Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• based on [40][41][42]. Several pieces of NiFe-PBA/PP precursors were immersed in a NaOH solution containing anhydrous ethanol (20 mL) and 0.025 mol·L−1 NaOH aqueous solution (30 mL). The obtained solution was transferred to a Teflon-lined autoclave and heated to 100 °C for 30 min. The obtained products

• were washed with ethanol and water alternatively and calcined at a certain temperature for 2 h with a heating ramp of 5 °C·min−1 in a tube furnace in nitrogen atmosphere. The calcined samples were labeled as NiFe-PBA/PP-T. Physical characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using a

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• (AFM) measurements, different SWCNT dispersions (ethanol/ultrapure water = 1:1) with a concentration of 0.01% were dripped on freshly cleaved mica and observed using an AFM (Dimension Icon, Bruker AXS). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency An amount of 50 mg of different SWCNT samples were

• adding raw SWCNTs and corresponding blank carriers was also examined. After incubation for 48 h, the medium was removed, and cells were trypsinized and subsequently fixed overnight with ice-cold ethanol. Cells were then washed with PBS and centrifuged; the harvested cells were resuspended with 1 mL of

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• centrifuged and washed with distilled water and ethanol to remove oil and surfactant. The resulting particles were dispersed in distilled water. Physicochemical characteristics were examined using XRD (D8 Advance, Bruker), FTIR (FT/IR-4100, Jasco), and TEM (H-7100, Hitachi). The product was filtered using a

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• quantification of extremely small amounts of protein. Experimental As-cast Mg ingots were sliced into rectangular coupons (15 × 15 × 4 mm3) for anodic oxidation treatment. Prior to the treatment, all specimens were ground using SiC paper up to 1200 grit, and then degreased with ethanol and deionized water in

• and dipped into an aqueous solution of R6G (10−7 mol·L−1) for 20 min. The excess R6G molecules were removed by rinsing with ethanol and a gentle nitrogen flow was used to dry the samples. A micro-Raman inVia spectroscopic system (Renishaw, UK) with 532 and 785 nm lasers was used. The incident optical

• 10−5 mol·L−1) in ethanol solution on nanopore substrates that were fabricated with a PEO treatment time of 1 min and were coated with a Au film of 10 nm thickness. The characteristic Raman peaks of lysozyme molecules were detected at concentrations as low as 10−6 mol·L−1. These peaks included SS

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• synthetic protein nanoparticles SPNPs were synthesized using a modification of the well-established EHD co-jetting technique [51][52][53]. Generally, SPNPs are generated by dissolving a protein of interest and a copolymer of choice into a co-solvent system of water and an organic solvent, such as ethanol or

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• with 40% H2O and 60% DMSO (v/v), a yellow precipitate of Cu2O NPs of approximately 16 nm is obtained. All the Cu2O NPs obtained were rinsed with 40 mL of distilled water five times, and once with ethanol, to remove DMSO, salts or sugar that might have been absorbed by the Cu2O NPs. The general chemical

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• lifetime measurements were performed on a JobinYvon-Horiba FluoroHub single-photon-counting module, using nano-LED-pulsed sources at 295 or 372 nm. The quantum yield measurements were performed using the relative determination, with coumarin 153 (C153, ϕ = 0.53 in ethanol) as the standard (st) [87]. The

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• techniques Samples of the nominal structure Pt(3 nm)/[Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]10/Nb(50 nm) were prepared on Al2O3() substrates using a DCA M600 MBE system with a base pressure of 10−10 mbar. Before deposition, the substrates were cleaned from organic contaminations with ethanol and isopropanol ex situ and heated at

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• -lined autoclave for 24 h at different temperatures from 190 to 220 °C. After cooling down to room temperature, the autoclaves were opened and the black precursors were washed with around 2 L of water and then 1 L of ethanol to remove residuals of the polymerization by vacuum filtration. After drying the

