Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• vs the substrate. The target–substrate distance was 14 cm. The unbalanced magnetic configuration system was applied. Before the deposition process, the working chamber was pumped to a base pressure of 10−3 Pa. Thin films were sputtered without additional intentional heating of the substrates during

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• during deformation [48][49]. No plastic strain occurs in this work, given the much higher yield strength of Zr-based MGs (approx. 1.7 GPa [50]) than that of copper (69–365 MPa [51]). The maximum contact pressure in this work is ca. 0.49 GPa (JKR model), smaller than the yield strength of MGs. As a

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• the temperature range from 300 to 360 K at 1 bar pressure under helium atmosphere in an optical continuous flow cryostat (Oxford Optistat CF). Optical switching experiments were performed by applying light with the discrete wavelength in the range of 440 to 540 nm using a Hg arc lamp and subsequent

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• direct route for both bandgap engineering and photoactivity enhancement. One strategy employed was high-pressure and high-temperature hydrogenation, resulting in reduced “black TiO2” (B-TiO2−x) nps with a crystalline center and a disordered surface that absorbs light in the visible range. Chen et al

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• to develop sensors that were a wearable type of a goniometer. These sensors were then tested under static and dynamic conditions. For another application, researchers designed and developed a purely textile-based capacitive pressure sensor to be integrated and embedded into the garments to monitor

• and measure human body pressure. These sensors were beneficial for pressure sore prevention, rehabilitation, and the detection of movement during activities. Further, these sensors were comfortable and bendable and were applied onto the upper portion of an arm to detect the deflection of the forearm

• during muscle bending [8]. Park et al. [9] developed a self-powered piezoelectric sensor for monitoring the pulse rate in real time. A pressure sensor was attached to the epidermis for monitoring pulse and assessing personal health status. Traditional sensors for pulse monitoring can detect bio-signals

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• these are commercially available, have comparatively high vapor pressure and are fairly stable and easy to handle. Correspondingly metal carbonyl complexes, including the mononuclear Ni(CO)4, Cr(CO)6, Fe(CO)5, W(CO)6 and Mo(CO)6, have been used as precursors to deposit metals on surfaces through FEBID

• condensation of the target gas on the electrical lens components. The base pressure in the chamber was around 5 × 10−8 mbar. The effusive beam of the target gas was generated by sublimation of solid Mo(CO)6 at room temperature and the target gas pressure inside the chamber was kept in the range of 8 × 10−7 to

• . The intensities of the DEA curves in Figure 1 reflect the relative efficiencies of these reaction channels normalized to the intensity of the formation of SF6− from SF6 and the respective target gas pressure during each specific experiment. The values are given in arbitrary units and we note that ion

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• oxidation modes – oxidation, etching, and transition modes – in the third of which both oxidation and etching occur. A precise temperature–pressure growth mode diagram was obtained via careful measurements for Si(113), and the results were compared with those for Si(111) in the present work and Si(001) in

• chamber with an STM apparatus (JEOL, JSTM-4500XT). The base pressure of the chamber equipped with the STM unit was kept at 5.0 × 10−9 Pa. For the high-temperature measurements, in order to make the temperature of the tip close to that of the sample, the STM tip was moved close (100 μm) to the sample and

• series of STM images of the filled state for oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 1.3 × 10−5 Pa and a sample temperature of 820 K. Under these conditions, only oxidation occurs; etching does not. The circle (a) shows one of the initial oxidation sites, appearing as a dark depression on the terrace. It is

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• solubility, solvent conductivity, vapor pressure or the volatility of the solvent, and the electrospinnability of the solvents are the foremost parameters to be considered. Lasprilla-Botero et al. reported that the same polymer yielded different fiber when different solvents were used. This was due to the

• . Lin et al. discovered that THF, a solvent with high vapor pressure, formed nanoporous PS fiber sheaths. Decreasing the vapor pressure of the solvent system by adding DMF, a solvent with low vapor pressure, caused the pores to vanish [37]. In contrast, Putti et al. observed porous fibers of PCL when

• occur for a variety of reasons. More water molecules are trapped between the needle and the collector when the water partial pressure is higher. Due to molecular polarization, the presence of these water molecules reduces the quantity of surplus charges in the electrospinning jet [45]. As a result, the

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• -pentane, n-heptane, n-octane and n-decane, which have a high vapor pressure under normal conditions. As a result of exposure to aromatic and aliphatic nonpolar solvents, a redshift in the PBG is observed using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The diffusion of vapors of organic solvents into the PDMS

• . Qualitative detection of nonpolar low-molecular-weight organic compounds It was found that the response rate increases exponentially among n-pentane, n-heptane, n-octane and n-decane. This is consistent with an exponential decrease in vapor pressure and a decrease in the rate of diffusion of the compounds

• = – 2.0 × 10−5CPhMe3 + 4.8 × 10−3CPhMe2 – 0.49CPhMe + 23. The rate of sensor response to the mixture increases sharply even with a low content of toluene. This factor indicates the possibility of detecting small concentrations of volatile organic compounds with a higher vapor pressure in complex objects

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• with a relatively small motion of domain walls. In other words, the elastic pressure on the domain wall, which is proportional to the derivative of the domain-wall length to its position, is very high at such sharp features and may lead to a domain-wall motion, possibly facilitated by the transiently

