Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• , Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.77 Abstract Copper(II) oxalate grown on carboxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAM) using a step-by-step approach was used as precursor for the electron-induced synthesis of surface-supported copper nanoparticles. The precursor

• -by-layer approach described in detail previously [26], copper(II) oxalate was grown on carboxylic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on Au surfaces. Briefly, the SAMs were prepared using a 1 mM ethanolic solution of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and an incubation time of 72

High-resolution noncontact AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of self-assembled photovoltaic donor–acceptor dyads

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Pierre-Olivier Schwartz,
• Laure Biniek,
• Martin Brinkmann,
• Nicolas Leclerc,
• Elena Zaborova and
• Stéphane Méry

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.71

• structural organization of the recessed layers remains partially unknown. Further experiments, such as mapping the morphology and SPV for films of different thicknesses (down to a few monolayers), will be needed to conclusively address this issue. Local measurements of the recombination rates [24] may also

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• nanocrystals and large single crystals. By assembling nanocrystals on a Langmuir trough, large areas could be covered by monolayers consisting of randomly arranged nanocrystals. Alternatively, we used a method based on local supersaturation to grow large area single crystals of the precisely side-branched

• problem, we pursued an enhanced variant of the aforementioned approach: We attempted to create ordered monolayers of nanocrystals made of a precisely side-branched polymer. Those ordered monolayers of nanocrystals should have surfaces similar to the surface of single crystals, but can be prepared on much

• larger scales, as has been demonstrated for colloidal particles for which ordered monolayers of square centimeter sizes were achieved [7]. The polymer, which we chose for our experiments, was polyethylene with carboxyl groups at every 45th carbon atom, denoted as CPE45. The carboxyl groups were chosen

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• permeability of endothelial monolayers to LDL. After long-term application, the permeability was reduced to nearly the baseline level, which strongly correlated to the leaky junction around apoptotic cells [70]. Additionally, low shear stress decreased mRNA and protein expression of occludins in endothelial

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• ]. The AuNPs were prepared in aqueous media, with a diameter of 2.5 nm, and were used to decorate amphiphilic monolayers composed by a hydrophobic alkanethiol and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol. Furthermore, it was reported the usage of AuNPs of 27 nm of diameter to decorate small receptors composed by

• per-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin accomplished via covalent gold–thiol bonds [10]. These AuNPs provide an excellent platform for drug delivery due to the functional versatility of their monolayers. The vesicles with AuNPs are suitable for applications such as transport inside cells [11], photodynamic

Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• coating on one side. The cantilevers were immersed in 2 M NaOH aqueous solution for 40 min, rinsed with ethanol and dried in a flow of inert gas (N2 or CO2). In the next step, the gold coating of the cantilever was hydrophobized using self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of dodecanethiol (≥98%, 471364-100ML

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• monolayers under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at elevated temperatures leading to dewetting [23]. Here, we have chosen the so-called micellar approach delivering well-separated and size-tuneable FePt NPs on flat supports [10][11], which is of special interest for the present experiments since particle

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

• the adsorption of His6 on the Ni-free NTA layer, due to non specific interactions, from the formation of a neatly thicker His6 film induced by the Ni(II)-loading of the NTA SAM. Keywords: His-tag; nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA); protein binding; self-assembled monolayers (SAMs); spectroscopic

• with oligohistidine peptides has been largely implemented over the years for the affinity purification of recombinant proteins [4][5][6], and for the development of bioanalytical surfaces [7][8][9][10][11][12]. To this purpose, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated with the nitriloacetic acid

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• -dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (DPPTE) were investigated using Langmuir technique. The results obtained for a free drug were compared with the results recorded for DNR attached to SWCNTs as potential drug carrier. Langmuir studies of mixed DPPTE–SWCNTs-DNR monolayers showed that even at the

• performed for supported model membranes containing the drug delivered in the two investigated forms revealed that the surface concentration of the drug-nanotube adduct in supported monolayers is comparable to the reported surface concentration of the free DNR incorporated into DPPTE monolayers on gold

• controlled way [21][22]. Due to the presence of a thiol group in the polar headgroup region, this lipid has negative charge and it is possible to transfer monolayers onto solid support by means of both Langmuir–Blodgett method and self-assembly, which results in the differences in the packing of the

Organized films

• Maurizio Canepa and
• Helmuth Möhwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 406–408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.35

