Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

• Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
• Movaffaq Kateb,
• Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
• Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

• ). For this aim, the edges of the substrate were marked before deposition. After deposition, the samples were sonicated in an ethanol/isopropanol mixture to remove the marker and the nickel on top of it (lift-off process). Cross sections of the Ni films were studied using a Leo Supra 25 scanning electron

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• , however, mattered when the further process went on. For instance, when only a little amount of EDA was added to COP-100, the mixture became a red polymeric solution, but the COP-100 polymer precipitated (COP-100-Precip.) if a polar solvent, i.e., ethanol, was added (Figure 3a). It may be attributed that

• -100. A typical COP-100 solution with 50 equiv EDA, showing a clear red color (Figure 3b), could be easily mixed and diluted with ethanol (Figure 3c). When the diluted polymer solution was analyzed with TEM, separated polymer nanoparticles were observed showing an average size of 115.7 ± 40.8 nm

• , (g) 3 min, and (h) 5 min (scale bar = 10 μm). Effect of amine equivalence in solubilizing COP-100. (a) COP-100 dissolved in 8 equivalent EDA which precipitated by the addition of ethanol, (b) COP-100 dissolved in 50 equivalent EDA, and (c) diluted solution of (b) in ethanol. (d) TEM image of COP-100

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• , SP80), polyoxyethylenesorbitan trioleate (Tween 85, T85), cholesterol (Chol), curcumin, ethanol, methanol, and cellulose membrane with molecular weight cut-off = 14000 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Preparation of SP80 and T85 niosomes by microfluidic mixing Niosomes composed of SP80 or T85 as

• the organic phase and the other for the aqueous phase. The organic phase was prepared by dissolving the lipid components (Sp80 or T85 with Chol at a 50:50 molar ratio) with or without curcumin in ethanol while the aqueous phase was deionised water. The mixing process carried out at 50 °C using a

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN), and ethanol (EtOH), with different characteristics were used in this study. We addressed the CDP-catalyzed oligomerization from ᴅ-glucose primers, where the precipitated nanosheets are produced in aqueous solution [30][31]. The

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• ) and ethanol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Santiago, Chile). Texas Industrial Solutions Advanced (Santiago, Chile) supplied commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles commonly used in industrial applications, named TiO2 NPs. Two clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus 622-4

• (model Actinic BL TL TL-D 15W/10 1SL/25) was used. Development of hollow TiO2 nanospheres Electrosprayed SPVP materials were obtained using a vertical electrospinning system (Spraybase® power supply unit, Ireland). A 20% (w/v) PVP solution was prepared in 50% ethanol solution and stirred at room

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• ) HSA solution and incubated for 2 h at room temperature under stirring (550 rpm, Cimaric i Multipoint Stirrer, ThermoFisher Scientific, Langenselbold, Germany). 4 mL of ethanol 96% was added at room temperature under stirring using a peristaltic pump (Ismatec ecoline, Ismatec, Wertheim-Mondfeld

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• of chromolane (spin-coated from 0.1 wt % ethanol solution and then dried at 95 °C). Note that in such a cell geometry, when the LC is vertically aligned at the top substrate, the difference between optical phase retardations of differently polarized normally incident light is fully determined by the

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• Pangel® S9, a commercial product of rheological grade that contains more than 95% pure sepiolite. Zein (Z) from maize, and alginate (A) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Absolute ethanol was supplied by Panreac. Aqueous solutions were prepared from chemicals of analytical reagent grade: AlCl3·6H2O (>99

• ) and 34 mg of MCPA or the required amount of the MCPA-LDH or MCPA-LDH/Sep hybrids containing 34 mg of MCPA were incorporated into 20 mL of ethanol–water (80%,v/v); iii) the mixture was homogenized, and then slowly added to an alginate solution under magnetic stirring for approximately 30 min; iv) the

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• addition, a scalable production process was demonstrated. The loading of the particles was performed by applying the immersion–evaporation method. The antioxidant rutin was used as a model active agent and ethanol was applied as the solvent. Various silica particles (Syloid®, Davisil®) differing in

• particle size (7–50 µm), pore diameter (3–25 nm) and pore volume (0.4–1.75 mL/g) were investigated regarding their ease of processing. The evaporation from the silica–ethanol suspensions was performed in a rotary evaporator. The finest powders were obtained with larger-sized silica. The maximum loading

• nm (Syloid® AL-1 FP), 6 nm (Davisil® LC 60 Å 12 µm), 10 nm (Syloid® 72 FP), 17 nm (Syloid® 244 FP), and 25 nm (Syloid® XDP 3050) were kindly provided by Grace GmbH & Co. KG (Worms, Germany). Ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in gradient

