Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• ) and iridium salt (hydrogen hexachloroiridate(IV) hydrate, H2IrCl6·xH2O, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were dissolved in 1-butanol (>99.5%, Carl Roth, Germany). The resulting 3 wt % precursor solutions were mixed 1:1 to produce the Pt50Ir50 coating solution. The targeted loading for the catalyst was 2 mg·cm

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• , respectively [64]. Whereas the amide A mode is assigned to an intermolecular hydrogen-bonded NH stretching vibration, the amide B band is due to the "free" NH stretching vibration and amide II to the NH bending motion of the peptide bond. Schultz et al. demonstrated a correlation between the amide I band (C=O

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• bind towards calcite with their hydroxy group placed in between a surface calcium ion and a surface carbonate: The oxygen of the hydroxy group binds towards a calcium ion, while the hydrogen of the hydroxy group binds towards a carbonate group, which is similar to the bonding configuration of an

• ethanol molecules throughout the production run of the simulation. In the graphs in Figure 2b and 2d, the atomic number density profiles for ethanol–carbon, hydroxy–oxygen and hydroxy–hydrogen atoms averaged from the data presented in the slice are shown. The density maxima for the hydroxy atoms directly

• above the surface (at small z) indicate that the hydroxy group is oriented with the hydrogen towards the surface. The two distinguishable peaks for the carbon atoms following at larger distance from the surface show that the hydrocarbon chains of the molecules are all aligned perpendicular to the

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• paracellular pathway of hydrophilic molecules. Therefore, most molecules have to go through the transcellular pathway to cross the BBB. However, only small lipophilic molecules, with a molecular weight lower than 400 Da and less than eight hydrogen bonds, or small gas molecules (such as CO2 or O2) can freely

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• group of Prof. Fan, Co3O4/CTF1-700-1:1 has been studied as ORR catalyst and showed a half-wave potential of 0.84 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) [20]. Kamiya et. al. synthesized a Pt-atom-modified CTF hybridized with conductive carbon nanoparticles and used it as an ORR catalyst [36]. The

• potential sweeps between 1.23 and 1.53 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at a 100 mV/s sweep rate for 2000 cycles. The ORR measurements were carried out in 1 mol/L O2-saturated KOH solution under O2 flow using the glassy-carbon RDE at a rotation rate of 1600 rpm with a 10 mV/s sweep rate. The ADTs

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• conditions under thermodynamic equilibrium [113]. This work seemed to rule out previous assignments given to the first SPE in h-BN and rather identify interstitials or their complexes as more possible centers. By simulating substitutional carbon and oxygen, interstitial hydrogen and boron vacancy–hydrogen

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• hydrogen- and oxygen-termination, as well as chemical aging of the diamond surface can lead to significant variations in surface energy [63]. Furthermore, a loss of hydrogen termination of the diamond surface could result in CHx defects [64][65] as well C–C dimer surface reconstruction [66]. Therefore, a

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• detail previously. Contrary to most EM experiments with thin metallic films on insulating substrates, the Ag/Si(100) system is unique in the sense that the first Ag layer wets the hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surface [25]. This improves the thermal contact so that thermally assisted processes during EM

• was employed in order to obtain nanostructures of bow-tie shape that were 100 to 200 nm wide at the smallest constriction. After HF dip, in order to get a hydrogen-terminated surface, 1 nm of Ti served as wetting layer before we evaporated 5 nm of Ag onto the substrate at room temperature. Thirdly

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• to 96 ppm/°C. This decrease is mainly attributed to two factors. First, the CTE of SiO2 is only 0.54 ppm/°C [12]. The higher content of SiO2 nanoparticles with a low CTE, the greater the influence on the CTE of PDMS. Second, covalent bonds are formed between SiO2 nanoparticles and PDMS and hydrogen

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• change in slope, which could be due to the electrochemically reversible hydrogen intercalation, which was also seen in the voltammetry curves. The charge and discharge times were found to be 15 and 13 s at a current density of 1 A·g−1. Cycling stability is a key factor for the commercialization of

