Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• -dimensional (1D) nanostructures and have attracted many researchers and scientists. GNRs exhibit strong tunable plasmonic fields and are biocompatibile, which makes them promising candidates for various applications [1][2]. In many applications, it is necessary to form and distribute 1D nanostructures on a

• detailed in this report could open up new opportunities for various practical applications such as nanoelectronic, sensing, optoelectronic, and plasmonic devices. Firstly, controlling shape and size of 1D nanostructures is crucial for the investigation of novel properties of these promising materials

Highly compact refractive index sensor based on stripe waveguides for lab-on-a-chip sensing applications

• Chamanei Perera,
• Kristy Vernon,
• Elliot Cheng,
• Juna Sathian,
• Esa Jaatinen and
• Timothy Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 751–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.66

• the device too large for lab-on-a-chip applications [3] and requires precise alignments [12][14]. Nano-plasmonic sensors utilising metallic nanostructures can be used to overcome these limitations. In addition, they allow miniaturisation of the overall device size as well as improving the ease of

• excitation. The plasmonic Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is one such alternative passive nano-optical device used in refractive index sensing applications [3][5][15][16]. In physics, a MZI is a device used to determine the relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived from splitting

• laser. Plasmonic RI sensor. Right outer arm (reference arm – covered with PMMA), left outer arm (sample arm – covered with 0.5% sucrose in DI water). Rightmost to left are series of CCD images obtained for 0%, 10%, 80% sucrose in DI water and index matching oil. Relative intensity difference between the

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• realization of plasmonic effects in such a nanocomposite was also aimed and successfully performed. This can be further used as continuation of our previous work on the investigations of polymer nanocomposites for photonics [9][10][11]. Results and Discussion Investigations of rare-earth oxide nanoparticles

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

• . Optical methods based on optical reflectivity, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ellipsometry, allow for label-free, non-invasive, in situ monitoring of molecular adsorption/desorption at surfaces [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. While SPR-based methods require supports with specific plasmonic

Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• the nanoplatforms for uPA and MMP 9 detection defy the general paradigm: shorter consensus sequences and sequences permitting higher dynamics of the attached TCPP lead to fluorescence enhancement of the attached fluorophore due to enhanced plasmonic light scattering [24] of the Fe(0) core of the

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• gluing unit for the assembly of often linear, hybrid structures of plasmonic gold (Au NP), magnetite (Fe3O4 NP), and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NP). Furthermore, the assembly of Au NPs into linear structures using Hcp1_cys3 is investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM and cryo-TEM. One key

Characterisation of thin films of graphene–surfactant composites produced through a novel semi-automated method

• Nik J. Walch,
• Alexei Nabok,
• Frank Davis and
• Séamus P. J. Higson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 209–219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.19

• SPR minimum even lower on the Ψ spectra while causing an additional phase shift on Δ spectra. The enhancement of the SPR peak due to the deposition of graphene layers is observed for the first time. It is interesting to note that graphene itself does not show plasmonic behavior in the visible spectral

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• ; nanomaterials; organic solar cells; plasmonic structures; supercapacitors; thin films; Review The energy future: challenges and opportunities The demand for energy in the 21st century is increasing due to the increase in the world’s population and rapid technological advancement [1]. Today, the worldwide

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• , Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Heidenhofstr. 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.13 Abstract We study the linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic gap nanoantennas. Using a two-step-aligned electron beam lithography

• leads to a change in the coupling strength as well as an increase of the effective refractive index of the surrounding. The combination of these two effects causes a red- or blue-shift of the plasmonic modes, respectively. We find that the nonlinear optical properties of the combined system are only

• ], the strong local fields enable a number of applications and phenomena: The plasmonic resonances in arrangements of multiple nanoparticles can couple together giving rise to collective modes similar to molecular physics [3], which led to the development of the so-called plasmon hybridization model [4

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• structures are higher compared to those of the individual components [19]. Several methods have been proposed for the fabrication of hybrid composites incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles and graphene [20]; preliminary results from this group evidenced that large SERS enhancement factors were obtained for

• quadrupolar (Q) plasmonic resonances, which appear in the spectra as two separate D and Q peaks with the new Q band blue-shifted with respect to the D band due to dipolar modes. Therefore, a regular Ag nanocube array is expected to show an intense quadrupolar resonance and a dipolar red-shift relative to the

• distance permits the creation of an efficient hot spot distribution. Additionally, recent experiments on localized surface plasmon emission via delayed femtosecond laser pulses confirmed that small clusters lead to a plasmonic response that provides the highest peak intensity [60]. Conclusion Here we

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• when the semiconductor nanostructure is placed in the gap between a gold nanocluster and a gold surface (the so-called “hot spot”) [32]. As in the case of metal nanoclusters in close proximity, the plasmonic gap supports electromagnetic fields confined in the gap much that are stronger (typically a few

