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Search for "film" in Full Text gives 1115 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

  • Viet Van Pham,
  • Hong-Huy Tran,
  • Thao Kim Truong and
  • Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

Graphical Abstract
  • increasing film thickness [45]. Zhou et al. indicated that the direct bandgap transition of SnO2 has an absorption coefficient α and the optical bandgap (Eg) can be determined by the calculation of α(hν)2 ∝ (hν − Eg)1/2/hν, and the plot of α(hν)2 vs photon energy hν, respectively. For example, the bandgap of
  • a SnO2 thin film with a thickness of about 130 nm is 3.597 eV [42]. The reported bandgap of bulk SnO2 is 3.6 eV. Changing the morphology, particle size, or the formation of OVs or defects narrow the bandgap. In the study of Babu et al., a redshift of the absorption edge was observed when SnO2
  • thin film materials that can replace powder materials, (5) adhering the catalyst materials on commercial films such as polypropylene, polytetrafluorethylene, or PM2.5 films for real-life applications, such as air filters and NOx gas treatment membranes; and (6) applying the materials in biological
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Published 21 Jan 2022

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

  • Rahil Hosseinifar,
  • Evangelos Golias,
  • Ivar Kumberg,
  • Quentin Guillet,
  • Karl Frischmuth,
  • Sangeeta Thakur,
  • Mario Fix,
  • Manfred Albrecht,
  • Florian Kronast and
  • Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

Graphical Abstract
  • film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoelectron emission microscopy. Individual linearly polarized laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength and 100 fs duration above a certain threshold fluence reverse the sample magnetization, independent of the
  • individual ultrashort focused laser pulses has been reported [21]. In this paper, we investigate nondeterministic all-optical toggle switching of a Gd26Fe74 film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by magnetic imaging using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) with X-ray magnetic circular
  • compensation temperature, a different Walker breakdown, or less uniaxial anisotropy. Conclusion XMCD-PEEM imaging of the deviation from deterministic all-optical toggle switching of a Gd26Fe74 film by single ultrashort laser pulses showed that the factors that cause this deviation can be distinguished as
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Published 17 Jan 2022

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

  • Robin Vacher and
  • Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

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  • layers of graphene oxide and polyethylenimine. The authors showed that a transfer film of graphene on the polymer leads to lower friction. While to our knowledge there have been no numerical studies of friction on graphene-coated polymers, the graphene–polymer interface has been studied. Rissanou et al
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Published 14 Jan 2022

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

  • Huang-Hsiang Lin,
  • Jonathan Heinze,
  • Alexander Croy,
  • Rafael Gutiérrez and
  • Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

Graphical Abstract
  • are taken into account due to high pressure at intermediate sliding velocities. On the macroscopic scale, the hydrodynamics of the fluid can be analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [6][7], which is based on solving the Navier–Stokes equation [8][9] or Reynold equation [10] for the thin-film
  • ]. To proceed further, one may ask if lubricants can provide the same functionality as in the macroscopic case and are able to improve the transmission efficiency. Consider the case where the lubricant film within the contact area consists only of a small number of molecules. In this case, the pressure
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Published 05 Jan 2022

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

  • Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
  • Adrien Chauvin and
  • Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

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  • designed to coat objects with thin film materials. Sputtering is the physical phenomenon describing the ejection of atoms from a surface bombarded by fast particles such as noble gas cations. These ions can be produced in a low-pressure plasma and accelerated towards a negatively biased surface, that is
  • from the plasma to the film during growth through heating of the substrate and/or via bombardment by energetic particles or post-deposition annealing of the film can be envisaged. More information on thin film deposition (onto solid substrates) by sputtering-based processes can be found in books such
  • as gas-phase scattering is minimized. The film deposition rate, lying typically in the range of several nanometers per minute, is therefore higher compared to non-magnetized sputtering discharges. Here a remark should be made: While the film growth rate is usually expressed in units of thickness per
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Published 04 Jan 2022

Design aspects of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

  • Mikhail M. Krasnov,
  • Natalia D. Novikova,
  • Roger Cattaneo,
  • Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
  • Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

