In situ SU-8 silver nanocomposites

• Søren V. Fischer,
• Basil Uthuppu and
• Mogens H. Jakobsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1661–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.168

• . Acknowledgements This work is supported by the Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster and the DTU – KAIST IWT project.

Analysis of soil bacteria susceptibility to manufactured nanoparticles via data visualization

• Rong Liu,
• Yuan Ge,
• Patricia A. Holden and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1635–1651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.166

• identify treatments that induced similar impacts on the soil bacterial communities (i.e., the main underlying structure of the MNP soil bacterial community data). Hierarchical clustering successively merges together similar treatments or treatment groups until a single cluster is attained [38][39

• ], providing a dendrogram of hierarchical similarity among the treatments. In the hierarchical clustering, average-link (defined as for two clusters Ci and Cj) was used as inter-cluster distance measure since it is robust to outliers [38][39]. An advantage of the hierarchical clustering based on the L1

• ] established using average-link [32][38][39]. According to the recommended threshold of L1 < 0.5 [32], three meta-clusters were identified from the heatmap with Cluster II and III mainly comprised of MNPs exposed for 15 and 60 days and Cluster I formed by the remainder (Figure 11). Characterization of Cluster

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• , Lucca, Italy in silico toxicology Gmbh (IST), Basel, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.6.165 Abstract Background: The NanoSafety Cluster, a cluster of projects funded by the European Commision, identified the need for a computational infrastructure for toxicological data management of engineered nanomaterials

• originating from diverse systems. Within this cluster, eNanoMapper works towards supporting the collaborative safety assessment for ENMs by creating a modular and extensible infrastructure for data sharing, data analysis, and building computational toxicology models for ENMs. Results: The eNanoMapper database

• interfaces and graphical summaries of the data, and how these resources facilitate the modelling of reproducible quantitative structure–activity relationships for nanomaterials (NanoQSAR). Keywords: database; EU NanoSafety Cluster; nanoinformatics; nanomaterials; nanomaterials ontology; NanoQSAR; safety

Experiences in supporting the structured collection of cancer nanotechnology data using caNanoLab

• Stephanie A. Morris,
• Sharon Gaheen,
• Michal Lijowski,
• Mervi Heiskanen and
• Juli Klemm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1580–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.161

• area have included development and enhancement of the NPO and ISA-TAB-Nano. ISA-TAB-Nano is currently used by NCI, the NBI Knowledgebase (http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/), and the EU NanoSafety Cluster (http://www.nanosafetycluster.eu/) to enable interoperability between databases. Most recently, the Nano

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• using either four or five clusters shows minor differences compared to the use of three clusters, namely the coated 26 nm NPs (except octanoic acid) separated out of Group 3 in the four cluster calculation and the blank control point separated out of Group 1 in the five clusters calculation in addition

• between clusters might happen making determination of the cluster number the first concern. Although there are several algorithms to decide the cluster number, the lack of robust data sets such as this preclude a current understanding of which algorithm may be appropriate [48]. Kriging estimation Based on

• each concentration (Figure 6, Supporting Information File 4). Kriging estimation further elucidated the impacts of NP size. Based on Figure 6, we can see that the largest bare particle (NGZ) also has the highest mortality (Figure 3B) and the cluster 2 surface modified 26 nm particles were predicted to

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• residues arranged blockwise to expose a cluster of imidazole side chains; and (iii) 44C (HSSHHQPKGTNPC) and 31C (HHGHSPTSPQVRC), two ZnO-binding peptides isolated by phage display [60]. The distinct peptide-fashioned TMVLys templates were incubated in TEOS precursor solution in parallel with linker-coated

• mineralized TMV or control preparations in ultrapure water (see TMV particle mineralization) were pipetted on a gold-covered n-Si wafer and air dried. ToF-SIMS was performed on a TOF.SIMS5 instrument (ION-TOF GmbH, Münster, Germany). The spectrometer was equipped with a Bi cluster primary ion source and a

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• concomitant reduction of O2 directly to H2O in a trinuclear Cu cluster (T2/T3 Cu cluster) positioned 12–13 Å away [5][6][7], without releasing reactive O2 species, such as hydrogen peroxide or superoxide radicals [8][9]. Three-dimensional electrodes for enzyme-based cathodes are usually used to design high

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.6.133 Abstract Heterometal clusters containing Ru and Au, Co and/or Pt are anchored onto carbon nanotubes and nanofibers functionalized with chelating phosphine groups. The cluster anchoring yield is related to the amount of phosphine groups available on

• and atmospheric pressure with very low Ru loading. Keywords: ammonia synthesis; cluster; nanofibers; nanoparticles; nanotubes; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) supported on nanoscopic forms of carbon (nanotubes, nanofibers) are an important class of nanostructured materials that find

