Exploring the retention properties of CaF₂ nanoparticles as possible additives for dental care application with tapping-mode atomic force microscope in liquid

• Matthias Wasem,
• Joachim Köser,
• Sylvia Hess,
• Enrico Gnecco and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 36–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.4

• studies have related the phase contrast, when measuring in liquid in which low Q-factors are found, to two origins: the excitation of higher eigenmodes and the energy dissipation on the sample surface [8][9]. In this work we show that for surface associated manipulation of nanoparticles in liquid, the

• mica and on tooth enamel in liquid. Manipulation experiments of nanoparticles are routinely done by using the AFM in the contact mode [10][11][12]. However some studies have been reported, in which a controlled manipulation of nanoparticles in tapping mode AFM was performed. Sitti et al. used a

• manipulation, i.e., the collision between the probing tip and the particle, the friction between the particles and the substrate, the role of water when measuring in ambient (lubrication, capillary effects, etc.), electrostatics between them, etc. The high surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles makes them

Structural development and energy dissipation in simulated silicon apices

• Samuel Paul Jarvis,
• Lev Kantorovich and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 941–948, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.106

• stability of silicon tip apices by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that some tip structures - modelled as small, simple clusters - show variations in stability during manipulation dependent on their orientation with respect to the sample surface. Moreover, we observe that

• chemical interactions at the single atom level has driven considerable progress in NC-AFM over the past decade. Through understanding the interactions between the AFM tip and sample surface, the chemical interactions present in AFM images [1][2][3][4][5], manipulation experiments [6][7][8][9][10], and

• comparison with either the COFI method or DFT calculations, however, is usually required to obtain the same level of confidence. Semiconductors with covalent bonds remain one of the most promising systems for the advancement of atom-by-atom manipulation strategies in multiple dimensions and at room

STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces

• Amir A. Ahmad Zebari,
• Marek Kolmer and
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.104

• are a plausible source of molecules for the newly formed top-most layer. The edges observed on the scans are quite often fuzzy and change their shape during the manipulation (Figure 2). Moreover, after the adlayer formation the island considerably decreased its lateral dimension (Figure 2i). In both

Size-dependent characteristics of electrostatically actuated fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes based on modified couple stress theory

• Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi,
• Abbas Rastgoo and
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 771–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.88

• to study the manipulation of CNTs by using electrostatic actuation and vdW interactions. The results revealed that the vdW force played an important role in the deflection and pull-in behaviors of the CNTs. In electrostatic actuation, a voltage is applied to two electrodes with a gap in-between. In

Controlling the near-field excitation of nano-antennas with phase-change materials

• Tsung Sheng Kao,
• Yi Guo Chen and
• Ming Hui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 632–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.70

• sophisticated manipulation of the incident light beams. Moreover, it is usually impossible to excite a single desired mode of the nanostructure and subsequently create a nanoscale energy hot-spot which may only exist in a small field of view. Here we demonstrate a novel approach in which the constituent

3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

• Gediminas Seniutinas,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Gediminas Gervinskas,
• Etienne Brasselet and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

Continuous parallel ESI-MS analysis of reactions carried out in a bespoke 3D printed device

• Jennifer S. Mathieson,
• Mali H. Rosnes,
• Victor Sans,
• Philip J. Kitson and
• Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 285–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.31

• manipulation of reaction environment results in strict control of the final device and the subsequent reactions carried out. We have previously demonstrated the versatility and configurability of reusable and bespoke reactionware, in which a 3D-printed “reactionware” matrix, with the reagents printed directly

High-resolution dynamic atomic force microscopy in liquids with different feedback architectures

• John Melcher,
• David Martínez-Martín,
• Miriam Jaafar,
• Julio Gómez-Herrero and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 153–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.15

• their independent manipulation of amplitude and phase lag. When equilibrium deflection x* is monostable, coexisting of stable oscillation states, a* and are eliminated by the integral regulators, while the stability and transient settling time can be controlled completely by the proportional

Controlled deposition and combing of DNA across lithographically defined patterns on silicon

• Zeinab Esmail Nazari and
• Leonid Gurevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 72–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.8

• ] will not come true unless techniques for the manipulation of DNA are optimized for silicon substrates. This inspired us to develop a more “silicon-technology-friendly” variation of a combing method that involves the use of modified silicon substrates and lithographic methods. In this procedure, silicon

