Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• semiconductors and carbon-based materials can be easily designed and synthesized by thermal condensation of several low cost, solid precursor materials such as urea, thiourea, dicyandiamide, cyanamide and guanidine hydrochloride at high temperature (500–600 °C) in air or inert atmosphere (Figure 3c) [88][89][90

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• sensitive to high-temperature treatment, such as thermal annealing, has been discussed in one of the previous chapters. When heated, this material becomes harder, more rigid and more brittle. A simple explanation of this effect is the increase of the degree of polymer crystallinity at elevated temperatures

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• microscopy observations [17] as well as Raman results after post-annealing of the (3×3)/(4×4) epitaxial silicene phase [23], which demonstrated a dewetting process of the Si layer from the Ag(111) surface around 300 °C. Hence, a temperature of 300 °C marks the high temperature limit for 2D Si layer formation

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• situ composites in the high temperature region suggest the formation of 3D networks of the filler within the polymer matrix and significant crosslinking between the both phases [18]. In order to gain deeper insight into the reinforcement effect of the MWCNTs in these composites, stress–strain testing

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• oxidant flowrate series of runs, two additional conditions were carried out at a lower substrate temperature of 25 °C compared to their high temperature counterparts (LT series: LT-BC, LT-F1). The decrease in the temperature may promote surface adsorption over reaction that can impact polymer growth

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• , a drying process at temperatures below 100 °C and high-temperature treatment at several hundred degrees centigrade [1][6]. The most important reason to develop these methods, which are reported in literature with the objective of coating carbon fibers with silicon dioxide and ceramic layers, is

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• pore width distribution around 1 nm [46] in comparison to high temperature glassy carbons with mesopores in the range of 5 nm [41]. This difference of the two materials processed under different temperature conditions might be due an increase of graphitic onion-like substructures which form under the

• high temperature treatment from lesser graphitic-like material. The growth of these sp² zones leads to a decrease of open adsorption sites and leads to an obstruction of former micropores. Characterization of silicon carbide tubes (5) Figure 7 shows TEM images of the silicon carbide tubes (5) and the

• to a decrease in the total micropore volume and an increase in the mesopore content. The similarity of the carbon tube material (4) after CO2 adsorption with 4 carbonized at a high temperature of 1300 °C or 1600 °C is also observed in the Raman spectra (Figure 11). After the thermal annealing of 4

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• range of 250–1400 nm. Results and Discussion ZnO/ZCIS photocatalyst synthesis and characterization QDs with a CIS core were prepared by a high temperature decomposition method in the noncoordinating solvent 1-octadecene using In(OAc)3, CuI and dodecanethiol (DTT) as starting materials. DDT serves both

• complete evaporation of the solvent. Next, the ZnO/ZCIS powder was heated at high temperature to decompose the DDT ligand covering ZCIS QDs and create a heterojunction between ZnO and ZCIS QDs that facilitates the electron transport process. In preliminary experiments, we varied the amount of ZCIS QDs

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• a diffusion barrier against humidity, chemicals and gases during further processing. In addition, it has to be deposited using a process with minimal influence on graphene, e.g., high-temperature or plasma-CVD processes are to avoided. Encapsulation with exfoliated single-crystalline h-BN layers

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• volume, are energetically metastable and can dewet or agglomerate into particles when exposed to a high temperature. Substrates with periodic topography can be used to direct or control the dewetting process to form ordered arrays of nanoparticles governed by the topographic features of the underlying

• resonances at 780 and 1020 cm−1 increased. According to Peroz et al. [16], when the intensity ratio (τSiOH) at t min to 0 min is <0.3, the patterns are stable upon subsequent high-temperature annealing. Figure 2 indicates that this occurs after more than 30 min of annealing in our experiment. The resists

• of metallic thin films in a controllable manner. The imprinted topography on sol–gel silica successfully guided the solid-state dewetting process of noble metal films at high temperature without structural degradation. By providing a simple route to assemble nanoparticles on inexpensive large-area

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• , 36.14, 37.89, and 50.28° 2θ can be assigned to β-TCP phase (JCPDS 01-070-2065). β-TCP is normally synthesized at high temperature, although there are a few examples of β-TCP formation under milder conditions. For example, β-TCP can be synthesized at room temperature in methanol from CaHPO4 and ACP

• specific surface area and three-dimensional porous structures. In addition, osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis are affected by the size and shape of CP. Despite this interest, control of the formation of CP nanostructures with specific characteristics remains a challenge. Although dry methods and high

• temperature methods are able to produce highly crystalline CP, they also produce aggregated products of large crystal size and low phase purity [9][11]. Moreover, these processes cannot control the morphology and size of the CP generated. Similarly, although wet-chemistry methods can be used to control the

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• friendly, and exhibits an excellent redox activity [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The redox reaction of Fe2O3 with lithium is as follows: Various methods have been reported for the synthesis of Fe2O3. Cho et al. [19] reported the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 materials by a simple high-temperature processing

Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes

• Dmitrii I. Petukhov,
• Dmitrii A. Buldakov,
• Alexey A. Tishkin,
• Alexey V. Lukashin and
• Andrei A. Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60

• selective metal dissolution in 0.5 M CuCl2 (5 vol % HCl). Subsequently, the pore bottoms were opened by chemical etching in 25 wt % H3PO4 aqueous solution at 25 °C followed by electrochemical detection of the pore opening [28]. To increase on the first step membrane stability, high-temperature dehydration

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• previous studies demonstrated different characteristics in nanostructured materials. For instance, Charlot et al. [59] showed that the mechanical milling process applied before the self-propagating high-temperature syntheses (SHS) process markedly decreased the ignition temperature (≈100 °C) of the

