Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• indicated. Keywords: all-solid-state microbatteries (ASB); conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM); Li-ion kinetics; secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); 3D thin-film batteries; Findings Conventional Li-ion battery technology is undergoing continuous improvements in order to fulfil the increasing

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• spectrophotometer. To study the kinetics of the pH-controlled dye release, dialysis of D@p(SRA-B) (3 mL, 0.27 mg/mL) in 50 mL of universal buffer solution (pH 3) was carried out using a dialysis bag with a pore size of 2000 Da. UV spectra of the dialysate were measured every 30 min over a time span of three hours

• . Glucose-controlled release of fluorescein from D@p(SRA-B) 0.3 mL of a glucose solution (4 mM) in water and 2.4 mL of distilled water were added to 0.3 mL of D@p(SRA-B) aqueous solution (2.7 mg/mL). The fluorescent spectra were recorded after 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 min. To study the kinetics of the glucose

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• an excitation light wavelength 405 nm was used. We have used a MicroTime 100 laser scanning microscope (PicoQuant, Germany) to study the kinetics of the luminescence decay of QDs. The semiconductor laser with a frequency of 10 MHz and pulse duration of ca. 80 ps at a wavelength of 409 nm was used in

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• behavior in photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. Gherbi et al. reported the visible-light-driven photoreduction of Cr(VI) over CuAl2O4/TiO2 [181] with 95% reduction after 3 h irradiation at pH 2. The photoreduction follows first order kinetics with a half-life of ≈1 h and a quantum yield of 0.11

• %. Photocatalytic reduction of chromate ions under sunlight over CuBi2O4/TiO2 has also been reported by Lahamar et al. A remarkable performance of 98% reduction is obtained in less than 4 h for a Cr(VI) concentration of 30 mg L−1 at pH ≈4 by using 1 g L−1 catalyst. The kinetics of chromate photoreduction is well

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• with the hydroxylated surface to form adsorbed ethoxysiloxanes [25][26]. TMB does not undergo the transition from physisorbed to predominantly chemisorbed reaction kinetics, because the surface bonding configuration and/or strength of the B–O bond does not allow for the activation of chemisorption in

• , 6.3 Pa precursor pressure, 2 keV electron energy, 32 electrons·Å−2·s−1 maximum electron flux) reveals that conventional descriptions of EBID deposition kinetics apply to these larger scales [27]. Therefore, recipes developed for nanoscale fabrication can be upscaled without the need for intensive

• between the alkoxide-based systems TMB and TEOS, and therefore lead to the conclusion that ligand chemistry does not precisely predict EBID reaction kinetics. For the first time large-area, directed deposition by EBID was realized under gaseous precursor conditions analogous to those used for nanoscale

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• reaction kinetics at the particle surface. Keywords: nanoparticle surface properties; nanoparticles; nanophotonic force microscopy; near-field light scattering; superparamagnetic iron oxide; Introduction Nanotechnology is an increasingly integral part of modern medicine, predominantly in the fields of

• studies of reaction kinetics at the particle surface that result in changes in particle size, dielectric constant, or surface chemistry, which is of particular interest in protein adsorption to nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Results and Discussion Size, morphology, and elemental analysis of

• technique is necessary to develop a more reliable technique. Although not studied in the present work, this technique holds promise for dynamic studies of reaction kinetics at the particle surface that result in changes in particle size, dielectric constant, or surface chemistry, which is of particular

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• have investigated how to inhibit or remove carbon formation at the early stages. It is believed that the development of a coke-resistant catalyst may lie in a detailed understanding of catalytic processes and kinetic studies. The reaction kinetics in the DRM depends on the type of catalysts and the

• involvement of reactants in the reaction. Even though the type of catalyst, the nature of the support and the reaction temperature range affect the reaction kinetics in DRM, there is still no available universal expression for the reaction kinetics in this process. Many studies have been carried out

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• the defect causes not only the delamination of the titania film from FTO, but also the slowdown of charge transfer kinetics (accompanied by a strong increase in ΔEpp). The barrier properties after post calcination were fairly good for the 0.05 M TAA precursor and the largest layer thickness (200 SCs

Non-equilibrium electron transport induced by terahertz radiation in the topological and trivial phases of Hg_1−xCd_xTe

