Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH₃ and NO₂ detection

• Hana Sustkova and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

• Hana Sustkova Jan Voves Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.13.64 Abstract This paper describes atomistic device models of a multiple-chain polyaniline (PANI) gas sensing component, utilizing the non

• carried out and compared with measurements of 3 ppm ammonia [12]. This paper continues and goes deeper into this issue. It concerns further I–V characteristic computations of a device composed of several PANI molecules in the presence of several ammonia and nitrogen dioxide gas molecules. The computations

• extended Hückel method [15]. It is a fast computation method with very good results for the polyaniline system. This method was used for this paper, too. Computation of the device was performed using NEGF and the extended Hückel method [15] to obtain the transmission of the device system, resulting in the

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• perform time-resolved measurements of SPV [23][26][27]. In this paper, we propose a novel method of directly measuring the local SPV, namely AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy (AC-KPFM), which is based on a lock-in technique (widely used in standard KPFM setups) and controls the AC bias to nullify a

• intrinsic electric field [57][58][59]; however, this is beyond the scope of this paper. We note that the time scale of SPV measured with AC-KPFM is determined by the modulation frequency of the laser power and is faster (microseconds to milliseconds) than that in the case of classical KPFM (seconds to hours

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• makes the fabrication quite difficult. In this paper, motivated by the investigation in [28], a tunable graphene absorber, which consists of a graphene monolayer on a dielectric grating backed with a substrate, is designed and investigated. The paper is arranged as follows: First, we present the

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• substrates with dimensions of ca. 2 cm × 1 cm (Figure 2a). Although a great number of different types of substrate materials have been used, such as silica [37], chromium [38], tin [39], silver [40], or platinum [41], glass substrates were used in this paper. Glass is generally a popular choice, not just

• cascade centrifugation can be used as a common method for the separation of graphene particles by size, in the case of ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. In this paper, we demonstrated that cascade centrifugation of electrochemically exfoliated graphene can be used in conjunction with

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• part was checked under the fluorescence stereomicroscope (M165 FC, Leica), another was used for ultrathin sectioning for TEM observation. The procedure is described in detail in our previous paper [45]. All experimental items were sterilized at 121 °C for 15 min, and operations were carried out in a

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• the significance of controlled skin strains on both force of insertion and MN penetration [29]. This paper investigates the reliability and fidelity of dense thermoplastic MN arrays (9 × 9) fabricated using TPP and hot embossing techniques. It considers the mechanical integrity and insertion

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• nanoparticles can enhance the properties of both polar and nonpolar fluids. In the current paper, dispersions of nanoparticles were carried out in hydrocarbon and aqueous-based fluids using molecular dynamic simulations (MDS). The MDS results have been validated using the autocorrelation function and previous

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• × phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, for 15 min. A section of full-thickness human skin was placed, with the stratum corneum facing upward, onto a piece of tissue paper soaked with PBS in a weighing boat. CIP_MN1 were adhered to a piece of plastic tape and manually applied to the skin. To prevent the

• CIP_MN1 and the tissue paper was frequently soaked with PBS to prevent the skin from drying out. At each predefined time point, CIP_MN1 were removed, the skin was placed on dental wax and 1 cm2 of skin was excised using a cork borer. The skin was then fully immersed in O.C.T media and frozen in liquid

• -thickness human skin was excised and treated. CIP_MN1 was then inserted into the skin using finger pressure applied to the microneedle baseplate for 30 s. A cylindrical 10 g stainless steel weight was placed on top of CIP_MN1 array to prevent expulsion of the microneedles, and the tissue paper was

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• final dispersions were filtered through grade-3 filter paper [44][45]. The pH determination was performed using a pHmeter calibrated with buffer solutions. The relative density of the extract was determined using a pycnometer calibrated at 20 °C in a controlled temperature environment (20 °C). To

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• –Au NPs, and ZnO nanospheres–Au NPs, using this method. Some unusual fabrication methods include a poriferous ZnO–Ag substrate obtained by a film scraping method on paper [51][52]. A film with fluffy sponge-like morphology was obtained, pointing out its high specific surface area and showing uniform

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• relevant for a number of niche tasks where performance and energy efficiency are critically important. In this paper, we consider the basic elements for superconducting neural networks on radial basis functions. We examine the static and dynamic activation functions of the proposed neuron. Special

• components of the input vector x are fed. Every neuron of the hidden layer calculates the values of the 1D function hk(x). where xk is the k-th reference point and σk is the scattering parameter for the one-dimensional function . In this paper, we propose a modified tunable neuron circuit [44] for RBFNs (see