Graphical Abstract
  • of the other two materials, namely Bi-2212 and polycrystalline gold electrodes. At low T both have linear κ(T). For Bi-2212 we assume κab(T) = 0.1 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [45] with an anisotropy κab/κc = 8 [46]. For a polycrystalline gold thin film we use κ(T) = 3 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [32]. The heat is produced in
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Published 21 Dec 2021

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

  • Leonid S. Revin,
  • Dmitriy V. Masterov,
  • Alexey E. Parafin,
  • Sergey A. Pavlov and
  • Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

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  • YBaCuO film deposition on an yttria-stabilized zirconia bicrystal substrate. Non-monotonic dependences of step heights for different external signal frequencies were found in the limit of a weak driving signal, with the maxima occurring at different points as function of the temperature. The step heights
  • discussed, and the measurement results are compared with the results of numerical calculations. Experimental Setup and Numerical Model The samples of grain boundary Josephson junctions were fabricated by on-axis dc magnetron sputtering [28][29][30][31] of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) film on the surface of 24°[001
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Published 23 Nov 2021

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO2 and TeO2 thin films doped by Eu3+ for optoelectronic applications

  • Marcin Łapiński,
  • Jakub Czubek,
  • Katarzyna Drozdowska,
  • Anna Synak,
  • Wojciech Sadowski and
  • Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

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  • luminescence properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide and tellurium oxide thin films enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures. We propose a new type of plasmon structure with an ultrathin dielectric film between plasmonic platform and luminescent material. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured through
  • thermal annealing of the gold thin film. Thermal dewetting of gold film results in spherical gold nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm. Both, luminescent TiO2:Eu and TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from mosaic targets. The morphology of the gold nanostructures was
  • investigated by SEM and TEM, while the composition of oxides film was analyzed by XPS. Luminescence properties were studied on the basis of excitation and emission spectra. The experiments show that the additional dielectric layer enhances the luminescence intensity. Such structures could be potential
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Published 22 Nov 2021

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

  • Marco Fortunato,
  • Alessio Tamburrano,
  • Maria Paola Bracciale,
  • Maria Laura Santarelli and
  • Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

Graphical Abstract
  • signals, as reported in the chemical maps shown in Figure 7, indicating the presence of clusters of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Despite the presence of these agglomerates Fe and Co appear to be uniformly distributed in the nanocomposite film, confirming that the nanoparticles are well dispersed in the
  • for 30 min and then spin coated (30 s with a spin speed of 2000 rpm) onto polyethylene terephthalate/indium tin oxide (PET/ITO, Sigma-Aldrich, Rs = 60 Ω/sq). The obtained melt was cured in the oven at 120 °C for 2 h. After curing, the nanostructured thin film was placed over a heated mat reaching 65
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Published 19 Nov 2021

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

  • Ashish Gupta,
  • Amrita Jain,
  • Manju Kumari and
  • Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

Graphical Abstract
  • electrolyte film which contains 30 wt % of the ionic liquid. The optimized films have good potential to be used as electrolyte materials for energy storage applications. Keywords: ionic liquid; polymer gel electrolytes; solution casting technique; transference number; Introduction For the past two decades
  • surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, {(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6), and ({(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6)) (20 wt %) + [PC-Mg(ClO4)2 (0.3 M)] (80 wt %), where PC is the plasticizer propylene carbonate, was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is depicted in Figure 1a–c
  • . Figure 1a shows the surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, indicating an uneven and rough surface of the crystalline polymer. Upon the addition of the ionic liquid [BDiMIM][Cl] on PVdF-HFP, the sizes of the grains start decreasing and the membrane becomes flexible and appears as a swollen structure
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Published 18 Nov 2021

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

  • Ruifei Wang,
  • Jin Chai,
  • Bobo Luo,
  • Xiong Liu,
  • Jianting Zhang,
  • Min Wu,
  • Mingdan Wei and
  • Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

Graphical Abstract
  • essentially sliding along the solid surfaces at a molecular level, as illustrated in Figure 1b. Its value cannot be negative. On the other hand, apparent slip means that the liquid slips at the surface of a thin fluid film of a different phase near the solid wall. That is, the liquid slippage occurs at the
  • corrugated distribution of water molecules on the surface of boron nitride [69]. 2.1.2 Variation of negative slip length. As stated in Section 1.2, the negative slip length means that there is a static liquid film near solid surfaces. It was shown by many previous studies that a negative slip length may
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Published 17 Nov 2021