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• . Adsorption mechanism Understanding the adsorption mechanism is helpful to develop a competitive adsorption technology and to further improve the performance of an adsorbent. So far, several mechanisms [48], such as electrostatic [49][50], π–π [51][52][53][54], acid–base interactions [55][56], and hydrogen

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• interact with the proteins [22]. The affinity of a protein for a certain surface and the mode of interaction rise from the interplay of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bondings, and hydrophobic forces [32]. Both nanomaterials are negatively charged at physiological pH. However, SNPs exhibit a less

• groups/nm2 [31][32]. Both surfaces exhibit surface sites able to form hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic interaction with proteins. However, such tendency may be different since hydrogen bond formation obeys geometrical constraints due to the directional character of this bond. On the other hand, both silica

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• peptide capable of penetrating bacterial biofilms with abundant arginine residue. The hydrogen bonding between the MTU ligands on the surface of Au-MTU NCs and the arginine residues in protamine form a supramolecular host–guest complex, i.e., Au-MTU/Prot. The supramolecular host–guest interactions

• imaging [91]. Recently Duan et al. reported the synthesis of NIR-luminescent AuNCs capped with N-acetyl-ʟ-cysteine (NAC-CS) for long-time imaging [92]. The Au-NAC-CS NCs were insensitive to hydrogen peroxide and trypsin in contrast to Au NCs coated with BSA or other proteins, allowing for extended imaging

• surrounding media [94]. Nevertheless, hydrogen bonding has been utilized to achieve two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanocluster superstructures [95][96]. The NC assemblies have been used to encapsulate poorly water-soluble fluorinated drugs through nanoconfinement [97]. Chandra et al. recently

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• manipulate the shell permeability [4]. However, most of the work uses strong PEs such as polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as one of the polymers, and thus, in order to release the payload, a disturbance in the intermolecular forces (e.g., covalent binding, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions) guarding

• various forces, mostly electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, host–guest interactions and other interactions (e.g., hydrophobic and biospecific recognition) as shown in Figure 3. Electrostatic interactions The LbL assemblies were originally applied to both charged planar

• lead to the problem of fouling in biological systems and decreased efficiency. Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonding can be used with uncharged polymers for the capsule assembly to make it responsive towards stimuli relevant to physiological conditions. The working pH range of the capsule is based on the

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• 0.02% Tween 20 and 0.02% powdered milk for 90 min. The membrane was washed four times for 15 min with PBS containing 0.02% Tween 20. After that, the membrane was treated with a substrate mixture of 0.05% 3,3′-diaminobenzidine and 0.02% hydrogen peroxide in 0.15 M PBS until intense brown dots appeared

• well. After 30 min incubation, the wells were washed twice with 100 μL of PBS containing 0.02% Tween 20, and peroxidase activity was estimated by adding to each well 50 μL of a substrate mixture of 0.03% o-phenylenediamine and 0.02% hydrogen peroxide in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.5). The enzyme

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• ; functionalized graphene; H2O2 production; water treatment; Introduction Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is identified as one among the most important 100 chemicals in the world, and its applications extend from the pharmaceutical industry to water purification [1][2][3]. Today, a majority of the required H2O2 is

• preparation of H2O2 from oxygen and hydrogen, oxidation of alcohols [5], photocatalysis [6], and electrochemical processes such as the electro-Fenton process [7], microbial electrosynthesis [8], and proton exchange membrane (PEM) assisted synthesis [9]. Further, in situ generation of peroxide from dissolved

• cell reactor-based method can overcome this limitation; however, this method relies on expensive membranes to separate hydrogen and oxygen and to directly yield H2O2 from them [18]. Later, this method was modified by generating protons (H+) through water oxidation which eliminated the direct purging of

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (dilution 1:5000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at room temperature. The protein spots were visualized using tetramethyl benzidine/hydrogen peroxide (TMB/H2O2, Bio-Rad, USA) reagent. Membranes were stripped, reblocked, and re-incubated with the primary antibody

