Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• associated drug percentage (%) was calculated as follows: In vitro docetaxel release: The in vitro release profile of DOC from nanoparticles and film formulations was determined by using the dialysis membrane technique under sink conditions in a shaking water bath at 37 °C in phosphate buffer solution (PBS

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• cytometry. After exposure to 100 µg/mL nanoparticles dispersed in the absence and presence of 10 % FBS, the dispersions were removed from each well and cells were rinsed twice with fresh phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Then, 1 mL 0.1% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution was added and

• in Sorensen’s phosphate buffer, and post fixed in osmium tetroxide (1%, w/v) in de-ionised water for 1 h. The samples were rinsed in Sorensen’s phosphate buffer and dehydrated by incubation in 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% ethanol solutions. The cells were immersed in ethanol/Epon (1:1, v/v) mixture

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• °C, 9% CO2). The cells were seeded on cover slips with a density of 1·105 cells per cm2 and allowed to attach for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation in presence of the nanoparticles, the medium was removed and the cells were washed two times with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS, Gibco, USA

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• of Tris-HCl or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The quality of the ferrite nanoparticle cores was analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) on a Tecnai G2 X-TWIN type from FEI. For such purposes, a drop of diluted in ethanol particles was drop-casted on a Cu

Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets

• Jennifer E. Francis,
• David Mason and
• Raphaël Lévy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1238–1249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.125

• of the immunofluorescence procedure is shown in Figure 8. Briefly, cells were seeded onto glass coverslips and grown until confluent, washed once in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (37 °C), and fixed in 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 10 min or 100% ice cold methanol (5 min). Cells were washed 3

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• were washed with cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), cut into 4–6 mm2 pieces and incubated in 0.6 U/mL dispase (Roche, Switzerland) for 1–3 h at 37 °C to remove the epidermis. Dermis was minced manually before enzymatic digestion with 0.62 Wunsch U/mL Liberase Blendzyme 1 (Roche, Switzerland) for 30

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• and 9). The k values determined were 0.022, 0.024, 0.018 and 0.018 min−1 at pH 3, 5, 7 and 9, respectively. We next conducted photocatalytic experiments in 10 mM solutions of carbonate or phosphate salts that are commonly used to adjust the pH and enhance the dye fixation in textile fabrics (the pH

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• , D-14476 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.80 Abstract Understanding the mechanisms responsible for generating different phases and morphologies of calcium phosphate by elastin-like recombinamers is supreme for bioengineering of

• bind to and nucleate calcium phosphate. The benefit of using click chemistry is that the hybrid elastin-like-statherin recombinamers cross-link without losing their fibrillar structure. Mineralization of the resulting hybrid elastin-like-statherin recombinamer hydrogels with calcium phosphate is

• described. Thus, two different hydroxyapatite morphologies (cauliflower- and plate-like) have been formed. Overall, this study shows that crosslinking elastin-like recombinamers leads to interesting matrix materials for the generation of calcium phosphate composites with potential applications as

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted a great deal of research interest for various applications in biosensing. AuNPs have strong binding capability to the phosphate and sugar groups in DNA, rendering unique physicochemical properties for detection of metal ions. The formation of Au–DNA nanocomposites is evident

• ]. Also, in DNA, the specific base pairing and the availability of free hydroxyl and phosphate groups have been used to build the structured assembly of particles [4]. DNA-functionalized Au nanoparticles are often applied as nanoscale building blocks in assembly strategies, nanotherapeutics and antisense

• phosphate buffer) was added to the above solution and again incubated at room temperature for 1 h to cleave the disulfide bonds formed by the oligonucleotides upon addition of MPA. DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles were then washed twice by centrifugation (13,000 rpm, 15 min) to remove all unbound

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• ]. After spotting, the arrays were blocked with 10% bovine serum albumin (BSA) to reduce unspecific binding of the protein to the polymer. Next, samples were washed and incubated for 1 h with 0.5 µg solution of STV-FITC in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The observed STV-FITC fluorescence is homogenous