• and surface engineering, is a constant that marks the evolution of the field. In fact, one of us (H.M.) with his group entered the field many years ago, initially motivated by the biophysics of membranes and contributed to the development of new methods to characterize monolayers. Fluorescence

• microscopy and Brewster angle microscopy [4][5][6][7] were successfully employed to show that Langmuir monolayers exhibit an interesting domain structure on the micrometer scale with peculiar features due to the anisotropy of the interface. Surface X-ray diffraction revealed a multitude of ordered and

• disordered phases [8] that could be mapped on smectic liquid crystals. These and other studies, while revealing the interesting two-dimensional physics of Langmuir monolayers, also brought to attention some important issues in obtaining films with high geometric order extending over micrometer length scales

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• form monomolecular layers between both electrodes. In many cases, either self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [23] or Langmuir–Blodgett films (LB) [24][25] of organic molecules on a solid surface provide the order at the molecular level inside the junction to accomplish interface functionalization. The

• with gold and that a covalent Au–S bond is formed [23][64]. This bond has a dissociation energy of around 2.1 eV (ca. 50 kcal·mol−1), which is large enough to ensure the thermal stability of thiol monolayers up to 80 °C [65]. Furthermore, it is stronger than the Au–Au bond with a dissociation energy of

• formation [63][70]. Although thiol monolayers have received considerable interest in the scientific community, the stability of these SAMs and the poor tolerability of Au in CMOS technology, considerably reduces the application potential. In particular, these organic films exhibit only moderate stability

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• various applications such as catalysis, sensor development, hydrogen storage, thin films, and molecular electronics has focused on the study of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different combinations of molecular architecture, and in particular, different molecule anchoring head groups. The latter

• chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes. Selenide synthesis; XPS spectra for selenium on nickel and tables of Se 3d peak positions; LEED images for Se on Ni(111); X-ray damage verification for selenophene. Acknowledgements T. Jiang and Y. Tong thank the Chinese

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• techniques as Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). The isotherms indicate that C1P monolayers are in a condensed state in the presence of calcium ions, regardless of the pH. At higher pH without calcium ions, the

• the monolayer structure can be seen in the presence of a 150 times larger concentration of monovalent sodium ions. Therefore, calcium ions have clearly a strong affinity for the phosphomonoester of C1P. Keywords: calcium; ceramide-1-phosphate; Langmuir monolayers; phase behaviour; structural

• better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the described biological functions, Langmuir monolayers at the soft air/water interface are convenient model systems. They can be especially used to study interactions at membrane surfaces. By changing the subphase conditions, such as pH, ionic strength

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• differentiate devices read-out of fully and partially matching sequences. Results: We present here two platforms based on different sensing strategies, to detect mismatched and/or perfectly matched complementary DNA strands hybridization into ssDNA oligonucleotide monolayers. The first platform exploits atomic

• -assembled monolayers we followed in real-time the variation of capacitance, being able to distinguish, through the difference in hybridization kinetics, not only the presence of single, double or triple mismatches in the complementary sequence, but also the position of the mismatched base pair with respect

• microRNAs or in genomic DNA. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; DNA monolayers; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; hybridization; mismatches; Introduction Most current technologies for genotyping and sequencing are based on DNA hybridization, exploiting the high grade of selectivity due to the unique

Characterisation of thin films of graphene–surfactant composites produced through a novel semi-automated method

• Nik J. Walch,
• Alexei Nabok,
• Frank Davis and
• Séamus P. J. Higson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 209–219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.19

• to form stable monolayers on the water surface. Thin films of the above graphene composites were deposited onto different solid substrates, i.e., silicon, glass and gold-coated glass, using either electrostatic LbL or LB (LS) deposition techniques. SEM and AFM study showed that LB (or LS) films of

• spectrum of graphite (blue). Surface pressure/area isotherms of graphene(+)CTAB monolayers on the water surface. Numbers 1, 2, and 3 indicate consecutive compressions of the monolayer. AFM images of the same sample of a graphene(+)CTAB layer deposited onto a silicon substrate using the LS method: (a) 2D

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• achieve this goal. In all these cases, these techniques such as high-resolution electron beam lithography [78][79], self-assembled molecular monolayers [77], spacer layer engineering via atomic layer deposition [45], self-assembly of metallic nanoparticles with DNA and other molecular binding units [46

• optical properties. As in the case of the nonlinear waveguide, the dielectric system does not manifest itself optically and thus does not allow for an accurate prediction of the nonlinear properties solely from the linear ones. The same holds for the nonlinear self-assembled monolayers on top of silver