Effect of normal load and roughness on the nanoscale friction coefficient in the elastic and plastic contact regime

• Aditya Kumar,
• Thorsten Staedler and
• Xin Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 66–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.7

• tribological processes is fundamental to many basic and applied problems, such as wetting, capillarity, adhesion, lubrication, sealing, hardness, micro/nanoindentation, atomic-scale probing, surface modification and manipulation [1][2][3]. The contact of two bodies may be defined by the influential parameters

Plasmonic oligomers in cylindrical vector light beams

• Mario Hentschel,
• Jens Dorfmüller,
• Harald Giessen,
• Sebastian Jäger,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Kai Braun,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 57–65, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.6

• can be utilized in order to fabricate the structures. Nearly every manipulation in the design of the cluster can be easily implemented. Figure 5b depicts a collection of SEM micrographs that demonstrate our ability to create nearly every arrangement imaginable [22][23][24][25][26]. The optical near

Calculation of the effect of tip geometry on noncontact atomic force microscopy using a qPlus sensor

• Julian Stirling and
• Gordon A. Shaw

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 10–19, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.2

• structure of the tip apex [2], many experiments have demonstrated the ability of qPlus atomic force microscopy (AFM) to produce unprecedented imaging resolution. Other qPlus studies have measured both the forces necessary to perform atomically precise manipulation [3][4][5], and the strength of both atomic

Characterization of the mechanical properties of qPlus sensors

• Jan Berger,
• Martin Švec,
• Martin Müller,
• Martin Ledinský,
• Antonín Fejfar,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Zsolt Majzik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.1

• , including biology, chemistry and physics. In particular, noncontact atomic force microscopy [3] (nc-AFM) has developed into a powerful technique for imaging with true atomic resolution [4][5], chemical sensitivity [6][7][8] or for performing single atom manipulation [9][10][11] on all types of surfaces

Structural and electronic properties of oligo- and polythiophenes modified by substituents

• Simon P. Rittmeyer and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 909–919, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.101

• electronic structure of polymers is crucial. In this regard, a directed manipulation of the band gap to tailor the electronic properties is very desirable. Considering the significant potential of organic chemistry at synthesizing and manipulating compounds, there is definitely a demand for a better

• [46], but also significantly reduced direct band gaps for other cyclic substituents. This suggests that it is possible to both increase and decrease the band gap with the choice of a suitable annulated substituent. Hence, annulated systems may be promising candidates for the manipulation of the band

• electronic structure The electrical conductivity of a large class of polymers, in particular of polythiophene, can be highly increased when they are doped. The doping process itself corresponds basically to a manipulation of the number of valence electrons of the polymers, often in an electrochemical

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques

• Thilo Glatzel,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Udo D. Schwarz and
• Ricardo Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 893–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.99

• resolution limit to the picometer range, the invention of the AFM triggered the development of a growing number of new scanning probe methods and approaches, ranging from an expansion of the properties that can be mapped to the active manipulation of surfaces and small particles. Practically every month

Highly ordered ultralong magnetic nanowires wrapped in stacked graphene layers

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Jean-Luc Duvail,
• Eric Gautron,
• Wei Xu,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Agnès Granier and
• Pierre-Yves Tessier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 846–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.95

• template methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], ferromagnetic nanowires still suffer from their relatively short length, which cannot reach up to the macroscopic scale. In addition, the manipulation of such one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures is often considered as a complicated process and a

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

• applications in liquids requiring controlled manipulation and targeting. On the macroscale, nanoparticles in solids and liquids have been shown to reduce friction and wear. On the nanoscale, atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have been performed in single- and multiple-nanoparticle contact, in dry

• ; nanomanipulation; Introduction Nano-objects are continually studied in tribological applications and increasingly in other applications that require controlled manipulation and targeting in liquid environments. The need for suitable forms of lubrication for micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and the

• needed become high, which can hinder device operation and reliability [2]. The choice of a suitable lubricant on these scales becomes crucial. Nano-objects are also used for applications that require controlled manipulation and targeting mechanisms in biomedicine and the oil industry. Applications

Large-scale analysis of high-speed atomic force microscopy data sets using adaptive image processing