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Alexey I. Artamkin,
• Alexey S. Kazakov,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Sergey A. Dvoretskiy,
• Nikolay N. Mikhailov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1035–1039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.96

• estimated using the empirical relations [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Photoconductivity kinetics has been studied under 90, 148, 280, and 496 µm wavelength pulse laser radiation at the temperature 4.2 K. The measurements have been done in the Hall bar geometry using the 4-probe method. The incident radiation

• ]. The experimental details can be found elsewhere [23][24][25][26][27]. The photoconductivity kinetics Δσ/σ0 for the samples with x = 0.13 (the upper panel) and x = 0.17 (the lower panel) is shown in the Figure 1. Here Δσ is the change in conductivity under pulse irradiation, σ0 is the conductivity

• value before the laser pulse. The data for the structures with x = 0.13 and x = 0.15 (inverted band structure) are quite similar, therefore only data for the sample with x = 0.13 are presented in the Figure 1. The observed kinetics are rather complicated and can be described by several superimposed

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• 7 was complete in 48 h using 4.6 μg of trypsin. In both cases, the kinetics was found to be first order with respect to the substrate. Since the aim of our work was mainly to check the compatibility of the nanoparticles with the enzymatic reaction, the more available trypsin was used in the

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• transferred graphene on Cu in Figure 2, where one can notice a similar behavior up to a certain constant. A considerable similarity of the peak position downshift indicates analogous kinetics of adsorbate removal from graphene surface. However, a different intercept leads to a 13–15 cm−1 distance between the

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• , visible and sunlight). To demonstrate the photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared catalysts more precisely, the kinetics of the photodegradation of RhB aqueous solutions was studied by fitting the obtained degradation results to a pseudo-first-order reaction model [54][55] and modified Freundlich

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• other hand, the presence of glucose acting as reducing agent promotes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles [25]. The addition of ammonia can change the kinetics of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles improving oxidation of hydroxy groups in glucose, and giving rise to an accelerated reduction of

• highlighted. The ammonia, added to the colloidal solutions, has the capability to control and stabilize the nanoparticles. We also observe that the kinetics of nucleation and synthesis depends on the concentration of ammonia present in the colloidal solution. The addition of ammonia changed the kinetics of

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• of the experiments (black arrow, Figure 7a and 7b). This is quite different from the situation in the absence of water, where no tubules were found so early (see Figure 1a). This indicates an increased growth kinetics in the presence of water. A plot of the average height of the tubular structures

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• pristine and Nd-modified TiO2 were investigated using the photocatalytic degradations of phenol in aqueous solution and of gaseous toluene. Kinetics and degradation rate of model pollutants are presented in Figure 7 and Table 4. The photodegradation of phenol was performed in aqueous solution under UV–vis

• stripping process). Samples of 0.5 mL reaction mixture were collected after regular time periods during irradiation and filtered through syringe filters (diameter 0.2 μm) to remove the suspended photocatalyst particles. Kinetics of phenol degradation were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• kinetics for the degradation of Rh B and Congo red, respectively. The photocatalytic behaviour of ZnFe2O4 was systematically studied as a function of the activation temperature. ZnFe2O4 prepared at 500 °C showed the highest activity in degrading Rh B and Congo red. The highest activity of ZnFe2O4-500 °C

• degradation process [34]. Kinetics of the decolourization of Congo red The kinetics involved in the decolourization of Congo red are shown in Figure 10e. The data obtained from the experiment was fitted with the model for first-order reactions, i.e., ln C0/C = kt) and the fitted parameters are given in Table

• presented in Figure 12a. Figure 12b shows the absorption spectrum of the Rh B solution containing ZFO-500 as function of the time. The obtained resulted data indicates that decolourization process follows zero-order kinetics (Figure 12c) and the derived parameters are listed in Table 2. The zero-order rate

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• Figure 5. The proposed mechanism may significantly influence the kinetics of pyrolytic graphite intercalation. Since molecules and ions diffuse through the system of pre-existing defects, the intercalation process can be reversible. The experimental data obtained in [20] by Raman spectroscopy proved that

