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Search for "degradation" in Full Text gives 498 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

  • Maxime Demazeau,
  • Laure Gibot,
  • Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
  • Patricia Vicendo,
  • Clément Roux and
  • Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Graphical Abstract
  • ε-caprolactone or lactic acid [36][37][38][39][40][41]. In particular, the degradation of polyesters in vivo, a combination of both hydrolytic and enzymatic processes, makes them a first choice for the controlled delivery of drugs [42]. Polymers with an acrylate backbone have been also used. The
  • (enhanced by degradation) with a consequent lower drug concentration at the target site or other side effects. To tackle this problem, systems responsive to biological signals or containing a covalently linked photosensitizer have been proposed as a solution. The latter strategy will be described below in a
  • glutathione concentration (ca. 10 mM), and iii) very recently, tumor hypoxia (i.e., low oxygen concentrations due to rapid use of blood supply for cancer cell growth) [55]. A typical exogenous trigger is light that can induce the cleavage of covalently linked groups and the solubilization and degradation of
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Published 15 Jan 2020

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

  • Tuba Evgin,
  • Alpaslan Turgut,
  • Georges Hamaoui,
  • Zdenko Spitalsky,
  • Nicolas Horny,
  • Matej Micusik,
  • Mihai Chirtoc,
  • Mehmet Sarikanat and
  • Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

Graphical Abstract
  • started polymer decomposition, and uniform dispersion of the GnPs [8]. Another reason was the hindering influence of the GnP layers on the diffusion of small gaseous molecules across the HDPE-based nanocomposites [40]. Generally, T5% (5% sample weight loss) was defined as the onset degradation temperature
  • -based nanocomposites increased with increasing GnP loading, which was attributed to the existence of a carbon net structure in the HDPE/GnP nanocomposites [40] because the initial thermal degradation temperature of the GnPs was above 600 °C [15]. However, the GnP size did not have a significant effect
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Published 14 Jan 2020

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

  • Debasis Ghosh,
  • Lakshmi P. Datta and
  • Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

Graphical Abstract
  • of ‘raspberry‐like’ particles with potential gene delivery application [99]. The novelty of the ‘raspberry-like’ structures lay in their biocompatible ‘shield’, which protected the capped DNA from enzymatic degradation. Gianneschi and co-workers documented the synthesis of crystalline gold nanowires
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Published 09 Jan 2020

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

  • Ivana Ruseska and
  • Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

Graphical Abstract
  • of Pep-1 occurs via transient pore formation depending on the formation of α-helices. Pep-1 internalization has been claimed to be independent of the endosomal pathway, which results in limited degradation of the peptide and its cargo inside the cells as well as rapid release of the cargo as soon as
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Published 09 Jan 2020

Nanosecond resistive switching in Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojunctions

  • Botond Sánta,
  • Dániel Molnár,
  • Patrick Haiber,
  • Agnes Gubicza,
  • Edit Szilágyi,
  • Zsolt Zolnai,
  • András Halbritter and
  • Miklós Csontos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 92–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.9

Graphical Abstract
  • during the exposure to extremely short voltage pulses of alternating sign, a special-purpose setup was designed and developed, which is described in detail in the following. Figure 4a illustrates the schematic of the setup. In order to avoid the degradation of ambient-sensitive samples, the junctions are
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Published 08 Jan 2020

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

  • Markus Tautz,
  • Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
  • Joachim Hertkorn,
  • Robert Weinberger,
  • Martin Welzel,
  • Arno Pfitzner and
  • David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

Graphical Abstract
  • allows for higher operating power, which would otherwise lead to device overheating and degradation. After LLO, the N-polar GaN surface previously acting as interface between the sapphire and GaN epitaxy is uncovered on the surface. In addition to IQE the extraction efficiency has to be considered. It
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Published 03 Jan 2020

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

  • Lars Kool,
  • Floris Dekker,
  • Anton Bunschoten,
  • Glen J. Smales,
  • Brian R. Pauw,
  • Aldrik H. Velders and
  • Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