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• placed on magnetic stirrer. 1 molar (1.008 g) of cuttlefish bone powder was taken in a round bottom flask and 0.6 molar (0.795 g) of diammonium hydrogen phosphate was added dropwise using a burette. Then, the pH of the reaction was measured with a pH meter (Thermo Scientific, model-eco tester) and was

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• solutions of such surfactants increases nonlinearly with the solute concentration due to increasing polymer–solvent hydrogen bonding at low temperatures, which prevents the flow of solvent molecules in the solution and thus affects osmosis. This phenomenon is described by a modified polynomial van’t Hoff

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• by complementary or conventional Watson–Crick (WC) base pairing interactions (Figure 1). In WC base pairing interactions, adenine (A) and thymine (T) form a doubly hydrogen-bonded base pair (A=T), while guanine (G) and cytosine (C) form a triply hydrogen-bonded base pair (G≡C) [10]. The hydrogen

• bonding-mediated base pairing geometry is conditional on the conformation of the glycoside bonds and interactive hydrogen bonding sites. Apart from WC hydrogen bonding, unconventional hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and metal ion interactions play a significant role in the formation of noncanonical DNA

• architectures (Figure 1) [5]. The noncanonical hydrogen bonding interactions are responsible for the formation of a range of higher-ordered DNA structures. In particular, the double-stranded DNA duplex is a perfect nanoscale molecular architecture with a 2 nm thick rigid structure and a persistence length of ca

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• partitioned into lipid phases from the aqueous phase in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, a behavior of arginine often referred to as “arginine magic”. The guanidine group found on arginine has proven to form bidentate hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction with sulfate, phosphate and carboxylate

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• nitrogen content (20–25 atom %). To further improve the properties of the synthesized rGO sheets, hydrogen treatment has been carried out to reduce the oxygen functional groups. Cyclic voltammograms and charge–discharge experiments have been carried out to understand the supercapacitor behavior of rGO and

• hydrogen treated (H-rGO) samples. Keywords: nanosheets; nitrogenated reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO); reduced graphene oxide (rGO); supercapacitors; thermal decomposition; Introduction Graphene, the one atom thick two-dimensional material of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms has attracted much attention after

• and 600 °C as well. The corresponding XRD patterns, Raman spectra and SEM images are given in Figure S1 and Figure S2, respectively, in Supporting Information File 1. In order to understand the supercapacitor behavior of rGO and H-rGO (hydrogen-treated rGO) samples, we have carried out cyclic

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• counterpart. Here, the van der Waals gap between the organic layer and the inorganic slab is removed. The organic layers are connected with perovskite layers by strong hydrogen bonds in the 2D Dion–Jacobson (2DDJ) perovskite, which has a reasonably enhanced stability compared to the 2DRP perovskite. Guo et al

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• . The carbonization process of the carbon spheres involves the decomposition of the functional groups to gases such as CO2, H2O and CH4 [39]. Therefore, the carbon weight fraction of the elemental bulk composition increases constantly with higher reaction temperatures, whereas the hydrogen and oxygen

• of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon atoms due to gasification and the arrangement to turbostratic-type carbon after heat treatment, as described in more detail in our former publication [36]. The g-NCS samples of lower reaction temperatures (g-NCS-550 and g-NCS-700) are very similar to their NCS

• ) the ring current densities and (Figure 8c,f) the hydrogen peroxide yield. First of all, the data indicate that the carbon NCS-550 spheres are essentially inactive, while with higher nitriding temperatures the NCS samples are significantly more active. For the NCS-550 sample, this inactivity is at

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• %, puriss), sodium chloride (CAS: 7647-14-5, Sigma-Aldrich, puriss), sodium hydroxide (CAS: 1310-73-2, Reanal, puriss), borax (CAS: 1303-96-4, Hungaropharma, ≥99.5%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (CAS: 7558-79-4, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), trisodium phosphate (CAS: 10101-89-0, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), phosphate