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• photocatalysis [37]. Therefore, we studied the kinetics of adsorption for the MO and RhB dyes (Figure 7, Figure 8) first. All the samples under study reach adsorption equilibria in about 30 minutes. Adsorption rate for the cationic RhB is significantly higher than that for the anionic MO due to electrostatic

• 800 °C, one observes a decrease in adsorption abilities of the samples of pillared materials for both dyes, and for the samples obtained using hydrothermal treatment this decrease is faster, which correlates with the results of studying textural characteristics (Table 5). In order to describe kinetics

• values indicate the applicability of kinetic models of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order to describe the adsorption kinetics for MO and RhB on TiO2-pillaed MM. Preference should be given to the pseudo-first order kinetic model, which indicates that adsorption is preceded by diffusion. The process of

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• and electrochemical performance tests demonstrated that MoO2–CNFs did not only act as polysulfide reservoirs to alleviate the shuttle effect, but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics during the charge–discharge processes. The effect of MoO2–CNF heat treatment on the cycle performance of

• /sulfide materials have low electrical conductivity, which makes the chemically adsorbing polysulfides difficult to be reduced directly on the matrix surface, resulting in the lower reutilization of the active sulfur material. In order to improve the kinetics of the electrode redox reaction, the electrical

• interesting point to note is that the highest current density of the S/MoO2–CNF cathodes with MoO2–CNF calcined at 850 °C indicates enhanced reaction kinetics in the charge–discharge process. Furthermore, from Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, the coin cell of sulfur/MoO2–CNF (850 °C) also showed the

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• /Ag HNMs obtained via CVD and UV decomposition of AgNO3. Both samples demonstrated a sustained ion release over 14 days and similar ion release kinetics. During the first 3 h, approximately 25 ppb of Ag+ ions were released, after this, the Ag+ ion leaching gradually slowed down. The average rate of Ag

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

• Alexey D. Bolshakov,
• Alexey M. Mozharov,
• Georgiy A. Sapunov,
• Igor V. Shtrom,
• Nickolay V. Sibirev,
• Vladimir V. Fedorov,
• Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
• Maria Tchernycheva,
• George E. Cirlin and
• Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

• , formation process and doping of GaN NWs on Si(111) substrates have been extensively studied during the last decade [24][25][26]. It has been experimentally demonstrated that Si and Mg doping (materials typically used to obtain n- and p-type conductivity) strongly affects the growth kinetics and thus the NW

• nucleation and growth of NWs is played by growth species diffusion. We could thus conclude that Ga adatom kinetics on the substrate strongly depend on the surface layer chemistry and can be altered by the annealing procedure. We have also considered the volume of incorporated material in our experimental

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• between contributions of thermal chemistry, direct chemistry between water and the deposit, and electron-induced reactions that all contribute to the purification process. We discuss reaction kinetics for the main volatile products CO and CH4 to obtain mechanistic information. The results provide novel

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• and density profile of 35 nm thick Ag layers seeded with 2 nm thick Ge films with and without temperature treatment. To investigate the kinetics of the segregation process, we perform time-dependent transmission and ellipsometry measurements for Ag samples deposited on Ge films with thicknesses

• kinetics of the segregation process. The first week after the deposition is a quasi-stable period, at which the evolution of dispersion is very weak. In the second stage, which lasts from the 7th up to the 30th day, the dispersion is strongly influenced by the segregation process, which typically completes

• within this period. After a month, aging effects appear – the samples start to roughen and corrode, which results in increased transmission. By applying temperature treatment to the sample at various stages of its evolution, the density slope of the silver layer (and thus the segregation kinetics) can be

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• and coenzyme regeneration. Microreactors for artificial photosynthesis An optofluidic microreactor is a versatile platform for combining new materials and characterizing their reaction kinetics without expensive bulky setups. Recent developments in optofluidics has allowed for the advancement of APS

• chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometer. As demonstrated by our group in a work on microfluidic water purification [99], on-chip detection would make it convenient to monitor the reaction process in real time, to probe the intermediate reactions/productions and to study the reaction kinetics. In

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• showed that the photodegradation process of oxytetracycline nearly complied with the first-order kinetics, and the corresponding reaction rate constants (Ka) with M0, M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 as catalysts were 0.0058, 0.0269, 0.02832, 0.01531, 0.01115, 0.006 min−1, respectively. The value of Ka for M2 was