• , 2.20 g of resorcinol (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) was added to a mixture of 4.0 mL of 10 mM HCl aq. (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 0.80 mL of ethanol (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a homogeneous solution. The solution was cooled to 0 °C and then a formaldehyde solution (37 wt % in H2O containing 10–15

• wt % methanol) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) was added under vigorous stirring. After mixing for 5 min, the solution was kept at 40 °C for 24 h for gelation and then aged at 80 °C for 24 h. The gel was washed with ethanol at 60 °C for 4 h three times and dried at 60 °C. The dried gel was subsequently

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• ethanol and is dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C for 24 h. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the synthesis of core–shell BTO-PTh nanoparticles. To compare dielectric properties and energy efficiency, a similar approach is used to prepare pristine polythiophene (PTh) without introducing BTO nanoparticles in the

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• with ethanol and centrifuged for further use. Pure TiO2 NPs were also prepared by using the above method without the addition of Ag as a precursor. Sample characterizations The crystal structure of the samples was investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD, ARL X'TRA, Thermo Techno, USA) using a

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• was measured with ImageJ® in order to calculate the equivalent diameter, which was used to define the NP size. Chemicals and reagents Mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA), 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH), 17β-estradiol (E2), and ethanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A 17β-estradiol binding aptamer was

• affinity to Au but none to TiO2. Moreover, the Raman spectrum of MBA is well known and the molecule demonstrates a large scattering cross section [30]. For the functionalization of TiO2/Au surfaces, MBA was diluted in ethanol at a concentration of 2.9 mM. The TiO2/Au samples were then soaked in the

• solution overnight. After that, they were thoroughly rinsed with ethanol before drying with nitrogen. For E2 detection, the TiO2/Au surfaces were first functionalized with the aptamer. For this a fresh 3 μM solution of aptamer was prepared in Tris-HCl buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl contained 1 M of HCl

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• is mixed with 100 mg of either graphite or graphite oxide in a quartz beaker and irradiated with microwaves for 1 min. Products are collected from the reaction vessel, sonicated in ethanol for 1 min and centrifuged for 5 min at 6000 rpm to separate big metal particles and unreacted graphite. The

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• , the insertion of special modifiers on the FGDA nanocubes may increase their applicability in the clinical settings. Experimental Materials Oleic acid (C18H34O2, OA) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) were purchased from Tianjin Beichenfangzheng Chemical Reagent Factory. Hexane (C6H14), absolute ethanol

• methods used for synthesizing metal oleate precursors were described in detail in a previous study [34]. 10 mmol sodium oleate was dissolved in a solution containing 60 mL ultrapure water and 20 mL ethanol, 5.0 mmol iron(III) chloride and 1.0 mmol gadolinium chloride hexahydrate were dissolved in 20 mL

• system was heated up to 200 °C for 30 min, then heated up again to 310 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min and then submitted to refluxing for 30 min. All procedures mentioned above were performed under nitrogen atmosphere. When the reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, 80 mL of ethanol was added to

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• were prepared by wet-spinning and coagulation in an ethanol bath. Thereby, no toxic components were introduced into the wet-spun chitosan fibers. After drying, the helical fibers had a diameter of approximately 130 µm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of wet-spun helices revealed that the magnetic

• , which was comprised of a syringe pump and an ethanol coagulation bath (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). The most stable and reproducible wet-spinning conditions were obtained at an IOP concentration of 10 mg·mL−1 in 30 mg·mL−1 chitosan solution. Under these conditions, IOP-embedded chitosan

• disordered fiber mats were observed after being retrieved from the ethanol bath. These results validate wet-spinning as a technique that can be used to embed nanoparticles into chitosan fibers. Until now, this achievement has only been reported in electrospinning [36][37][38] or 3D-bioprinting [11

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• ). After the formation of nanowires via anodization, the GaAs substrates were treated in an ultrasound bath for 15 s in ethanol. Subsequently, a few drops of the ethanol suspension containing nanowires were deposited on a glass substrate followed by a gentle blow drying to remove the ethanol. A double

