Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• yield diverse materials, which were found to depend on the P/Ti atom ratio [20]. The ratio was found to determine the particle size and the aggregation state and thereby could strongly tune the porosity of the resulting materials. Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles was employed to

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• particle size distribution of 500 nanoparticles of each certain type. The average size of the core–shell particle does not exceed 100 nm, as observed from transmission electron microscopy images (Figure 6, Figure 7a). The results of the elemental mapping of nanoparticles (Figure 7b) shows that copper and

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• a significant increase in the particle size within one step. In the case of sample C1_4S, the particle volume could be grown more than 23-fold. Core-free silica particles were formed in one growth step during the stepwise growth process (Figure 1C). To obtain further shells of the same thickness as

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• significantly increased D for all other conditions of (p < 0.05). Thus, the increase in the P407 concentration results in nanometer-sized micelles with a lower PDI. In addition, the presence of CUR increases the micelle size and also results in a low PDI. The TEM results and particle size when diluted to 0.3

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• total flow rate. Furthermore, the influence of the length of the focus mixing channel on the size was evaluated in order to better understand the nucleation–growth mechanism. Surprisingly, the channel length was revealed to have no effect on particle size for the chosen settings. In addition, curcumin

• that by varying the polymer concentration (PLGA) from 1 mg/mL up to 10 mg/mL the particle size increased from 65 nm up to 150 nm for a FRR of 0.05. The same behavior was found for all other flow rate ratios investigated (Figure 3). This effect is most likely related to the increasing viscosity of the

• larger FRR values, the effect between channel sizes of 180 and 280 µm is no longer evident as the effect of mixing time on particle size has less influence (this behavior is similar to that of a batch reactor [46]). Due to the reduction of the channel diameter, the mixing time was minimized to a FRR of

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• nanometer-sized copper spinel clusters over HYPS (Figure 5). The particle size reduction tends to decrease the saturation magnetization. In particular, noncollinear spin arrangements present at the external nanoparticle surface play a major role, which in influences the response of the material to the

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• , triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet. Sugar protons were numbered as customary. GPC analyses were carried out with Jasco instrument and following set up: 2055i auto sampler; RI-2031 refractive index detector; CO-2060 plus oven column; PU-2080 pump; three PLgel 300 mm∙7.5 mm (5 μm particle size) (10E4, 10E5

• , 500 A) and a PLgel 50 mm∙7.5 mm (5 μm particle size) guard, using THF as eluent at 35 °C. The system was controlled using polystyrene calibration kits (by RESTEK and Sigma-Fluka); samples were dissolved in THF at a concentration of 4 mg/mL and filtered (PTFE filters, 0.45 µm). Synthesis of propargyl

• : -CH2CH2CH2-), 1.25–0.77 (m, 3H·(y + x), -CH3,backbone). Particle size measurements by DLS DLS analyses of polymers (1 mg/mL, filtered solutions with PTFE 0.45 µm filters) were performed using a Malvern Instrument Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument equipped with a 4 mW He–Ne laser operating at λ = 634 nm. Particle

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• resonance peak with the prediction by Mie theory. The scattering spectrum also helps to monitor changes of the particle size/shape while heating, as we have demonstrated in Figure 2a of [12]. Both the backscattering and the attenuation profiles show a nice Gaussian shape, suggesting that the optical

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• Adhesion onto skin with increased residence time/prolonged release There are many properties that are identical for the several types of lipid nanoparticles – SLNs, NLCs and SmartLipids – because they only depend on physical characteristics (e.g., particle size or general adhesiveness of small particles

• ) or chemical characteristics (e.g., nature of the particle material, in this case lipid). Thus, data published previously regarding these general features also apply to the newly developed SmartLipids particles. It is well known that decreasing the particle size leads to a larger interaction area

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• particle size is mainly influenced by the droplet size during the initial emulsification step. In principle, PLA nanoparticles can be prepared at a range of sizes that is determined by parameters including the preparation method, the exact polymer used, and the encapsulated drug [39][40][41][42

• limitations. Conclusion In this study, we synthesised a range of doxorubicin-loaded PLA- and PLGA-based nanoparticle systems using emulsion diffusion and solvent displacement approaches. Our results show that particle size, loading efficiency, and drug release kinetics can be controlled by the production

• particle size, size distribution and zeta potential Average particle size and the polydispersity were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) using a Malvern zetasizer nano (Malvern Instruments, Herrenberg, Germany). The resulting particle suspensions were diluted 1:100 with purified water and

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• potentially resolve issues associated with catalysts used in the homogeneous process, that is, they can be prepared with a desired particle size for separation needs and can be reused. The main drawbacks are their lower activity compared to the catalysts used in homogeneous solutions (often associated with