• resonant SERS by CdSe NC coverage of less than one monolayer deposited onto regular arrays of Au nanoclusters, with a particular focus on Au dimer arrays. Experimental Colloidal CdSe NCs with a diameter of 5.2 nm purchased from Lumidot were homogeneously deposited on specially prepared plasmonic substrates

• regular arrays of Au nanoclusters Typical SEM and HR-TEM images of a single monolayer of CdSe NCs deposited by the LB technique on the plasmonic substrate and on a carbon-coated Cu grid are shown in Figure 2. This demonstrates a dense, homogeneous coverage of the NCs for both the Si substrate with a Au

Orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned gold on silica surfaces

• Francisco Palazon,
• Didier Léonard,
• Thierry Le Mogne,
• Francesca Zuttion,
• Céline Chevalier,
• Magali Phaner-Goutorbe,
• Éliane Souteyrand,
• Yann Chevolot and
• Jean-Pierre Cloarec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2272–2277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.233

• analyzed using WinCadence software. The mass calibration was performed on hydrocarbon secondary ions. Schematic representation of the use of orthogonal functionalization techniques to enhance the sensitivity of a plasmonic biosensor (with a constant number of molecules). (A) Functionalization is uniform

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• unfiltered human blood plasma is presented and discussed. Keywords: apomorphine; Au NPs; nano-roughened films; pulsed laser deposition; self-assembled films; SERS; Introduction In recent years, the analytical applications of Raman spectroscopy and its enhanced variant employing plasmonic media, the surface

• effectively used to detect specific analytes of biomedical interest [13][14][15][16]. They can also reveal subtle chemical differences in samples from controls and from patients for specific cancer types [17]. Nanofabricated plasmonic substrates bear interesting perspectives for the detection of low

• produced and NP arrays with different degrees of surface coverage on the substrate (corresponding to strongly differentiated morphologies) are obtained in a finely controlled way [22][23][24][25]. Such nanostructured, artificially roughened surfaces are characterized by plasmonic properties, such as the

Near-field visualization of plasmonic lenses: an overall analysis of characterization errors

• Jing Wang,
• Yongqi Fu,
• Zongwei Xu and
• Fengzhou Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2069–2077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.211

• University, 300072, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.6.211 Abstract Many factors influence the near-field visualization of plasmonic structures that are based on perforated elliptical slits. Here, characterization errors are experimentally analyzed in detail from both fabrication and measurement points of view

• on the basis of a finite-difference and time-domain (FDTD) algorithm so as to support the error analyses. The analyses performed on the basis of both theoretical calculation and experimental probing can provide a helpful reference for the researchers probing their plasmonic structures and

• nanophotonic devices. Keywords: characterization; nanofabrication; near-field; plasmonic lenses; plasmonic structures; Introduction The characteristics of nanophotonic devices that are based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are appealing because of the extraordinary transmission in free space [1][2][3][4

Mapping bound plasmon propagation on a nanoscale stripe waveguide using quantum dots: influence of spacer layer thickness

• Chamanei S. Perera,
• Alison M. Funston,
• Han-Hao Cheng and
• Kristy C. Vernon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2046–2051, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.208

• for the stripe waveguides was found to be around 20 nm. Authors believe that the findings of this paper prove beneficial for the development of plasmonic devices utilising stripe waveguides. Keywords: photoluminescence; plasmonics; quantum dot; spacer layer; stripe waveguide; Introduction Plasmons

• metal surface is vital to enhance the PL intensity. In this paper we present the mapping of the above bound plasmon mode using quantum dot photoluminescence. For a plasmonic stripe waveguide, we demonstrate that QD to waveguide surface distance is a critical factor on the QD PL [11]. We use degree of

• layer affects the plasmonic mode propagation, and thus the ITO layer is included in the FEM simulation. The ITO layer affects the propagation length and loss of the wavenumber of the guided mode and any cut-off thicknesses for particular modes. For more information see [6]. Fabricated structures were

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment II

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1937–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.197

• be exploited in room temperature gas sensing devices. The plasmonic effect, generated by the inclusion of metallic nanoparticles, can be used to overcome certain limitations of the carbon materials, especially in organic solar cells [5]. The optical properties of nanomaterials can also be exploited

In situ SU-8 silver nanocomposites

• Søren V. Fischer,
• Basil Uthuppu and
• Mogens H. Jakobsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1661–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.168

• µm is achieved in the lithographic process. The UV exposure time is found to be independent of the nanoparticle concentration. The fabricated silver nanocomposites exhibit high plasmonic responses suitable for the development of new optoelectronic and optical sensing devices. Keywords: functional