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• at +40 V for two hours using two graphite plate counter electrodes. Subsequently, they were rinsed with water and ethanol several times. Catalyst coating was performed by atomic layer deposition in a commercial Gemstar 6 reactor from Arradiance. Platinum and iridium were deposited using

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• purity ≥ 99%, both purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, dissolved in ethanol (C2H5OH), was sprayed onto the substrate using a homemade sprayer with an O2 gas flow. The substrate was heated in the temperature range of 400 °C to 650 °C during the deposition. 0.35 M zinc acetate and magnesium acetate solutions

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• resolution. However, the majority of 3D AFM studies have been focused on the arrangement of water at carbonate surfaces. Here, we present an analysis of the assembly of ethanol – an organic molecule with a single hydroxy group – at the calcite and magnesite (10.4) surfaces by using high-resolution 3D AFM and

• molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Within a single AFM data set we are able to resolve both the first laterally ordered solvation layer of ethanol on the calcite surface as well as the following solvation layers that show no lateral order. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with MD

• reveals a qualitatively similar ethanol arrangement on both carbonates, indicating the general nature of this finding. Keywords: 3D AFM; calcite; ethanol; magnesite; MD simulation; solvation structure; Introduction Sedimentary rocks including the minerals calcite and magnesite are abundant constituents

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• with acetone and subsequently ethanol for 20 min with each solvent. The samples were then transferred into the vacuum chamber and baked at 120 °C for 8 h. A non-reflective silicon AFM probe (PPP-NCL, Nanosensors) was used in AFM measurements. TEM images were taken of the AFM tip apex before mounting

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• boiling point, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) [5]. Alternative approaches for obtaining MoO3 dispersions in low boiling point solvents have also been reported. For instance, Alsaif et al. have exfoliated MoO3 in mixtures of water and alcohols (methanol, ethanol, IPA) [12]. In these dispersions molybdenum

• nanosheets of MoO3, respectively. Along with the morphological characterization it is also important to assess the chemical nature of the exfoliated nanosheets. It was previously observed that the exfoliation of MoO3 in some low boiling point alcohols (IPA, ethanol) and mixed solvent systems based on H2O

• (IPA/H2O, ethanol/H2O) tend to lead to the formation of molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) when exposed to UV radiation [12][21]. The mechanism of the reaction is [13]: H+ ions, which are dissociated from the protic solvents, tend to intercalate in MoO3 layers forming HxMoO3 and the MoO3 dispersions change

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• TEOS was added to a solution containing ethanol, ammonia (33%) and ultrapure water under magnetic stirring and at room temperature for 30–40 min. The ratio of the reagents was modified in order to control the NPs size (Table 2). The NP suspension was centrifuged at 11,000 rcf for 15 min and the

• particles re-suspended in ethanol once, centrifuged, and re-suspended in ultrapure water. The procedure was repeated three times. The purified NPs were suspended in ultrapure water and stored at 4 °C until use. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The NPs morphology was characterised using scanning electron

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• the solid state, due to aggregation-caused quenching, they turn less emissive. Luo et al. in 2001 have shown that when water was added to a solution of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole in ethanol, it turned intensely emissive [71]. The quantum yield of silole increased by 333 times in a water

• /ethanol (90/10 v/v) mixture compared to that of in pure ethanol solution. In solution, the dynamic intramolecular rotation serves as a route for nonradiative relaxation process. Upon aggregation, the intramolecular rotations are restricted, which blocks the non-radiative pathways and opens the radiative

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• particularly important in the design and optimization of devices based on the plasmon effect. Experimental Ag nanostructures were prepared on borosilicate glass (Corning 1737F) and Si substrates. In both cases, the substrates were cleaned with acetylacetone and then rinsed in ethanol. Thin Ag films (1–9 nm