FeTPP on the Au(111) surface as well as the charge transfer, work function modification and the projected density of states (PDOS) variations. In the

• , respectively) [20][21]. The deformation energy of the adsorbed FeTPP is found to be +1.08 eV (0.03 eV for the gold surface), while the intramolecular vdW energy is −3.12 eV. The charge transfer defined as the difference between the number of valence electron in the adsorbed molecule and in the free molecule in

Towards molecular spintronics

• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2464–2466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.245

• considered molecules spans from heterotrinuclear bis(oxamato)-type and bis(oxamidato)-type complexes [1][2][3], to exchange-coupled dinickel complexes [4], metallo-phthalocyanines [5][6][7], metallo-porphyrins [8][9] and charge-transfer complexes [10][11], to metal-free molecules like pentacene-derivatives

Comprehensive investigation of the electronic excitation of W(CO)₆ by photoabsorption and theoretical analysis in the energy region from 3.9 to 10.8 eV

• Mónica Mendes,
• Khrystyna Regeta,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva,
• Nykola C. Jones,
• Søren Vrønning Hoffmann,
• Gustavo García,
• Chantal Daniel and
• Paulo Limão-Vieira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2208–2218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.220

• with clear vibrational structure, and a few lower-energy shoulders in addition to a couple of lower-energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands reported in the literature before. Absolute photoabsorption cross sections are reported and, where possible, compared to previously published results

• assigned to a symmetry-forbidden feature. Rosa and co-workers [15] have proposed that in the region of 3.5–4.0 eV spin-allowed but symmetry-forbidden charge-transfer transitions as well as spin-forbidden but orbital-allowed 1A1g→a,b3T1u transitions occur. The present calculations including SOC effects show

• that three “spin–orbit” states, namely 1T1u, 2T1u and 3T1u of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character, which are composed essentially of 13T1u, 13Eu and 13T2u states, contribute to this region (Table 1 and Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1). B. Band I (3.9–4.8 eV/330–260 nm) The

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) [5][6]. At interfaces between different organic materials interesting physical phenomena appear, in most cases due to (partial) charge transfer between the materials. One example is the formation of a two-dimensional metallic interface between insulating organic crystals [7][8]. Other

• effects are metal-insulator transitions or superconductivity which were reported for organic charge-transfer crystals realized by a combination of strongly electron-accepting and strongly electron-donating molecules [9][10]. Recently, a heterostructure of manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) and structurally

• similar fluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F16CoPc), has demonstrated the occurrence of hybridization [11]. It was proved that a local charge transfer which affects only the transition-metal centers changes the charge state of the transition metal and is directly related to a change of its magnetic moment

Adsorbate-driven cooling of carbene-based molecular junctions

• Giuseppe Foti and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2060–2068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.206

• of the CA junction. Electron donation from the carbene to the Au tip is reduced in the presence of the NH2 unit, resulting in NHC spectral features at slightly higher energies in the C than in the CA junctions. Notice that the behavior in terms of charge transfer and redistribution of this NH2

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• graphene layers synthesized on metal substrates [59][60][61]. The driving force for intercalation is charge transfer between the intercalated atoms and the layered material [62][63] or thermodynamic stabilization [61][62]. The mechanism of intercalation was found to occur through cracks and wrinkles in the

• occurred. It is very likely that the observed shift is attributed to a change in the position of the Fermi level. It has been shown that the deposition of MoS2 on a SiO2 substrate with interface impurities leads to a charge transfer from the MoS2 surface to the defect states and, thus, to the formation of

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• within 0.01 eV/Å. Simulated STM images were generated from local density of states according to the Tersoff–Hamann approach [17]. The charge transfer was calculated by the Bader scheme within VASP. (a) LEED pattern obtained at an electron energy of 55 eV from Al(111) with 0.6 ML of Ge deposited at a rate

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• coin cells. The initial specific capacity of graphene/α-, β-, and γ-MnO2 freestanding cathodes was found to be 321 mAhg−1, 198 mAhg−1, and 251 mAhg−1, respectively. Finally, the graphene/α-MnO2 cathode displayed the best cycling performance due to the low charge transfer resistance and higher

• the cell, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed and results are shown in Figure 5. The width of the Nyquist curves indicates the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the graphene/α-MnO2, graphene/β-MnO2 and graphene/γ-MnO2 cathodes [30]. As seen from Figure 5, the

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• transfer (PET) and internal charge transfer (ICT) donor characteristics of the dimethylamino functionalities attached to a π-extended distyryl-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye [23][24] to obtain a pH-sensitive nano-probe. Hence, CNOs grafted with BODIPY 3 molecules (fluo-CNOs) led to the

• Figure 1, Table 1). We observed that the on/off process is fast and reversible making this dye suitable for pH-dependent probes. Interestingly, this BODIPY sample also exhibited an internal charge transfer (ICT) characteristic resulting in a hypsochromic shift of the dye emission upon nitrogen