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

  • Alexei G. Temiryazev,
  • Andrey V. Krayev and
  • Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

Graphical Abstract
  • and sharp probes in the attraction regime means that the contact area is small and the tip–sample interaction is negligible. On the one hand, this allows for high-quality imaging of loosely attached and soft objects, even if they have a high aspect ratio. For example, Figure 2d shows a film of single
  • broken micropipette (a) and an intact micropipette (b); AFM image of the tip of the probe (c), the surface of a SWCNT film (d); AFM image (without processing) of the surface of bismuth telluride (e). Scanning parameters for (a): 256 by 256 points, A0 = 12 nm, Tline = 2 s, Tdir =1.8 s, Vup = 20 µm/s
  • experimental results. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to P.I. Kuznetsov for the bismuth telluride samples provided. We acknowledge Artem K. Grebenko (LNM Skoltech) for the SWCNT film sample, and Vasilii Kolmogorov for micropipettes. Funding The work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation
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Published 15 Nov 2021

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

  • Vishal Kamathe and
  • Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

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  • pits. The self-organization of structures was attributed to tin chloride, which led to a larger size of the pits, while copper oxide led to the formation of hillocks in the film. The D values of the samples were in the range of 2.00–2.24. For the Sn/Cu = 6 ratio, the fractal dimension was 2.0, and the
  • heights across the film surface with few locations having a small barrier height depending upon fractal dimension and geometry. Such locations serve as sites with improved sensitivity and respond to the gas faster than other locations that have higher Schottky barrier heights. The gas sensing measurements
  • performed by Kante et al. were in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. For CO, the response was observed to be about 2.5 at 250 °C with a response time of 70 s and a recovery time of 30 s. When exposed to ethanol vapor, the resulting film exhibited a higher sensitivity (400% at 227 °C) towards ethanol with
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Published 09 Nov 2021

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF3)4

  • Alexey Prosvetov,
  • Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
  • Gennady Sushko and
  • Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

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  • chamber. Depending on the experimental conditions (temperature, precursor gas pressure, geometry, and position of the gas inlet), precursor molecules adsorb on the substrate surface and form a thin (from sub-monolayer to several monolayer thickness) film. An explicit evaluation of adsorption and
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Published 13 Oct 2021

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

  • Keshav Nagpal,
  • Erwan Rauwel,
  • Frédérique Ducroquet and
  • Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

Graphical Abstract
  • from certain limitations, including high processing temperatures, cracking upon bending, and poor transparency in the blue and UV regions. In addition, ITO is expensive owing to the fact that it is deposited by high-vacuum thin-film deposition methods and the price of indium has escalated by almost 900
  • absorbed (≈540 nm) by AuNP and the PL emission of the Alq3 thin film (≈530 nm) implies a suitable plasmonic coupling with the NPB HTL (Figure 6b). In Figure 6c, the SPR coupling radius for a 20 nm AuNP was estimated to be ≈10 nm. This implies that the excitonic recombination occurs very close to the NPB
  • a uniform thin film. Some of the commonly used polymers and metal oxides for ETL are PBD, PBD-PMMA, BND, ZnO, SnO2, and TiO2 [69][70][71]. Improvements in the device performance have been reported, when using polymer–MWNT nanocomposite-based ETL. For example, Fournet et al. have investigated the
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Published 24 Sep 2021

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

  • Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
  • Bernd Wicklein and
  • Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

Graphical Abstract
  • . reported on the wet impregnation of carbon fiber cloth with sulfur dissolved in CS2 [56]. The process leads to sulfur deposition within the hollow lumen of the carbon fibers as well as on the external surface as thin film. A battery assembled with a metal Na anode had a capacity of 120 mAh·g−1 after 300
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Published 09 Sep 2021

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

  • Elena O. Gordeeva,
  • Ilya V. Roslyakov,
  • Alexey P. Leontiev,
  • Alexey A. Klimenko and
  • Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

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  • density. At stage III, some of the nanowires reach the AAO surface and Cu starts to grow at the external surface of the template, which manifests itself by a growth of current density. Finally, the current density stabilizes at a near constant value, indicating the growth of a continuous metal film (stage
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Published 30 Aug 2021

