Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• increases the resistance of the sensor. The sensing performances of MOS sensors are heavily affected by the working temperature, because the working temperature influences the kinetics, conductivity and electron mobility of MOS [30][31]. Since sufficient thermal energy is required to overcome the potential

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• sputtering yield of the target, which affects the kinetics of the surface processes on the substrate. The influence of the thickness of the i-GaAs barrier layer (ST#2 samples) on the photoluminescence properties of the InAs/GaAs heterostructures is shown in Figure 2. It is seen that a decrease in the i-GaAs

• of this. Bi has a large atomic size, so it creates elastic strain in the GaAs lattice and thus influences the QD self-organization. Consequently, using Bi as a surfactant on the GaAs growth surface changes the kinetics of In surface diffusion during ion-beam deposition. Unchanged is the circumstance

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• ablation have also gained increasing importance in the last decade [60]. Rhodium nanoparticles can be prepared by reduction in the presence of suitable capping agents. The manipulation of the reaction kinetics by variation of synthesis parameters such as temperature and concentration leads to nanoparticles

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• = 0.5 h, the transients revealed that in fact Eonset starts below 0.05 V/RHE, while for longer ta, Eonset shifts to higher values (Figure S1d, Supporting Information File 1). This observation has been associated with electron mobility and charge separation kinetics [63]. As the electrode is illuminated

• . In Figure 9b, the relative concentration of MB is presented and the results show that the oxidation proceeds at a low rate for the first 20 min. After this, a marked change in reaction rate is observed indicating a change in the reaction kinetics. The first stage is associated with an adsorption

• that the PCA was assessed in a continuous-flow regime, while the PEC experiments were not. This would suggest that once the MB has saturated the surface of the electrode (nearly 20 min after the experiment started), the real kinetics of the reaction were observed. At this point, the oxidation of MB on

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• potential region of 0.2–0.4 V vs RHE as described below in detail. It is fundamental to optimise the thickness of the Co3O4 film. In order to improve light absorption, a thicker film is better. However, the Co3O4 film has a short carrier diffusion length due to the slow electron extraction kinetics

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• of Si anodes, the SEI formation is an ongoing process because of the recurring breakage of the already formed SEI and exposure of fresh Si to the electrolyte. Consequently, a very thick SEI may form after several cycles, affecting the reaction kinetics detrimentally. All these aforementioned factors

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• , and larger surface-to-volume ratio [34]. The large surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanofibers (NFs), hollow nanofibers (HNFs), nanotubes (NTs) and nanowires (NWs) with micro/mesoporous surfaces results in improved adsorption and better reaction kinetics of gas-sensitive materials. Nanofibers can be

• and/or calcination temperature [130]. The most effective approach to improve the gas sensing response of pure MOx 1D nanostructures is by functionalizing with different catalytic metals, MOx or noble metals [11][146]. Doping changes the reaction kinetics and electronic characteristics as well as the

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• to a more reducing potential of −0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl) during deposition, to efficiently extract the photogenerated charges from the Si nanostructures into the electrolyte and enhance the kinetics of the reaction. The flat-band potential of TiO2 at pH 11 is above the conduction band edge of p-type

• ratio between illumination and dark conditions (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). Even more negative potentials than −0.8 V could be used here, but it was not necessary since the kinetics of the reaction were fast enough to drive the photo-electrodeposition in a few seconds. Typically, the

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• . Cytotoxicity studies were performed by using MTT assay, methylene-blue staining and SEM fixation and showed very good cell adhesion and proliferation, indicating the cytocompatibility of these fibrous scaffolds. Drug-release kinetics was measured for the evaluation of a controllable and sustained release of

• is created [23]. Grounded aluminum foils, glass substrates and also coatings for orthopaedic pins were used as collectors to carry out the necessary studies. Drug-release kinetics and degradation study of scaffolds Degradation study was carried out in order to evaluate the mass loss of polymer and

• study was examined in both pure CA and drug-loaded CA scaffolds over a period of 150 days to determine how the degradation rate is affected by the presence of the drug. Finally, release kinetics of drug-loaded CA electrospun scaffolds was measured. Degradation study: First, the electrospun samples were

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• permeation. In the extreme case, when the nanopore rim contains only nitrogen atoms, water agglomerates at the center of the nanopore and effectively closes down the permeation path. The conclusions are confirmed by the analysis of stability and kinetics of hydrogen bonds. Keywords: graphene membrane

Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

• Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
• Benjamin Grévin and
• Łukasz Borowik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

• photo-carrier lifetime values extracted from the raw data were 0.51 ms and 1.1 ms, respectively. In the work of Shao and co-workers, a stretched exponential function was used in the fit procedure to describe the dispersive kinetics nature of the SPV decay where the lifetime changes with time. In the

• microscopy data should be analyzed using stretched exponentials with a certain stretching exponent to describe the dispersive kinetics where the lifetime changes with time, or rather use an exponential function that accounts for a non-zero surface photovoltage built-up time. While there is no short answer to

• this question, here we highlight that when using stretched exponentials in order to take into account the dispersive kinetics present in the sample, the stretch exponents lie between 0 and 1 [18][19][20][21]. However, in [4] the stretching exponent that best fits the results is greater than 1. This

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• decreasing porosity at a relatively lower carbonization temperature (Figure 1c–e and Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). The kinetics and isotherm models for the adsorption of RhB were investigated systematically. Figure 8A displays the adsorption capacity of the NPLs-2.5-800 sample at different

• a low initial RhB concentration (Figure 8A, parts (b) and (c)), indicating a quite fast adsorption rate (17.21 mg/g·min) is achieved. Adsorption behavior of RhB onto the NPLs-2.5-800 adsorbent is in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model (Figure S7 and Table S4 in Supporting

• ; parameters of adsorption isotherms and kinetics for removal of RhB by NPLs-2.5-800 sample; nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and the corresponding pore size distributions for sample NPLs-2.5-800 before and after 5 cycles; comparison of adsorption capacity of various adsorbents for RhB dye removal

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• and structural materials. In a 1962 publication, theoretical justification was given for the use of low (negative) temperatures for studying the mechanisms behind chemical processes and the peculiarities of reaction kinetics in the low-temperature region in order to improve the synthesis of ultra

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• the particle shape became irregular. These phenomena can be explained by not only the solubility of TBOT and the surfactant, but also by the nucleation-growth kinetics of TBOT in different solvent conditions. It is well-known that acetonitrile is more hydrophobic than ethanol [14]. As the relative ACN

• hydrolyzed TiO2 species. Thus, the deposition kinetics of the hydrolyzed TiO2 species was controlled and the growth of the TiO2 particles preferentially occurred by the deposition of the hydrolyzed TiO2 species once the TiO2 nucleates were formed, which resulted in the formation of large TiO2 particles with

• dissolved HPC molecules not only tuned the stability of the TBOT molecules and their hydrolysates but also controlled deposition kinetics. The HPC molecules should also be positioned on the surface of the nucleated TiO2 particles, which resulted in the controlled deposition rate of the TBOT molecules and

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• indicated. Keywords: all-solid-state microbatteries (ASB); conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM); Li-ion kinetics; secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); 3D thin-film batteries; Findings Conventional Li-ion battery technology is undergoing continuous improvements in order to fulfil the increasing

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• spectrophotometer. To study the kinetics of the pH-controlled dye release, dialysis of D@p(SRA-B) (3 mL, 0.27 mg/mL) in 50 mL of universal buffer solution (pH 3) was carried out using a dialysis bag with a pore size of 2000 Da. UV spectra of the dialysate were measured every 30 min over a time span of three hours

• . Glucose-controlled release of fluorescein from D@p(SRA-B) 0.3 mL of a glucose solution (4 mM) in water and 2.4 mL of distilled water were added to 0.3 mL of D@p(SRA-B) aqueous solution (2.7 mg/mL). The fluorescent spectra were recorded after 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 min. To study the kinetics of the glucose

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• an excitation light wavelength 405 nm was used. We have used a MicroTime 100 laser scanning microscope (PicoQuant, Germany) to study the kinetics of the luminescence decay of QDs. The semiconductor laser with a frequency of 10 MHz and pulse duration of ca. 80 ps at a wavelength of 409 nm was used in

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• behavior in photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. Gherbi et al. reported the visible-light-driven photoreduction of Cr(VI) over CuAl2O4/TiO2 [181] with 95% reduction after 3 h irradiation at pH 2. The photoreduction follows first order kinetics with a half-life of ≈1 h and a quantum yield of 0.11