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• was closely related to the choice of solvent, and the photo-dimerization of the cinnamic amide moiety only occurred for methanol and ethanol. Other solvents could not be shown to induce this kind of transformation. We speculated that methanol or ethanol may affect the hydrogen bonding between the

• 4NCLG assemblies in ethanol was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure 2 shows the detailed SEM images of the self-assembled structures. Upon SEM observation, 2NCLG self-assembled into a right-handed helical nanofiber with a helical pitch of about 250 nm and a width of approximately 70

• behaviors among the NCLG molecules, the UV–vis spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra were investigated (Figure 3). Figure 3a shows the UV–vis spectra of NCLG solutions and assemblies in ethanol. It can be clearly observed that the 2NCLG, 3NCLG and 4NCLG solutions exhibited main absorption bands at

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• sensitivities in the order of aniline > toluene > benzene > ethanol > hexane > cyclohexane > methanol > water. The obtained nanoporous low-dimensional C60 assemblies provide advantageous features of easy diffusion and promoted π–π interactions for facile sensing. Saran and Curry reported the use of one

• ) [252]. Three-dimensional cubic structures were precipitated as Olmstead’s crystalline C60–Ag(I) organometallic hetero-nanostructures [C60{AgNO3}5] at the interface between a saturated benzene solution of C60 and an ethanol solution of silver(I) nitrate. The formed cubic structures underwent structural

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• . Fabrication of gas sensors ZnO/SiC nanocomposites containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 100 mol % SiC were prepared by mixing components in a single homogeneous paste using a solution of α-terpineol in ethanol as a binder. The sensors were fabricated by thick film technology via drop-deposition of the paste onto

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• ethanol (99.5%, Wako Pure Chemicals, Co. Ltd.) and 75 μL of ultrapure water in a plastic conical vial (1.5 mL). The working electrode was a 4 mm diameter glass-like carbon electrode (BAS Inc.). The carbon ink (1.78 μL) was pasted onto the whole area of the glass-like carbon electrode (catalyst loading is

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• chemistry, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system was installed behind the exit of the deposition setup with tubing of minimal length (2 cm), effectively allowing the deposition to occur on the QCM crystal as well. The waste pumped out of the QCM chamber was immediately neutralized with ethanol

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• -lined stainless autoclave (V = 100 mL). The autoclave was sealed and maintained at 180 °C for 12 h and then let to cool to room temperature. The resultant white powder was collected and washed with deionized water and absolute ethanol several times, and finally dried at 60 °C. The powder was dispersed

• in absolute ethanol and subsequently dripped onto conducting carbon resin for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and onto carbon grids for TEM experiments. Microstructural characterization X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• Cr2O3-functionalzied WO3 nanorod sensor had better selectivity toward ethanol than that of pristine WO3 [11]. From previous reports, it is almost certainly clear that catalytic Mn3O4 attached to WO3 should promote the gas sensing reactions, and the Mn3O4/WO3 composite is expected to be a more effective

• ), and absolute ethanol were of analytical grade and purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagents Company (Shanghai, China). Deionized water (>18.0 MΩ·cm) was used throughout the synthesis process. Synthesis Pure WO3 and Mn3O4/WO3 composites were prepared by the hydrothermal method and a subsequent heat

• treatment. An ethanol solution was prepared by dissolving 0.3 g of WCl6 and various amounts of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O in absolute ethanol (60 mL) (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). Then, the solution was stirred for 45 min to obtain a primrose colored homogeneous solution. Afterwards, the prepared

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• the target degradation product. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism was further analyzed by investigating the structure and photochemical properties of the catalyst. Experimental Materials Tetrabutyl titanate, ethanol, acetic acid, nitric acid, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

• Yingkou, China, and used after removing impurities by acid leaching. Preparation of TiO2/diatomite composite In a typical synthesis, we prepared the TiO2/diatomite composite via a modified sol–gel method: Firstly, we added 12 mL of tetrabutyl titanate to 20 mL ethanol under stirring, which was recorded as

• solution A. Solution B was obtained by mixing 4 g of diatomite, 20 mL of ethanol, 0.5 mL of glacial acetic acid and 1.5 mL of 0.1 mol/L nitric acid under stirring. In order to obtain the precursor colloid, solution B was dripped into solution A under stirring. After that, the precursor was dried at 60 °C

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• sol–gel synthesis according to our previous synthetic protocol [25] as shown in Figure 1 with mole ratios of [Au3Pz3]C10TEG/TBOS/EtOH/HCl/H2O 1:60:504:1.2:266. Subsequently, a medium comprised of dry ethanol (61.6 mg, 1.3 mmol), deionized water (11.9 mg, 0.7 mmol) and hydrochloric acid (0.3 mg, 2.9