Graphical Abstract
  • materials is not coming from organic dyes or inorganic complexes but from the plasmonic effect of nanoparticles, which are more stable to photobleaching or degradation. Using the methodology presented here it is also possible to synthesise plasmonic nanocomposite 3D printable smart materials, which behave
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Published 02 Jan 2020

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

  • Arianna Gennari,
  • Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
  • Erwin Hohn,
  • Maria Pelliccia,
  • Enrique Lallana,
  • Roberto Donno,
  • Annalisa Tirella and
  • Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

Graphical Abstract
  • degradation of the above high-MW chitosan (1 wt % in 0.1 M HCl/3 mM sodium nitrite, room temperature, 12 h) [21]. Hyaluronic acid (HA) with weight average molecular weight = 180 kDa was kindly donated by Kyowa Hakko Bio Italia Srl (Milan, Italy). Preparation of chitosan/HA nanoparticles In all cases, the
  • degradation of low-MW and high-MW chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionotropic gelation or direct polyelectrolyte complexation was assayed by gel electrophoresis after nuclease and chitosanase/heparin treatment, as already described in [9]. Briefly, 44 µL of siRNA either loaded in the nanoparticles (25 wt
  • delivery is the ability of the carrier to protect the cargo from enzymatic degradation to allow its release in the cytoplasm, where the RNA machinery is located. Hence, as a first step we ruled out any differences in the protective behaviour of our nanoparticles between preparative methods (Figure 4
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Published 30 Dec 2019

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

  • Dávid Juriga,
  • Evelin Sipos,
  • Orsolya Hegedűs,
  • Gábor Varga,
  • Miklós Zrínyi,
  • Krisztina S. Nagy and
  • Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

Graphical Abstract
  • backbone determines almost all of the properties of the hydrogels. For biological applications, in general, the polymer backbone and its degradation products have to be biodegradable and biocompatible [11][23]. In contrast to many synthetic polymers, the degradation products of poly(amino acid)s, which are
  • degradation properties of the gels containing LYS and CYS at different ratios were investigated since these attributes are crucial for biomedical applications. The swelling degree was determined at different pH values and under redox conditions. For biocompatibility studies, cell viability tests were carried
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Published 27 Dec 2019

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

  • Anna V. Epanchintseva,
  • Julia E. Poletaeva,
  • Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
  • Elena I. Ryabchikova and
  • Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

Graphical Abstract
  • degradation of molecules, attachment of extra molecules from the incubation medium, and irreversible aggregation of the particles. Previous studies concerning vehicles for TNAs describe their therapeutic effect but not their stability and storage conditions [12][13][14][20][21]. The storage problem of the
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Published 23 Dec 2019

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

  • Andreas Taubert,
  • Fabrice Leroux,
  • Pierre Rabu and
  • Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

Graphical Abstract
  • concomitant intercalation of both a thermal and a photo-oxidation stabilizer endows polypropylene with remarkable resistance against thermal degradation and photo-oxidation [25]. In the same vein, the protection of the polymer using organo-modified LDH was addressed in “Outstanding chain-extension effect and
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Editorial
Published 20 Dec 2019

Frontiers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology

  • Matthias G. Wacker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2538–2540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.244

Graphical Abstract
  • announced the approval of a first-of-its-kind RNA interference (RNAi)-based drug, Onpattro™, which uses solid lipid nanoparticles to protect the sensitive compound from early degradation. Again, lipid materials rather than synthetic polymers have been used for drug delivery applications. In pharmaceutical
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Published 17 Dec 2019

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

  • Saban Kalay,
  • Yurij Stetsyshyn,
  • Volodymyr Donchak,
  • Khrystyna Harhay,
  • Ostap Lishchynskyi,
  • Halyna Ohar,
  • Yuriy Panchenko,
  • Stanislav Voronov and
  • Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

Graphical Abstract
  • percent. In contrast, P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs demonstrate substantial mass loss that is nearly 60%. P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs exhibit a middle thermal stability around 180 °C and drastic degradation from 180 to 550 °C. A low concentration of the oligoperoxide macromolecules covalently
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Published 10 Dec 2019