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• , Sigma-Aldrich) in a 10 mg/mL solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) at 4 °C overnight. The substrate was thoroughly washed with PBS and dried with a nitrogen flow. Cell seeding and culture As described before [32][33], HAECs were purchased from Cascade Biologics TM (Portland, USA) and at

Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes

• Dmitrii I. Petukhov,
• Dmitrii A. Buldakov,
• Alexey A. Tishkin,
• Alexey V. Lukashin and
• Andrei A. Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60

• phases having extremely low solubility products. Unfortunately, thermal treatment of anodic alumina films is known to be accompanied by increasing brittleness and possible membrane curling [24][25]. However, none of the pure chemical methods (phosphate or chromate treatment) results in the necessary

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• of the resulting hybrid, namely polymer chains and inorganic NPs (e.g., covalent, ionic, van der Waals). Several halogenated coupling agents can be used to covalently graft an organic group onto the surface of oxide NPs, e.g., organosilanes [21][22][23], carboxylate [24][25] or phosphonate/phosphate

• the catalyst. The length of the carbon backbone of the initiator (between phosphate and α-bromo-ester functions) is very important to the ATRP polymerization rate when initiators are directly anchored to the particle surface. Sunday et al. [36] reported that long alkyl chains (16 carbon atoms) or

Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

• Stanislav Gorb and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

• articles of this Thematic Series, Egorov et al. proposed a relatively simple protocol for 3D printing of complex-shaped biocompatible structures based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate for bone tissue engineering [24]. The analysis of 3D printed structures shows that they possess large

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• membrane, which is a problem if an intracellular mode of action is desired, for example, with a nuclear receptor. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can serve as carriers for small and large biomolecules as well as for synthetic compounds. The nanoparticles were prepared and colloidally stabilized with either

• flow cytometry. All proteins were readily transported into the cells by cationic calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Notably, only HTRA1 was able to penetrate the cell membrane of MG-63 cells in dissolved form. However, the application of endocytosis inhibitors revealed that the uptake pathway was

• different for dissolved HTRA1 and HTRA1-loaded nanoparticles. Keywords: calcium phosphate; endocytosis; nanoparticles; proteins; Introduction Many receptors for drugs or proteins are located inside cells [1][2]. However, because many biomolecules are not able to penetrate the cell membrane on their own, a

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• previously described [19]. Briefly, 0.1 mL of anti-IgG was reconstituted in Buph PBS (0.1 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.2) containing 10 mM EDTA. Then, 5 μL DTT (1 M) dissolved in Buph PBS/10 mM EDTA were added to the IgG solution. The samples were mixed and reacted on a rotator at room temperature

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• stability of these fabricated SIPs was evaluated under in vitro conditions. After 3 h dialysis in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 °C the size of 2d SIPs was shown to increase, with the polydispersity index reaching values greater than 0.4 (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Homologues 2b and 2e form

• 2h aggregates increased when using phosphate buffer instead of water during preparation of the colloidal aggregates (Figure S7, Supporting Information File 1). To predict the morphology of aggregates, the packing parameter P [65] was calculated for all compounds by using Equation 1: The dimensionless

• solution (0.5 mL) was added in 1 min to deionized water (25 mL) or phosphate buffer (25 mL) at 60 °C and stirred at 750 rpm. Nanoparticles were formed spontaneously. Solvent (THF) and part of water were removed under reduced pressure and the total volume was adjusted to 25 mL with deionized water. Methods

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• (Ab) and HRP were oxidized with periodate and incubated with the linker hydrazine dithiol. Briefly, 100 μL of Ab 1 mg/mL was incubated with 30 μL of 100 mM phosphate pH 7.4 and 10 μL of periodate 100 mM protected from light for 30 min. In the case of peroxidase, 200 μL of HRP 3 mg/mL were incubated