• depairing current of the superconductor. In this paper, we propose a tunable kinetic inductance with integrated spin-valve structure [46]. A superconducting spin valve is a device that can control the propagation of the superconducting charge carriers, induced from the superconducting layer via the

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• , phase shifts, and relays. In this paper, the state of the art of electrostatic pull-in phenomena in flexible devices is discussed, and the influence of different electrode structures in NEM switches is classified and discussed. In addition, the applications of NEM switches in radio frequency (RF

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• administration of new and efficient options for treating osteochondral lesions. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances in osteochondral tissue engineering resulting from the application of micro- and nanotechnology approaches in the structure of biomaterials, including biological and microscale

• application of such stimuli pave the way for the application of new and promising sources for re-engineering of biomaterials. In this paper, the native structure of articular cartilage is briefly described due to the importance of understanding its complex structure before designing a suitable construct

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• were performed to determine the appropriate amount of Al inserts in the Zn disc target and to determine the sputtering conditions under which conducting and transparent films could be deposited. The goal presented in this paper was to determine the influence of substrate placement (on- or off-axis

• discussed further in this paper. Figure 9a shows the GIXRD patterns measured for thin films deposited at different locations on the front side of the substrate. In each case, there are clearly distinguishable peaks at 2θ = 30.62° related to the (220) plane of the Al2ZnO4 cubic phase and peaks at 2θ = 34.07

• (Figure 11). The results presented in Figure 11 support the optical bandgap results presented in Figure 10. The higher the Al content, the wider the optical bandgap of the prepared thin film [1][24][25]. Discussion The analysis described in this paper showed a strong dependence of thickness as well as

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• structural studies of similar films are described in [24], the magnetic properties measured by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) in magnetic fields along the easy and hard magnetic axes are presented in [18][19]. In this paper, the magnetization reversal in the

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• . Conclusion In this paper, distribution density, average particle size, and size variance distribution of nanoparticles have been studied. It can be concluded that the distribution density of nanoparticles has a negative correlation with the improvement of TENG output, but when the distribution density

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• increase the tendency towards localization of Cooper pairs [23]. Further interesting effects are expected that can be related to the correlated behavior of quantum phase slips in different superconducting nanowires. This problem, however, goes beyond the scope of the present paper and will be studied

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• Damian Wojcieszak Jaroslaw Domaradzki Michal Mazur Tomasz Kotwica Danuta Kaczmarek Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.13.21 Abstract This paper presents the results of the

• . So far, a memristive-like memory effect has been observed for thin film structures with a so-called V-type [41] or linear [42] gradient profile of the Cu distribution in (Ti–Cu)Ox thin films. In the present paper, the results for (Ti–Cu) oxide semiconducting thin films prepared with a U-shape

• is the occurrence of the forming process, which occurs when the structure under test is first stimulated by an electric current (or voltage) in a cyclic I–V measurement. Conclusion The paper presents the results of investigations of the memory effect observed in a thin-film structure with a U-shape

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• eriochrome black T (EBT) are anionic dyes, while basic blue 41 (BB41), toluidine blue O (TBO), methylene blue (MB), methyl violet (MV), and rhodamine blue (RhB) are cationic organic dyes [74]. Textile, tannery, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food and paper industries are responsible for the release

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• individual ultrashort focused laser pulses has been reported [21]. In this paper, we investigate nondeterministic all-optical toggle switching of a Gd26Fe74 film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by magnetic imaging using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) with X-ray magnetic circular

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• missing. A deeper understanding of how different lubricants interact with gears during rotational transmission is hence highly desirable [56]. The paper is organized as follows: In the Methodology section, we introduce the setup of the gear–lubricant–gear system and details about the MD simulations. In

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• [11]. Afterward, Torimoto et al. used a sputter coater for the synthesis of small gold (Au) NPs by sputtering an Au target onto a thin layer of an ionic liquid (IL) [12]. This paper [12] published in 2006 initiated a series of similar works in several labs which, were focused on the deposition of

• several common trends that we discuss below. 2.1.1 Sputtering parameters: Analysis of the experimental parameters provided in papers related to SoL has shown that a given research group uses similar conditions from paper to paper (sputtering device, working distance, working gas composition, and its

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• according to the Fe3−xCoxO4 phase diagram [10]. For electrical conductivity measurements, the samples were burnished using sanding paper (1200 graining). For KFPM measurements, the samples were embedded in epoxy resin and polished to mirror using diamond polishing paste. The roughness of the polished

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• within the leaf sheath, and the leaf margin over the rolled leaf covers the leaf in an inclined fashion (intuitive from a simple rolled paper experiment). The rolling of the leaves during the initial developmental stages might be an evolutionary trait because of various abiotic factors such as water

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97