• associations can be synthesized with a large degree of freedom. This ensures the intimate mixing of the metals when nucleating heterometal nanoparticles by thermal treatment. Because this treatment only requires removing the ligand sheath, ultrasmall, mixed-metal entities directly derived from the cluster

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• (Figure 4b and Figure 4d), the periodic banding that is associated with collagen fibrils can clearly be resolved [26][27]. The inset of Figure 4e is a detailed view of the area surrounding a small cluster of particles from Figure 4d, with the corresponding line profile shown in Figure 4e. The pigment

• tattoo ink particles in the collagen network. Height (a & c) and amplitude (b & d) images of disperse ink particles in the dermal collagen network. (Inset of (e)) 500 nm image of small cluster of ink particles from the solid red square (e) Line profile showing a particle of 37.5 nm width at half height

Magnetic properties of iron cluster/chromium matrix nanocomposites

• Arne Fischer,
• Robert Kruk,
• Di Wang and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1158–1163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.117

• A custom-designed apparatus was used for the fine-tuned co-deposition of preformed Fe clusters into antiferromagnetic Cr matrices. Three series of samples with precisely defined cluster sizes, with accuracy to a few atoms, and controlled concentrations were fabricated, followed by a complete

• characterization of structure and magnetic performance. Relevant magnetic characteristics, reflecting the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe clusters and the Cr matrix, i.e., blocking temperature, coercivity field, and exchange bias were measured and their dependence on cluster size and cluster

• concentration in the matrix was analyzed. It is evident that the blocking temperatures are clearly affected by both the cluster size and their concentration in the Cr matrix. In contrast the coercivity shows hardly any dependence on size or inter-cluster distance. The exchange bias was found to be strongly

High sensitivity and high resolution element 3D analysis by a combined SIMS–SPM instrument

• Yves Fleming and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1091–1099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.110

• of the TiCN cermet. Keywords: alloy; atomic force microscopy (AFM); correlative microscopy; differential sputtering; in situ; multimodal imaging; nano-cluster; polymer blend; secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); scanning probe microscopy (SPM); SIMS artefacts; sputter-induced effects; sputter

• CN− signal. The secondary ion signal corresponding to the CN− cluster is much more intense than the signal of monatomic nitrogen. The obtained 3D map shows that the two polymer phases are well separated and that the sample under investigation is far from being flat. Prior to Cs+ bombardment, the

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• absolute accuracy of the DFT simulation, which usually contain many simplification and assumptions on the structure of the solution [4][5]. By using cluster expansions [8] it is possible to combine DFT with kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations to obtain collective diffusion coefficients for lithium ions

Nanostructuring of GeTiO amorphous films by pulsed laser irradiation

• Valentin S. Teodorescu,
• Cornel Ghica,
• Adrian V. Maraloiu,
• Mihai Vlaicu,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Magdalena L. Ciurea,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Ana M. Lepadatu,
• Nicu D. Scarisoreanu,
• Andreea Andrei,
• Valentin Ion and
• Maria Dinescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 893–900, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.92

• amorphous nanoparticles are produced by laser annealing which in turn initiates the segregation of Ge atoms. This segregation can start around a Ge-rich cluster in the GeTiO amorphous matrix. The crystallization of the Ge phase under electron beam irradiation is an indirect proof that these Ge amorphous

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu_1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

• Xiaoliang Yan,
• Sha Li,
• Yun-xiang Pan,
• Zhi Yang and
• Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

• high pressure, the complexes decompose and Cu1.8S nuclei are produced, as described by Equation 1: To give a detailed description of the complex, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a cluster model. In this cluster model, two Cu atoms were added to C12H17ClN4OS·HCl to

• represent possible interactions. The geometry optimization of the cluster was carried out by using the DMol3 package [14]. The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional and double numerical basis set with polarization functions (DNP) were employed [15]. As can be seen in Figure 3a, the two Cu atoms could form

• deformation density (b) of the cluster. TEM images and schematic illustrations (bottom right corner) of Cu1.8S dendritic structure after different treatment times: 1 h (a), 2 h (b), 4 h (c), 8 h (d), 12 h (e), 16 h (f). Acknowledgements The authors thank financial supports from Shanxi Provincial Key

Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• modeled by a suddenly introduced repulsive δ-potential. 2.1 The fullerene molecule Consider a cluster of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a fullerene molecule of radius 3.1573 Å, whose equilibrium geometry and characteristic bond lengths (of 1.4474 and 1.3696 Å, respectively) are reported Figure 1. We can do

• some work on the cluster by core-ionizing one of its atoms to form a molecular cation. The valence electrons are then thrown out of equilibrium, tending to dynamically relax and compensate for the presence of a positive charge. To depict the rearrangement of the valence electronic structure, we use a

Combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering by CuS nanocrystals on nanopatterned Au structures

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Nikolay A. Yeryukov,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Victor A. Gridchin,
• Evgeniya S. Sheremet and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 749–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.77

• science foundation (project 14-12-01037), the cfAED cluster of excellence, by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and CKP. Special thanks to K. P. Mogil’nikov for ellipsometry measurements of SiO2 layers with gradual thickness and determination of SiO2 thickness.