• the context of biodiesel production via the transesterification of triglycerides with methanol, the challenge is to prepare a catalyst possessing the following characteristics: i) large particle size for convenient separation, ii) accessibility of the active sites for reactants, iii) minimized

• min, but more pronounced for longer treatment times (Figure 8). Despite these defects, the particle size distribution probed by laser diffraction revealed minor changes suggesting that treatment neither leads to dissolution of smaller particles, nor to detectable fractioning of the larger ones (Figure

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• exfoliation of graphite [47]. The obtained CDots showed a broad band emission due to their heterogeneity in particle size and surface-functional groups. The authors explored the potential of CDots as UV-to-visible color converters using a 365 nm UV chip and could generate white light with CIE color

• grid had a very low particle density and we could not obtain any statistical data on the particle size from the low-resolution TEM micrographs. The nanoparticles are mainly of between ≈4 nm and ≈10 nm in diameter, with an occasional presence of nanoparticles as large as 30 nm. The TEM micrograph

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• particles are listed in Table 1. The values are in accordance with the size observed from the TEM images and further confirms the narrow size distribution of the three types of Au-CPMV particles. The particle size measured by DLS is influenced by the substances adsorbed on the NP surface and by the

• . The particle size distribution obtained from NTA analysis (Figure 2A) showed a peaks of 51 ± 2 nm, 71 ± 3 nm and 100 ± 5 nm, respectively, with over 90% of the particles being within the measured size thus confirming the narrow size distribution. CPMV (uncoated particles) have an average diameter of

• particles, respectively. This can be attributed to the increase of the total surface area of all NPs with decreasing particle size. In addition, gold has a significantly higher X-ray attenuation coefficient (at 100 keV: gold 5.16 cm2/g; iodine 1.94 cm2/g; water 0.171 cm2/g) [47][48]. Conclusion CT has

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• electrostatic hydrogen-bonding interactions and consequently higher osmotic swelling pressure, thereby increasing the particle size to a more swollen state below the LCST [84]. Due to these same induced interactions, the LCST of highly ionized microgels is also shifted to higher temperatures compared to

• images of (a) porous silver nanocapsules with hydrogel cores (≈930 nm in diameter), (b) silver nanocapsules with hydrogel cores (≈920 nm in diameter), and (c) stepwise particle size (diameter) distribution plot. UV–vis spectra of porous silver nanocapsules with hydrogel cores (≈930 nm in diameter) and

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• of coating on the particle size and their magnetic properties is also raised. It has been shown that different types of coatings shift the magnetic blocking temperature [10][13][14]. In our present study, we observe a superparamagnetic transition of coated and uncoated samples in the temperature

• within the coherent X-ray scattering region, and the size can be slightly different from the values obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images of the nanoparticles are presented in Figure 2. The particle size distribution estimated from the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images is

• was used in our ZF-NMR experiment. XRD patterns of coated and uncoated magnetic nanoparticles. HRTEM images of uncoated (a) and HSA-functionalized samples (b). The particle size distribution estimated from the HRTEM images in Figure 2. Raman spectrum of uncoated nanoparticles. Fitting of the peaks in

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• sterol structure similarly to cholesterol, P2 phytosomes (P2Ps) were prepared to further improve the water solubility of P2. The P2Ps exhibited a particle size of 53.6 ± 0.3 nm with oval shape and a zeta potential of −4.0 ± 0.7 mV. P2Ps could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells more

• , Di phytosomes (DiP) and P2 phytosomes (P2P) were prepared by a thin-film rehydration method (Figure 3A). Blank lipid nanoparticles without drugs (P) were also prepared with the same process. Particle size and zeta potential of the phytosomes were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The

• . The results showed that the addition of Di and P2 decreased the particle size of lipid nanoparticles. Particle sizes of 100 nm diameter or less will be beneficial to the blood circulation and tumor accumulation [33]. Numerous studies have shown that cholesterol is crucial for the structural stability

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• and between each cycle the suspensions were cooled to below 10 °C by using a cooling bath to avoid heating of the suspensions and subsequent agglomeration of the crystals [29]. Characterization of nanosuspensions Determination of particle size and physical stability: Nanosuspensions were characterized

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• hydrodynamic diameter of the PNPs as measured by DLS in water was approximately 110.8 ± 0.4 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.194. The diameter of the NPs was around 92.6 ± 1.7 nm with a PDI of 0.238 (Figure 1b,c) as determined by DLS. The DLS measurements demonstrated that the hydrodynamic particle