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

  • Ghada Ayoub,
  • Mihails Arhangelskis,
  • Xuan Zhang,
  • Florencia Son,
  • Timur Islamoglu,
  • Tomislav Friščić and
  • Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

Graphical Abstract
  • photosensitizer for generating singlet oxygen and subsequent oxidative degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The high activity of NU-400 permits photocatalytic conversion of the 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) mustard gas simulant into a benign sulfoxide derivative, in air, with less than 15 minutes
  • ) hydrolysis [8][9], 2) oxidation, and 3) dehydrohalogenation [10][11][12] (Scheme 1). The hydrolysis route is limited to small scales because of the hydrophobicity of sulfur mustard gas. The mechanism of degradation by dehydrohalogenation mechanism is still poorly understood and not efficient enough for real
  • -world applications. So far, the oxidative degradation [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] route has been shown to be the most promising but relies on the use of oxidants highly selective for the formation of sulfoxides, as further oxidation to a sulfone leads to a product of toxicity comparable to sulfur
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Published 09 Dec 2019

Semitransparent Sb2S3 thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Lothar Weinhardt,
  • Monika Blum,
  • Clemens Heske,
  • Wanli Yang,
  • Ilona Oja Acik and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

Graphical Abstract
  • presumably leads to degradation of P3HT [65]. We suppose that this process occurs more slowly in the larger cell, which could explain why the larger cell retains more PCE over time compared to the smaller cell. Another discrepancy appears when examining the RS and RSH. The RS of the large cell increases
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Published 06 Dec 2019

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

  • Nahid Hosseini,
  • Matthias Neuenschwander,
  • Oliver Peric,
  • Santiago H. Andany,
  • Jonathan D. Adams and
  • Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

Graphical Abstract
  • imaging of the polycrystalline titanium roughness sample (tapping mode, scan size 2 µm, 512 × 512 pixels and scan rate 1 Hz). Figure 2b shows the partial blind estimation of the tip shape for the first and last images after 16 mm tip travel. No obvious degradation occurred. Figure 2c shows the evolution
  • × 55 pixels. The inset shows the result of the Gwyddion partial tip blind estimation extracted from the full image. (b, c) the tip radius evolution over 16 mm travelling distance shows negligible tip degradation. Comparison of the tapping bandwidth between our tip-integrated SU8 cantilever and a
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Published 29 Nov 2019

A novel method to remove impulse noise from atomic force microscopy images based on Bayesian compressed sensing

  • Yingxu Zhang,
  • Yingzi Li,
  • Zihang Song,
  • Zhenyu Wang,
  • Jianqiang Qian and
  • Junen Yao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2346–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.225

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  • different noise densities without worrying about the degradation of the final image quality. The proposed method is an effective, competitive and robust method to remove impulse noise from AFM images. The schematic of removing impulse noise from AFM images based on Bayesian compressed sensing. Mathematical
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Published 28 Nov 2019

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

  • Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
  • Gustavo Braga,
  • Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
  • Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
  • Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
  • Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
  • Mauro Luciano Baesso,
  • Wilker Caetano,
  • Craig Murdoch,
  • Helen Elizabeth Colley and
  • Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Graphical Abstract
  • can be useful as adjuvant in cancer treatment, after surgical procedure, or in combination with chemotherapy [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Despite its broad therapeutic potential, CUR has limited stability to light and pH, as well as poor solubility. CUR is also susceptible to degradation due to the
  • therapeutic efficacy of this drug. Consequently, there is a need to associate CUR with carriers to ensure the delivery to the target site and thereby protect the drug from degradation, increase the solubility and provide controlled release as well as permeation, while maintaining biological activity [31][43
  • hydrophobic, unstable and susceptible to degradation by light and pH [31], the interaction of CUR formulations was studied by photophysical methods. The aim was to understand the interaction between this hydrophobic drug with the hydrophobic core of the three-dimensional structure of P407-micelles
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Published 25 Nov 2019