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• 37 °C [49]. Acknowledgements The work was generously supported by Masterrind GmbH Verden, the German Research Foundation (Priority Program SPP1313 and BA3580-10-1 with RA898-8-1) and the Excellence Cluster REBIRTH.

Tm-doped TiO₂ and Tm₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile with a pyrochlore phase

• Desiré M. De los Santos,
• Javier Navas,
• Teresa Aguilar,
• Antonio Sánchez-Coronilla,
• Concha Fernández-Lorenzo,
• Rodrigo Alcántara,
• Jose Carlos Piñero,
• Ginesa Blanco and
• Joaquín Martín-Calleja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 605–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.62

• Figure 7a indicates scan direction). The result of the Tm profile is presented in Figure 7b with blue unfilled dots; the profile shows a uniform Tm distribution along the 25 nm linescan, with no evidences of cluster formation. On the other hand, the low-loss spectra presented in Figure 7b shows Ti

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• dipole is defined by its interactions within a cluster of size Ni formed by its surrounding inactive neighbors. The occurrence of correlated-cluster regions with sizes Mj depending on the strength of dipolar screening [42][44] takes place at the mesoscopic level. The macroscopic average over all

• -cluster scale, i.e., at longer relaxation times. In contrast, a larger difference appears in the fitted values of the post-peak slopes (nB1 ≈ 0.15 ± 0.1 << nB2 ≈ 0.6 ± 0.2). Although large errors bars are obtained for the fitted nB2 values, due to some frequency overlap with peak A, the difference is

• quite significant. In the Dissado–Hill model, a high value of the post-peak slope |nB1 − 1| for mechanism B1 indicates a large degree of disorder at the intra-cluster scale (i.e., at shorter relaxation times), approaching the situation n ≈ 0 where dipoles relax independently (leading to the Debye

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• chemical techniques that stabilize the ends of the chains with nonreactive groups [9][10][11]. The synthesis of carbyne in its pure form, i.e., without end groups, turned out to be much more challenging and has been carried out, e.g., by cluster beam deposition [12][13]. It has even been proposed that

Influence of grain size and composition, topology and excess free volume on the deformation behavior of Cu–Zr nanoglasses

• Daniel Şopu and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 537–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.56

• of the bulk glass of about 22% (with respect to the number of Cu atoms in the system). From the defective FIs SRO results approximately 1–2% excess free volume in the interface. In Figure 7, upper, the free volume through the system is plotted together with the Cu-centered FI cluster. When the Cu

• the case of Cu-rich metallic glass (≈2%). Similar results have been found by Ritter et al. in the case of shear bands in Cu36Zr64 glass [17]. Here, the increase in the free volume in the shear band was not related to the decrease of densely packed FI cluster inside the shear bands as found for the

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• supported by the DFG priority program SPP 1313 within the Cluster BIONEERS.

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• techniques can be used to produce sp carbon wires in several forms, mainly by bottom-up approaches [5]. Physical techniques are mostly based on the rapid quenching of a carbon vapor in various environments. Supersonic carbon cluster sources based on the arc discharge between graphite electrodes (i.e., the

• pulsed microplasma cluster source (PMCS) developed by Milani and co-workers) resulted in sp–sp2 hybrid amorphous carbon films with an estimated sp content up to 40% [45][46]. Unfortunately, the sp phase easily undergoes rearrangement to the sp2 phase when the sample is exposed to air due to oxidative and

• cross-linking effects and thus requires in situ characterization techniques, as reported in many papers [7][47]. A similar approach was exploited using thermal or laser vaporization cluster sources [6][48]. sp carbon has also been produced by ion irradiation of amorphous carbon [49] and by femtosecond

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ca-modified rutile TiO₂(110) in bulk water

• Giulia Serrano,
• Beatrice Bonanni,
• Tomasz Kosmala,
• Marco Di Giovannantonio,
• Ulrike Diebold,
• Klaus Wandelt and
• Claudio Goletti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 438–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.44

• minimum width of about 1 nm. The smallest protrusions well-exceed atomic dimensions, therefore, a single nanostructure, constituting the row building block, very likely corresponds to a cluster of segregated impurity atoms. The surface is not completely covered by the nanostructured overlayer: substrate

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• absorption of palladium particles. Pd particles smaller than 10nm are only able to absorb in the UV region, however larger and cluster particles will exhibit a red shift and an enhanced ability to absorb visible light [28][49]. This arises from the different polarization field induced through the surface