• %. Photocatalytic reduction of chromate ions under sunlight over CuBi2O4/TiO2 has also been reported by Lahamar et al. A remarkable performance of 98% reduction is obtained in less than 4 h for a Cr(VI) concentration of 30 mg L−1 at pH ≈4 by using 1 g L−1 catalyst. The kinetics of chromate photoreduction is well

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• with the hydroxylated surface to form adsorbed ethoxysiloxanes [25][26]. TMB does not undergo the transition from physisorbed to predominantly chemisorbed reaction kinetics, because the surface bonding configuration and/or strength of the B–O bond does not allow for the activation of chemisorption in

• , 6.3 Pa precursor pressure, 2 keV electron energy, 32 electrons·Å−2·s−1 maximum electron flux) reveals that conventional descriptions of EBID deposition kinetics apply to these larger scales [27]. Therefore, recipes developed for nanoscale fabrication can be upscaled without the need for intensive

• between the alkoxide-based systems TMB and TEOS, and therefore lead to the conclusion that ligand chemistry does not precisely predict EBID reaction kinetics. For the first time large-area, directed deposition by EBID was realized under gaseous precursor conditions analogous to those used for nanoscale

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• reaction kinetics at the particle surface. Keywords: nanoparticle surface properties; nanoparticles; nanophotonic force microscopy; near-field light scattering; superparamagnetic iron oxide; Introduction Nanotechnology is an increasingly integral part of modern medicine, predominantly in the fields of

• studies of reaction kinetics at the particle surface that result in changes in particle size, dielectric constant, or surface chemistry, which is of particular interest in protein adsorption to nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Results and Discussion Size, morphology, and elemental analysis of

• technique is necessary to develop a more reliable technique. Although not studied in the present work, this technique holds promise for dynamic studies of reaction kinetics at the particle surface that result in changes in particle size, dielectric constant, or surface chemistry, which is of particular

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• have investigated how to inhibit or remove carbon formation at the early stages. It is believed that the development of a coke-resistant catalyst may lie in a detailed understanding of catalytic processes and kinetic studies. The reaction kinetics in the DRM depends on the type of catalysts and the

• involvement of reactants in the reaction. Even though the type of catalyst, the nature of the support and the reaction temperature range affect the reaction kinetics in DRM, there is still no available universal expression for the reaction kinetics in this process. Many studies have been carried out

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• the defect causes not only the delamination of the titania film from FTO, but also the slowdown of charge transfer kinetics (accompanied by a strong increase in ΔEpp). The barrier properties after post calcination were fairly good for the 0.05 M TAA precursor and the largest layer thickness (200 SCs

Non-equilibrium electron transport induced by terahertz radiation in the topological and trivial phases of Hg_1−xCd_xTe

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Alexey I. Artamkin,
• Alexey S. Kazakov,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Sergey A. Dvoretskiy,
• Nikolay N. Mikhailov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1035–1039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.96

• estimated using the empirical relations [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Photoconductivity kinetics has been studied under 90, 148, 280, and 496 µm wavelength pulse laser radiation at the temperature 4.2 K. The measurements have been done in the Hall bar geometry using the 4-probe method. The incident radiation

• ]. The experimental details can be found elsewhere [23][24][25][26][27]. The photoconductivity kinetics Δσ/σ0 for the samples with x = 0.13 (the upper panel) and x = 0.17 (the lower panel) is shown in the Figure 1. Here Δσ is the change in conductivity under pulse irradiation, σ0 is the conductivity

• value before the laser pulse. The data for the structures with x = 0.13 and x = 0.15 (inverted band structure) are quite similar, therefore only data for the sample with x = 0.13 are presented in the Figure 1. The observed kinetics are rather complicated and can be described by several superimposed

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• 7 was complete in 48 h using 4.6 μg of trypsin. In both cases, the kinetics was found to be first order with respect to the substrate. Since the aim of our work was mainly to check the compatibility of the nanoparticles with the enzymatic reaction, the more available trypsin was used in the

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• transferred graphene on Cu in Figure 2, where one can notice a similar behavior up to a certain constant. A considerable similarity of the peak position downshift indicates analogous kinetics of adsorbate removal from graphene surface. However, a different intercept leads to a 13–15 cm−1 distance between the