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

  • Sabine Maier and
  • Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

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  • these aspects for the self-assembly of porphyrin derivatives on cobalt oxide films on top of Ir(100). While the unfunctionalized diphenylporphyrin self-assembled on the bilayer film but not on the two-bilayer film, the opposite observation was made for cyanotetraphenylporphyrin. Physical decoupling of
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Published 23 Aug 2021

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

  • Olena M. Kapran,
  • Roman Morari,
  • Taras Golod,
  • Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
  • Vladimir Boian,
  • Andrei Prepelita,
  • Nikolay Klenov,
  • Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
  • Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

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  • states in complex thin-film multilayers. In this work, we study experimentally in-plane transport properties of microstructured Nb/Co multilayers. We apply various transport characterization techniques, including magnetoresistance, Hall effect, and the first-order-reversal-curves (FORC) analysis. We
  • demonstrated good uniformity and perspectives for device applications [25][26][28][32][33][43][44]. Figure 1b shows a magnetization curve for a similar Nb(25 nm)/[Co(1.5 nm)/Nb(8 nm)/Co(2.5 nm)/Nb(8 nm)]6Co(1.5 nm)/Nb(25 nm) unpatterned ML film, deposited using the same setup (data from [43]). M(H) is obtained
  • by SQUID magnetometry in a field parallel to the film in the normal state at T > Tc. A significant hysteresis of M(H) reveals the in-plane anisotropy of Co films (albeit with a small coercive field, HC ≈ 30 Oe), consistent with earlier studies [44][45][46][47]. Figure 1c shows a numerical simulation
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Published 17 Aug 2021

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu2+ ions

  • Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
  • Andrei Yu. Panarin,
  • Irina A. Chelnokova,
  • Sergei N. Terekhov,
  • Peter Mojzes and
  • Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

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  • value below 10 nm. Taking into account the diameter of the NPs, we conclude that the major part of their surface would remain uncovered by the polymer layer in the plasmonic film on the SERS substrate. AFM images (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) confirm our conclusion. Topology map shows that
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Published 16 Aug 2021

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

  • Chia-Wei Huang,
  • Man-Ping Chang and
  • Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

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  • . Keywords: dislocation; graphene/Cu; molecular dynamics; shear; self-healing; Introduction Graphene is a monolayered hexagonal thin film composed of sp2-bonded carbon atoms and has extraordinary properties for applications in nanoelectronics [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, because of the two-dimensional
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Published 12 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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Published 11 Aug 2021

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

  • Yuri B. Matos,
  • Rodrigo S. Romanus,
  • Mattheus Torquato,
  • Edgar H. de Souza,
  • Rodrigo L. Villanova,
  • Marlene Soares and
  • Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

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  • substrate. It is thus a low-cost solution for antimicrobial nanoparticle production that is also scalable to industrial production. Crystal structure of halloysite particles. Layout of sample dimensions (in mm × mm) and preparation for the polymer antimicrobial test showing (1) film cover, (2) bacterial
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Published 05 Aug 2021

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

  • Rafal Pietruszka,
  • Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
  • Monika Ozga,
  • Katarzyna Gwozdz,
  • Ewa Placzek-Popko and
  • Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

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  • structured top electrodes were examined by numerous measuring techniques. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a grain-like morphology of the magnesium-doped zinc oxide film. The size of the grains is closely related to the structure of the nanorods. The external quantum efficiency of the cells was measured
  • elsewhere [15]. Zn1−xMgxO and Zn1−xAlxO grown by ALD Sample A, covered by ZnONR, and sample B were placed in the growth chamber of the ALD reactor. Before the growth process, the ALD reactor chamber was heated to 250 °C. The samples stayed in the chamber at this temperature for 2 h. A thin film of MZO was
  • , allowing us to construct a 3D top electrode and to improve light collection/harvesting in cells with such electrodes. Figure 3 shows cross sections of the studied photovoltaic structures. The cell labeled as sample A contains ZnONR grown via the hydrothermal method. On the nanorods, an MZO film was
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Published 21 Jul 2021

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

  • Ke Xu and
  • Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

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  • controlled, so as to make the robot move along the surface of a graphene film in a desired trajectory. This study provided a lot of useful insight in the design of nanorobots. In the future, such designed nanorobots could be integrated into a silicon-based chip to perform specific actions. Also they could be
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Published 20 Jul 2021
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