• treatments before and after UV exposure. The exact process is not known as acetonitrile and the many constituents of SU-8 play a role in the NP formation. The AgNPs formed in the SU-8 polymer matrix show a clear plasmonic absorption [16] in the visible region as seen in Figure 2. The high temperature post

• . The plasmonic peak of a nanocomposite baked at 95 °C is broad, which indicates particles or agglomerates with a wide size distribution, whereas the peak corresponding to the composite material treated at 300 °C is sharper, enhanced and more defined with a λmax of 434.5 nm. The peak position at 434.5

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• interpreted due to a broad tail near zero-loss peak. With the help of a monochromator and/or a cold FEG plasmonic properties can be studied, for instance in graphene. The low-loss EELS spectrum of graphene is dominated by plasmon excitations consisting of two peaks at about 4.5 eV and about 15 eV, referred to

Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
• Yucheng Zhang,
• Andrzej Rudkowski,
• Czesław Kapusta,
• Rolf Erni,
• Stanislav Moshkalev and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1508–1517, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.156

• ], thermal sensors [8], photodetectors [9], and mode stabilizers for vertical surface emitting lasers [10]. Other deposits were used as ferromagnetic wires [11][12], superconducting wires [13], plasmonic structures [14], or as electrode nanocontacts [15][16]. The feasibility of obtaining 3D nanostructures

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• moderate temperatures. This allows one to increase the number of created gaps, and also modifies the shape of the remaining segments to more rounded ends. These nanowires separated by small gaps or connected by small junction are excellent candidates as model systems for plasmonic characterizations with

Attenuation, dispersion and nonlinearity effects in graphene-based waveguides

• Almir Wirth Lima Jr.,
• João Cesar Moura Mota and
• Antonio Sergio Bezerra Sombra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1221–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.125

• development of nanoscale devices, which are also faster and more efficient than traditional devices found today. The nanoscale dimensions of graphene-based plasmonic devices allow for their integration into electronic and photonic integrated circuits. Since there are many nanophotonic devices based on

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• Al templates were fabricated in this work by metal PBL. The wavelength-selective optical transmission spectra due to the localized surface plasmonic effect of the holes in perforated Al films were investigated and compared to the respective hole diameter histograms. Keywords: localized surface

• plasmonic resonance; metal islands; metal nanostructures; metal polymer blend lithography (metal PBL); nano-patterned template; nanoscale discs; optical transmission; perforated metal film; polymer phase separation; poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); polystyrene (PS); self-assembly; spin-coating; surface

• statistically the same size as the holes in Figure 3a. In general, metal PBL is a good supplementary to the conventional lithographic methods for fabrication of structures in hundreds of nanometer or even sub-100 nanometer range in a versatile and up-scalable way. Localized surface plasmonic resonance of

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

• Kai Braun,
• Xiao Wang,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Hilmar Adler,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Thomas Chassé,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

• plasmonic nano- and microstructures has recently been predicted and experimentally realized [30][31][32]. Considering the fact that the Raman scattering and PL emission processes originate in the very center of the tip–substrate gap, any generated photon will firstly couple to the gap mode before being

• . Depletion of the HOMO via elastic tunneling to the tip and generation of hot electrons by irradiating the plasmonic system with incident laser light apparently leads to a population inversion between an empty HOMO-level and the higher energy level of hot electrons; thus gain is expected under the very

• results demonstrate how optical enhancement inside the plasmonic cavity can be further increased by localization via tunneling through a molecule. We anticipate that stimulated emission from a tunneling junction will advance our fundamental understanding of quantum plasmonics and lead to new analytical

Patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates using a focused electron beam

• Takahiro Noriki,
• Shogo Abe,
• Kotaro Kajikawa and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.104

• substrate. This technique could contribute to the fabrication of plasmonic devices and other applications that require the controlled placement of gold nanoparticles on substrates. Keywords: electron beam; gold; nanoparticle array; Introduction Plasmonic waveguides and circuits utilizing localized surface

• plasmons in silver nanowires and the emission of photons at the end of the nanowires. Branching is considered necessary to make integrated photonic/plasmonic circuits. The plasmon propagation on branched silver nanowires was also experimentally demonstrated [4]. However, most of these experiments were

• ]. However, nanostructures made by these techniques generally have low purity as they contain a large amount of carbon, and thus, the structures need to be coated with gold or silver for use in plasmonic devices. Therefore, a manageable, practical, and not too complicated technique for fabricating

Electromagnetic enhancement of ordered silver nanorod arrays evaluated by discrete dipole approximation

• Guoke Wei,
• Jinliang Wang and
• Yu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 686–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.69

• neglected compared to the plasmonic resonance width in metal nanosystems, leading to a fourth-power dependence [26], To evaluate the EF of SERS for the nanostructures, we calculated the sum and the average of the EF within a unit cell of the periodic lattice over the available surface area except the bottom