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• oleic acid (OA, 90%) were obtained from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. NaOH, NH4F, ethanol, methanol, cyclohexane, trichloromethane, acetonitrile, NaCl, Na2HPO4, and NaH2PO4 were purchased from Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were obtained from

• 10 mL ethanol/chloroform (1:1) solution for 12 h at the room temperature. Then, the as-prepared PAA-UCNPs (80 mg) were added into 20 mL ethanol/acetonitrile (1:1) solution containing APTES (12.5 μL), EGDMA (25 μL), and AIBN (25 mg). After heating to 45 °C for 6 h, the amine-group-functionalized UCNPs

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• (diameter: 5 mm) was cleaned with ethanol and deionized water, then dried with nitrogen. Subsequently, the cleaned AAO and the precursor melamine were put on the bottom of the glass test tube. The samples were placed in the oven to heat to 773 K with a heating rate of 10 K/min, and then kept for 4 h to

• allylamine and 1 g of ethanol). The mixture was sonicated for 10 min, and nitrogen was flushed through the mixture for 3 min for the removal of dissolved oxygen. The CNNM was placed in a glass dish, then AHPA or AA solution was dropped onto the surface of the CNNM. The mixture was irradiated by 50 W LED

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• solution, thoroughly washed with water and ethanol, and dried in nitrogen flow. The corresponding silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber (Ag-NP/cellulose-NF) composites obtained were denoted as Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Characterizations Direct surface observations of the Ag-NP

• , a small piece of the corresponding sample was cut from the sheet and stirred in 5.0 mL of ethanol overnight to yield a suspension, which was dripped onto a carbon-coated copper grid followed and dried in air. TEM and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) images were acquired using a Hitachi HT-7700

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• interaction between the carbon support and the metallic salt and favor the formation of small nanoparticles. 2.04 mmol of CoCl2·6H2O were dissolved in 60 mL of ethanol and added in a 30 mL ethanol solution containing 0.2 g of CNTs and 0.48 mmol of [bmim][Tf2N]. The reaction mixture was sonicated for 20 min

• and then stirred vigorously. A freshly prepared NaBH4 solution in ethanol (0.15 mol·L−1) was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to react for 30 min. Afterwards, 100 mL of deionized water were added and the suspension was stirred for 3 h. Next, 1.27 mmol of K2PtCl4 was dissolved in 60 mL of

• deionized water added to the solution. After stirring overnight, the solution was filtered; the product was washed with ethanol and deionized water, and finally dried at 80 °C. The Pt3Ni/CNT catalysts were prepared using the same procedure using NiCl2·6H2O as the metal precursor. Characterization The

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• for various reaction times (5, 15, 45, 60 min) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was centrifuged twice with water and once with ethanol (5 min, 6000 rpm). After centrifugation, the isolated products were dried in an oven at 100 °C for 1 h. Preparation of PDMS/Eu-doped yttrium hydroxide

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• kaolinite surface through sol–gel methods as, for instance, one based on the controlled hydrolysis titanium(IV)-n-butoxide in ethanol, resulting in heterocoagulation with kaolinite in aqueous suspensions [96]. However, kaolinite can be expanded by the intercalation of polar molecules such as urea, dimethyl

• , when exposed to UV light [117]. Other alternative approaches include the direct precipitation of the ZnO from Zn salts in presence of bentonite dispersed in ethanol [124] or the association of ZnO NPs with Laponite® using poly(vinyl alcohol) as binder agent [125]. In both cases, the resulting materials

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• -carboxaldehyde (98%), phloroglucinol (≥99.0%), Pluronic® F-127 and ethanol were purchased from MERCK. Hydrochloric acid (37%, Rotipuran®, p.a.) and ethanol (99.8%, p.a.) were purchased from Carl Roth®. All chemicals were used as obtained without any further purification. As a precursor material PAN-based carbon

• approach was utilized, following the synthesis route of Martinez de Yuso and co-workers [23]. Phloroglucinol (1,3,5-benzenetriol, C6H6O3; 0.219 g) as carbon source and Pluronic® F-127 ((polyethylene oxide)-(polypropylene oxide)-(polyethylene oxide); 0.437 g) were dissolved in ethanol (40 mL), which was

• acidified before with HCl (0.3 mL, 37%). Then a solution of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.166 g) in ethanol (5.5 mL) was added. In case of the co-doped carbon composite electrode 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (0.3 mL) as sulfur source was incorporated as well. The mixture was stirred for 1 min before the felts