• triangles [58]. Here, the monolayers are the source of the signal, rather than the silver triangles themselves. The main hurdle, however, is the weak nonlinearity of dielectrics when compared with noble metals, such as gold or silver. Nonlinear waveguides are thus a doubly smart choice, as the waveguide

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• ][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In both cases, properties can be adjusted to match the requirements for different applications. Also the use of self-assembled monolayers (e.g., made from 1-thioacetato-16-(trichlorosilyl)hexadecane [34][35] or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane [33]) and polyelectrolytes

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• of molecules oriented between two conductors, with charge transport through the molecular layer. The vast majority of existing junction structures are based on metal/molecule bonding such as the Au/thiol self-assembled monolayers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], Langmuir–Blodgett films on metals

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• that although similar GO coverage was found for both systems, which leads to similar quantities of adsorbed probe, the morphology of the nanoparticle layer dictates the effective Raman enhancement behaviour. Results and Discussion Assembly of silver nanocube monolayers Silver nanocubes (AgNCs) were

• interface to obtain ordered floating monolayers, in addition we observed that the shape and position of π–A isotherms strongly depend on factors such as the time allowed for solvent evaporation before starting compression, the amount of substance spread at the interface and the compression speed. Careful

• optimization of these parameters generated reproducible isotherms up to π = 20 mN/m, compression beyond this value leads to unstable monolayers due to incipient collapse of the film and formation of 3D structure. A typical π–A isotherm for AgNCs is reported in Figure 1a together with the behaviour of the

Sub-monolayer film growth of a volatile lanthanide complex on metallic surfaces

• Hironari Isshiki,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Kevin Edelmann and
• Wulf Wulfhekel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2412–2416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.248

• ) single crystal substrates were cleaned with a standard Ar sputtering and annealing processes in a separate preparation chamber. After annealing and cooling down to room temperature, the substrates were transferred to a molecule deposition chamber and were exposed to a molecule flow of ≈0.1 monolayers/s

Two step formation of metal aggregates by surface X-ray radiolysis under Langmuir monolayers: 2D followed by 3D growth

• Smita Mukherjee,
• Marie-Claude Fauré,
• Michel Goldmann and
• Philippe Fontaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2406–2411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.247

• , results in a second growth regime of silver nanocrystals. Here the formation of the oriented thin layer is followed by the appearance of a 3D powder of silver clusters. Keywords: GIXD; Langmuir monolayers; silver clusters; TXRF; X-ray radiolysis; Introduction Formation of metal nanoclusters and

• times over the course of the 16 h irradiation period of Figure 1. During the first 30 min of irradiation, the evolution previously measured at the LURE was recovered [4][8]. The two peaks (one in-plane at 14.38 nm−1 and one out-of-plane at 13.87 nm−1) assigned to the L2 phase of Langmuir monolayers of

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• made of small molecule self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [3][14][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and self-assembled polymer monolayers (PSAMs) [12][31][32][33] are thus promising candidates for such purpose-tailored bioengineering tools. The structure of the SAMs and PSAMs strongly depends on the

• operating mechanism of adsorption [34][35]. These two types of monolayers can differ significantly due to conformational variabilities observed for macromolecular chains. On the other hand, PSAMs offer improved surface stability, ease in processing, unique chemical specificity and tunable surface energy [12

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• -functionalized glass substrates. The as grown monolayers and films annealed in ultrahigh vacuum and air (600 °C) were studied by water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Results of this study

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• /broadening of the vinyl C–H stretching band can be ruled out since the latter can be observed in close-packed OlAc monolayers [47]. In summary, NCs prepared in the absence of amines show the presence of both stearic acid and stearate. Conversely, when stearic acid and an amine were present in the reaction

Orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned gold on silica surfaces

• Francisco Palazon,
• Didier Léonard,
• Thierry Le Mogne,
• Francesca Zuttion,
• Céline Chevalier,
• Magali Phaner-Goutorbe,
• Éliane Souteyrand,
• Yann Chevolot and
• Jean-Pierre Cloarec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2272–2277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.233

• ] or other [27][28] self-assembled monolayers may provide a higher diversity of potential biomolecules to immobilize. Shorter spacer chains (e.g., short alkyl chains) may also be useful to immobilize the target as close to the metal surface (i.e., the maximum intensity of the evanescent field) as