• Blake W. Erickson,
• Séverine Coquoz,
• Jonathan D. Adams,
• Daniel J. Burns and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 747–758, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.84

• iterative process is used to perform a single line-by-line offset correction, followed by a single 2-D polynomial-background removal step. This order of operations ensures that a minimal amount of manipulation is performed on the raw data to generate the final output. During the iterative background

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• Plads, Building 345E, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark 10.3762/bjnano.3.69 Abstract Motivated by the recent achievements in the manipulation of C60 molecules in STM experiments, we study theoretically the structure and electronic properties of a C60 molecule in an STM tunneljunction with a magnetic tip

• previously been employed in manipulation experiments [5][6][7]. We imagine that magnetic atoms are deposited on the Cu surface prior to deposition [27] of the C60 molecules, and that the tip-electrode is prepared prior to the contact by either indenting a Cu tip into a cluster of these atoms in order to

Combining nanoscale manipulation with macroscale relocation of single quantum dots

• Francesca Paola Quacquarelli,
• Richard A. J. Woolley,
• Martin Humphry,
• Jasbiner Chauhan,
• Philip J. Moriarty and
• Ashley Cadby

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 324–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.36

• registration template such that the location of a given nanoparticle on a macroscopic (≈1 cm2) sample surface can be repeatedly revisited. The atomically flat sapphire substrate we use is particularly suited to optical measurements of the isolated quantum dots, enabling combined manipulation–spectroscopy

• experiments on a single particle. Automated nanoparticle manipulation and imaging routines have been developed so as to facilitate the rapid assembly of specific nanoparticle arrangements. Keywords: automation; nanoscale manipulation; nanotechnology; quantum dots; single molecule spectroscopy; Introduction

• (PlasmaChem [16]), coated with hydrophobic organic molecules (TOPO and HDA [16]) and with a maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm. To prepare a sample suitable for manipulation experiments, the nanocrystals were dispersed in HPLC-grade toluene and the concentration varied until a QD number density of ≈10 QD

Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM

• Fabien Castanié,
• Laurent Nony,
• Sébastien Gauthier and
• Xavier Bouju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 301–311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.34

• ripples of a graphene sheet relaxed on a silicon carbide substrate, and (iii) a corrugated transition of a graphene nanoribbon supported by a SiC surface. Improvements remain to be made for the prospective study of single molecule imaging and/or manipulation processes and related physical problems, such

Current-induced forces in mesoscopic systems: A scattering-matrix approach

• Niels Bode,
• Silvia Viola Kusminskiy,
• Reinhold Egger and
• Felix von Oppen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 144–162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.15

• given by Equation 44. (For an alternative derivation confirming the positive sign of the friction coefficient in a resonant-level system, see [52]). After some manipulation, we obtain and hence the damping coefficient becomes We can evaluate the remaining integrals analytically in the zero-temperature

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• spectra with p-polarized light. The angle of the incident light was set to 85° with respect to the surface normal. The spectra were taken at a resolution of 4 cm–1 by using 1024 scans and were referenced to a clean gold sample without any further data manipulation. For characterization of patterned

Effect of the tip state during qPlus noncontact atomic force microscopy of Si(100) at 5 K: Probing the probe

• Adam Sweetman,
• Sam Jarvis,
• Rosanna Danza and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 25–32, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.3

• surfaces, and has demonstrated the capability for atomic manipulation solely using chemical forces. Nonetheless, the role of the tip apex in both imaging and manipulation remains poorly understood and is an active area of research both experimentally and theoretically. Recent work employing specially

• types is difficult as typically we attempt to coerce the tip state into producing “conventional” images before performing manipulation experiments, so as to simplify interpretation of our experiments. Therefore, simply counting the number of images of each type acquired over an experimental run (in

• , which will be critical for future chemically selective manipulation strategies. Topographs acquired in constant Δf NC-AFM of Si(100) at 5 K, demonstrating different imaging mechanisms. Images have been rotated to align the direction of dimer rows. (a) High quality “conventional” image, “slicing” of some

Self-assembly at solid surfaces

• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 824–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.91

• have been foreseen at the time. These avenues exploit the ability to finely tune a wide variety of surface properties, for many diverse potential applications, through the combination of molecular self-assembly, chemical design, and postassembly surface manipulation by various chemical and physical