• systems with a high heat release by intermetallic formation. SHS occurred at a high temperature and significantly elevated sample temperature after the reaction ignition in such systems [61][62]. In comparison, the enthalpy change and reaction temperature between Fe and Zn (or N) are relatively low, thus

Anodization-based process for the fabrication of all niobium nitride Josephson junction structures

• Massimiliano Lucci,
• Ivano Ottaviani,
• Matteo Cirillo,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Roberto Francini,
• Vittorio Merlo and
• Ivan Davoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 539–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.58

• highest critical temperature (15.5 K) is obtained when the N2 flux is 13 sccm and the dc power applied is 300 W. Unfortunately, high power on the target implies a high temperature on the substrate. Consequently, in order to deposit NbN films on a patterned mask, we must use a lower dc power, and find

• another concentration of N2. Because the high temperature induced on the substrate softens the photoresist and pollutes the NbN films. In Figure 4 the section of the 3D-plot of Figure 3 corresponding to a dc power of 200 W is shown. We can see more clearly that a N2 flux of 9 sccm gives NbN film with a Tc

• the junction area are not far from those reported by other groups for high-temperature deposition of the films and reactive etching for geometry definition. a) Glow-discharge peak intensity monitored in the region of 328–367 nm, an energy region in which we find both Nb and N2 peaks. In the inset the

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• obtain cobalt nanostructures of desired size and shape such as spherical nanoparticles [14][15] synthesized by high-temperature chemical reduction while controlling the pH value, cobalt–polymer composite tubes [16] formed by using alumina templates, cobalt cubes [17] produced in imidazolium ionic liquid

• strong magnetic dipolar interactions during the evaporation of 6 nm cobalt nanoparticles on oriented pyrolytic graphite [19]. Cobalt wires were obtained by the reduction of cobalt salt at high temperatures [20], and discs were produced by applying high temperature in a mixed surfactant system of oleic

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• reduction, affords a radical species, responsible for the functionalization of the graphitic surface [9]. A useful alternative to this approach is the reaction of azido derivative with CNMs: the high temperature required for the process decomposes the azido group to a reactive nitrene species that react

• solution at high temperature in microwave. The data obtained are reported in Table 1. From the data reported in Table 1 it is evident the higher reactivity of ox-MWCNTs 4 (entries 3, 5 and 7) respect to GPs 5 (entries 4, 6 and 8) as it was expected considering the different nature of the two substrates [34

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• result is in agreement with that previously reported in [12], where we demonstrated using high-resolution TEM imaging that the interplanar distance in the nanoparticle is compatible with a FeSi2 alloy. Such a composition corresponds to the most stable Fe–Si-based alloy at high temperature (≈10,000 K

• diameter. To this aim, the Si feedstock is introduced via an Ar carrier gas in the ICP reactor, where an Ar/H2 plasma is maintained at extremely high temperature (on the order of ≈10,000 K). The Si particles partially melt in-flight and, while being carried down in the first collector of the ICP machine

In-situ monitoring by Raman spectroscopy of the thermal doping of graphene and MoS₂ in O₂-controlled atmosphere

• Aurora Piazza,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gianpiero Buscarino,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Antonino La Magna,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Marco Cannas,
• Franco Mario Gelardi and
• Simonpietro Agnello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 418–424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.44

• atmosphere as can be deduced by the experiments carried out previously in similar systems [20]. Furthermore, on returning to room temperature we observed an increase of the I2D/IG ratio probably caused by the high temperature that could induce the deterioration of graphene. In fact, in a previous work [19

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• cellular uptake, calcium phosphate nanoparticles are dissolved in the acidified lysosomes and finally excreted in ionic form [28]. The high temperature requirement A (HtrA) family of serine proteases belongs to the core set of proteases found in cells and is widely conserved in single and multicellular

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• pm V−1 to 6.4 pm V−1. This leads to responses comparable to ZnO structures till now only obtained by RF magnetron sputtering [14] or after high temperature treatment (e.g., at 500 °C) [15]. Experimental Template preparation Boron-doped Si (100) wafers were cleaned first in Milli-Q water and then in

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• loss of 2.2% in ZrO2 (slightly hydrated) indicating the excellent stability of ZrO2 nanoparticles under high temperatures (50–700 °C), which could prove to be an important factor in high-temperature industrial catalytic applications. The addition of Pt into ZrO2 showed an improvement in thermal

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• room temperature to 400 K is a realistic range for device operation in circuits/systems, taking into account the heating effect they undergo due to inefficient heat dissipation. However, to date, only a limited number of papers have focused on the high temperature behavior of MoS2 transistors [8][9

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• energy, nanosecond laser pulse is focused on a Ti foil, a hot plasma plume forms on the metal surface. The plasma is characterized by high temperature and pressure (≈4700 °C and ≈107 Pa, respectively) [28]. The plume expansion is slowed down by the presence of liquid. As a consequence, inside the plasma

• , high temperature and pressure are maintained for several μs. Water dissociates and reacts with titanium atoms ejected from the target, realizing H–Ti–Ox. In addition, a cavitation bubble appears, expands, shrinks and collapses in the timescale of hundreds of μs. The collapse is a complex phenomenon

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• regions, which partially lose their initially heteroepitaxial relationship with the substrate. A postdeposition HF treatment for almost 70 s has nearly the same effect of long duration, high temperature annealing. The process presented herein could be beneficial to change the spectral response of

• very fast and bears similarities with the HF self-propelled motion of liquid droplets on solid surfaces [39]. The results are comparable to those obtained after high temperature and/or time consuming annealing procedures. Experimental Pretreatment of silicon substrate and metal deposition. The starting