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

  • Elisabeth Hengge,
  • Eva-Maria Steyskal,
  • Rupert Bachler,
  • Alexander Dennig,
  • Bernd Nidetzky and
  • Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

Graphical Abstract
  • most likely caused by sample degradation. The charge transfer of 0.15 C during desorption is a superposition of actual cysteine desorption and double-layer charging (with an increasing contribution as cysteine is desorbed). When we assume the double-layer capacitance to increase roughly proportionally
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Published 18 Nov 2019

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS2/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

  • Chengxiang Tian,
  • Juwei Wu,
  • Zheng Ma,
  • Bo Li,
  • Pengcheng Li,
  • Xiaotao Zu and
  • Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

Graphical Abstract
  • ][5]. The decay of the electrochemically active lithium polysulfides causes rapid capacity degradation during charge and discharge process. In order to overcome the problems above, great efforts have been made to improve the performance of Li–S batteries, including combining conductive materials with
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Published 14 Nov 2019

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

  • Florence Olechowski,
  • Rainer H. Müller and
  • Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

Graphical Abstract
  • ][13] (left) and lidocaine [14] (right). X-ray diffraction patterns of SLNs (pink curve) and SmartLipids mixture (red curve) determined directly after production and after one month (SLNs: blue curve) and one year (SmartLipids: black curve) storage at room temperature [5]. Fast degradation of
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Published 04 Nov 2019

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO2

  • Xiao-Yu Sun,
  • Xian Zhang,
  • Xiao Sun,
  • Ni-Xian Qian,
  • Min Wang and
  • Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

Graphical Abstract
  • % to 68.5% due to the synergistic effects of the oxygen vacancies, increased number of surface chemical adsorption centers as a result of SO42− adsorption on the TiO2 surface and the larger pore size. (3) S-doping increases the MB degradation rate from 6.9 × 10−2 min−1 to 18.2 × 10−2 min−1 due to an
  • increase in the amount of •OH and •O2− radicals. Keywords: anatase; chemical state; degradation; photocatalytic properties; S-doping; thermal chemical vapor deposition; titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Anatase TiO2 with a tetragonal symmetry has widely been used for the degradation of organic
  • photocatalytic activity was tested by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). For this, the samples were placed 20 cm away from a xenon lamp (300 W, 16 A). The experimental process was as follows: 50 mg of catalyst was added into a 100 mL MB solution with a concentration of 10 mg/L, and the samples were kept in
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Published 01 Nov 2019

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

  • Sebastian Pieper,
  • Hannah Onafuye,
  • Dennis Mulac,
  • Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
  • Mark N. Wass,
  • Martin Michaelis and
  • Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

Graphical Abstract
  • degradation, and sustain therapeutic drug concentrations due to prolonged/controlled drug release. In addition, nanoparticles can be used to administer poorly soluble agents, as demonstrated for nab-paclitaxel, a HSA nanoparticle-based paclitaxel preparation approved for the treatment of different forms of
  • incorporation into the lipophilic PLGA nanoparticle matrix. This explanation is consistent with data showing that PLGA nanoparticle degradation is unlikely to occur in a 24 h timeframe [50][52]. More sustained release patterns have been shown to be achievable by alternative nanoparticle approaches based on PLGA
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Published 29 Oct 2019

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

  • William W. Bryan,
  • Riddhiman Medhi,
  • Maria D. Marquez,
  • Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
  • Michael Tran and
  • T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

Graphical Abstract
  • degradation, as indicated by visible aggregation and loss of the extinction peak intensity. At elevated temperatures, the hydrogel cores are in a desolvated state as indicated by the swollen and collapsed architectures shown in Figure 3. Furthermore, a reduction in the overall surface charge distribution is
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Published 04 Oct 2019

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

  • Pascal L. Stahr and
  • Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

Graphical Abstract
  • linear function of inhibition against concentration was used to calculate the IC50 value (µg/mL). The IC50 value represents the concentration needed to scavenge 50% of the free radical. Rutin, which was used in this study as model drug, is a well-known antioxidant. Hence, if chemical degradation of the
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Published 19 Sep 2019
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