• size of whole clusters was around 100 nm, which is much larger than the diameter as determined by TEM. This discrepancy might be due to nanoprobe cluster formation in water. Nanoparticles of diameter around 110 nm can successfully escape the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• had an average particle size of 70–230 nm depending on the type of non-ionic surfactant used and the mixing parameter. Moreover, all prepared niosomes were monodisperse with an average polydispersity index ranging from 0.07 to 0.3. All prepared niosomes were spherical as demonstrated by transmission

• . were able to efficiently encapsulate curcumin into polymeric nanoparticles prepared using a fabricated microchannel. The prepared polymeric nanoparticles had an average particle size of 167 nm with a curcumin loading capacities of 15% [11]. Using niosome nanoparticles composed of different non-ionic

• preparation of niosomes that allows for the control of particle size and polydispersity, without the need for a size-reduction step after the particles preparation [12]. Niosomes can be prepared within the required characteristics in a single step, which can be later used for large industrial scale

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• against pollutants. Namely, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared using different lipids (tristearin, compritol, precirol or suppocire) in the presence or absence of caprylic/capric triglycerides. The formulations were characterized by particle size analysis, cryogenic

• the physical and chemical stability, particle size analysis and TOC encapsulation efficiency were periodically evaluated by PCS and HPLC, respectively, as above reported. Western blot analysis for HO-1 and HO-2 protein Cytotoxicity determination Experiments were carried out to assess the range of NLC

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• images of Ni/Ga nanoparticles from a 0.5 wt % dispersion of Ni(COD)2 and GaCp* in [BMIm][NTf2] after 24 h of dispersion and 10 min of microwave-induced decomposition. Bottom: EDX spectrum and particle size distribution 3 ± 0.5 nm (87 particles counted). HRTEM images: a) Ni/Ga nanoparticles from a 1 wt

• % dispersion of Ni(COD)2 and GaCp* in [BMIm][BF4] after 24 h of dispersion and 10 min of microwave-induced decomposition. For details of the particle size distribution (2.5 ± 0.5 nm), see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. b) Ni/Ga nanoparticles from 0.5 wt % dispersion of Ni(COD)2 and GaCp* in [BMIm

• ][BF4] after 24 h of dispersion and 20 min of microwave-induced decomposition. For details of the particle size distribution (2.5 ± 0.5 nm), see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3. c) Ni/Ga nanoparticles from 0.5 wt % dispersion of Ni(COD)2 and GaCp* in propylene carbonate after 24 h of dispersion

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• obtained from TEM images shown in Figure 3. Antimicrobial activity The improved bioactivity of nanometer-sized TiO2 particles is due to the area of contact and/or volume that is increased by reducing the particle size, specifically in this case the thickness (<100 nm), which allows greater interaction with

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• . HSA (0%) nanoparticles displayed a large particle size of almost 1 µm and a high polydispersity of 0.5, confirming that no stable nanoparticles had formed (Table 1). The three HSA nanoparticle preparations stabilised by the different glutaraldehyde concentrations displayed similar diameters between

• amount detected in the collected supernatants. Determination of particle size distribution The average particle size and the polydispersity were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) using a Malvern zetasizer nano instrument (Malvern Instruments, Herrenberg, Germany). The resulting particle

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• particle size (7–50 µm), pore diameter (3–25 nm) and pore volume (0.4–1.75 mL/g) were investigated regarding their ease of processing. The evaporation from the silica–ethanol suspensions was performed in a rotary evaporator. The finest powders were obtained with larger-sized silica. The maximum loading

• staying amorphous was achieved between 10% and 25% (w/w), depending on the silica type. A loading mechanism was also proposed. The most suitable processing occurred with the large-sized Syloid® XDP 3050 silica with a 50 µm particle size and a pore diameter of 25 nm, resulting in 18% (w/w) maximum loading

• parameters (e.g., particle size, pore diameter, pore volume) in order to identify particles which are most easy to process. Materials and Methods Materials Rutin with a purity of 95% was purchased from Denk Ingredients (Munich, Germany). Various mesoporous silica particles (Table 1) with pore diameter of 3

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• possible. Fe deposition onto nonoxidized GC is possible as well but leads to poor reproducibility and inhomogeneous samples with respect to particle size and size distribution. The control over the size of the particles is necessary since it was shown that the diameter of CVD-prepared CNTs can be

• distribution. Double pulse deposition, as described above, was utilized but the deposition time was decreased from 12 s to 8 s, resulting in a reduced Fe particle size range from 50–90 nm. The use of thicker CNTs as the primary material and smaller Fe particles for the secondary CNTs was chosen to obtain truly

• hierarchical structures, facilitating the verification of the growth of secondary CNTs. The particle size can be controlled via the deposition time, as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3, with average particle sizes of ≈45 nm after 6 s of deposition time and ≈110 nm after 12 s of deposition