• buffer exchanged against phosphate buffer 10 mM pH 7.4 using a Hi-Trap desalting column using an Äkta Prime apparatus (GE-Healthcare, Upsala, Sweden). The Ab-linker and HRP-linker concentrations were measured by absorption at 280 nm and 403 nm, respectively, as well as by Bradford assay (data not shown

• re-suspended in 1 mL phosphate buffer 10 mM pH 7.4 containing 0.5% BSA and 0.01% Tween 20. This step was repeated twice but after the last wash, the complex was re-suspended in 400 µL. The complex concentration was measured by absorption at 520 nm and kept at 4 °C until use. In case of the

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• living cells, we decided to test the tAPA–Au SERS-active substrates on SLBs in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer solution, which provide an excellent model system to mimic the native cellular membranes [22]. In the present work, the fabrication and modification of tAPA aiming at its exploitation as

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• genomic DNA [13], were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Streptavidin from Streptomyces avidinii, provided in lyophilized form in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.4, was purchased from Invitrogen (Italy). Mixed cellulose ester membrane filters were purchased from Whatman (UK). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS

• ) solutions at pH 7.4 (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, phosphate buffered 10 mM) were obtained from Amresco (Italy). Ultra-pure water (Milli-Q Element, Millipore) was used for all the experiments. Synthesis of AuNPs Glassware was cleaned with freshly prepared “piranha” solution; i.e., a mixture of 1:3 ratio of

• assured the nanoparticles stability for several months. The resulting colloidal solution was characterized by λmax = 520 nm. AuNPs functionalization Adsorption of SA on AuNPs was achieved by adding 10 µL of SA solution (1 mg mL−1 in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4, the final concentration of SA in

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• . Afterward, the particles were exposed to 20 µg of streptavidin and the volume was adjusted to 500 µL with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (0.01%, pH 7.4). The resulting suspension was incubated under shaking condition at room temperature for 1 h. The particles were washed and magnetically separated. In order

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• phosphate, potassium titanyl phosphate or lithium niobate. This effect can be ascribed to the fractal-like shape or statistical self-similarity of the AuNP arrangement [14]. The concept of fractal-like design in optics was introduced for the first time by Stockman [14]. In a chain of particles, the self

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• /PSS/EM electrodes were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. Voltammograms of PEDOT/PSS, PEDOT/PSS/AuNPs, PEDOT/PSS/CuPc and PEDOT/PSS/LuPc2 electrodes immersed in catechol and hydroquinone 1.5 × 10−4 mol·L−1 with 0.01 mol·L−1 phosphate buffer as the supporting electrolyte are shown in Figure 2. The

• Trametes versicolor, activity ≥10 U·mg−1). 5 mg·L−1 solutions of tyrosinase and laccase were prepared in buffered phosphate 0.01 mol·L−1 (pH 7.0). Preparation of the electrochemical sensors and biosensors Sensors were prepared using a spin coater, model 1H-D7 (Micasa Co., Tokyo, Japan). ITO glass

• at 2000 rpm for 120 s (slope of 120 s), followed by annealing at 150 °C for 15 min. PEDOT/PSS/EM enzymatic biosensors were prepared by depositing laccase or tyrosinase onto the PEDOT/PSS/EM sensors. For this purpose, 50 μL of 0.01 mol·L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5 mg·mL−1 of enzyme were

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• -delivery vehicles in living beings [31][32]. Earlier, such microcapsules had been decorated using other luminescent labels, including organic dyes [33], rare-earth phosphate nanocrystals [34] and visible [35][36] or near-infrared emitting chalcogenide Q-dots [36]. Results and Discussion O-dot formation and

• was determined, according to the protocol of the manufacturer. Cellular staining We used two methods for visualizing cells by synthesized O-dots: without fixing, and with fixing, using a mixture containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Sigma) and 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2