• sample. The direction of the subsequent domain-wall motion, which requires a time of the order of nanoseconds, is affected by the change in domain-wall energy and possibly also a directional pressure related to the direction of the temperature gradient within the footprint of the laser spot on the sample

• thickness, deposited at room temperature using magnetron sputtering (base pressure <10−8 mbar) from elemental targets. The Ar sputter pressure was kept constant at 3.5 × 10−3 mbar during the deposition process. The film was prepared with 5 nm Pt as a seed layer on a Si(100) substrate with a 100 nm thick

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• external pressure. In the case of the crumpled graphene layer, we see a larger indentation depth compared to the flat graphene layer (Figure 7). The tip has more freedom to sink inside the material when the graphene sheet is crumpled (membrane buckling and elasticity) than in the case of flat graphene

• also curved away from the tip a little, which plays a role in reducing the local pressure compared to the case with no graphene. This can also be seen in the snapshots shown in Figure 9. Frictional forces Once the tip is sufficiently indented into the surface (after 1 ns), we start the sliding. Figure

• the case with no graphene. The graphene is curved away from the tip; this is especially true for the flat graphene layer. This helps to spread out the pressure and to reduce the local pressure in the polymer. The flat graphene sheet is the most efficient at reducing the friction and wear of the system

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• are taken into account due to high pressure at intermediate sliding velocities. On the macroscopic scale, the hydrodynamics of the fluid can be analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [6][7], which is based on solving the Navier–Stokes equation [8][9] or Reynold equation [10] for the thin-film

• fluid. One obtains several fluid properties such as pressure, velocity, shear stress, density and strain rate. In the case of the gear–oil–gear system, several studies based on the CFD simulation have been reported [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, most of the simulations for this type of

• ]. To proceed further, one may ask if lubricants can provide the same functionality as in the macroscopic case and are able to improve the transmission efficiency. Consider the case where the lubricant film within the contact area consists only of a small number of molecules. In this case, the pressure

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• reported data; we will address the influence of the sputtering parameters (sputter power, current, voltage, sputter time, working gas pressure, and the type of sputtering plasma) and host liquid properties (composition, temperature, viscosity, and surface tension) on the NP formation as well as a detailed

• overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs. Keywords: low-pressure plasmas; magnetron; nanoparticles; nanoparticle formation; sputtering; sputtering onto liquids; Introduction According to the general terminology, nanoparticles (NPs) are objects that have a size of less than 100 nm

• in the production chain that might cause detrimental issues, for example, NP aggregation. In this respect, low-pressure plasma-based sputtering onto liquids (SoL) is a relatively new synthetic approach in which the purification step can be avoided. This technique is based on the sputtering of

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• Sample preparation The Pb(111) single crystal, purchased from Mateck GmbH, was cleaned by several sputtering and annealing cycles in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). CO dosing on the cold substrate was done in the microscope chamber by increasing the pressure via a leak valve up to p ≈ 1 × 10−7 mbar for one

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• focus of research for roughly 50 years [1]. The ion conductivity is combined with a moderate electron conductivity, which strongly depends on the oxygen partial pressure [2][3][4]. These features make ceria an interesting material for high-temperature industrial applications, for example, as oxygen

• oxygen on interstitial lattice sites ( and ) is negligible at or below atmospheric oxygen partial pressure: In the case of the composite material in this study, the electron conductor FeCo2O4 has to be taken additionally into account to anticipate the reaction to local polarization. Generally, an

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• first part of the furnace. The Cr(acac)3 vapor in a continuous flow (3 sccm) of germane (GeH4) at 250 Pa was transported to the second part of the furnace where pyrolysis took place at 500 °C over molybdenum substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS, Kratos ESCA 3400 with a base pressure below

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• ethanol and dried at 50 °C. Plasmonic nanostructures were prepared by thermal dewetting of gold thin films. Thin Au films with a thickness of 2.8 nm were deposited using a tabletop DC magnetron sputtering coater (EM SCD 500, Leica) in pure Ar plasma (argon, Air Products, 99.999%) at a pressure of 0.2 Pa

• :Eu, and TiO2:Eu layers was conducted at 200 °C. The pressure in the chamber was approximately 0.2 Pa and the distance between target and substrate was approximately 10 cm. The sputtering system was equipped with a quartz crystal microbalance for the in situ measurements of film thickness. In order to

• spectroscopy (XPS). Measurement was performed using Omicron Nanotechnology equipment at room temperature and under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, at a pressure below 1.1 × 10−6 Pa. A Mg Kα X-ray source was operated at 15 kV and 300 W. XPS analysis were performed using CASA XPS software package with Shirley

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• to introduce ILs into polymer gel electrolytes. Currently, ILs have received much attention due to their unique properties, such as a wide electrochemical window, high ionic conductivity, non-volatility, non-flammability, small vapor pressure, broad liquid range, and outstanding thermal stability in

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• an external driving force [72], which represents the pressure difference for the Poiseuille flow (the results are shown in Figure 4). Figure 4 shows that two regimes are identified to characterize the variation of negative slip length values with an external driving force. When the external driving

• that the drag reduction might lead to the improvement of energy conversion efficiency from mechanical to electrical energy for the generation of streaming current induced by the pressure difference [119]. As stated in Section 1.1, the drag reduction is equivalent to the increase of slip length, which

• reservoirs with nanopores, the non-Darcy phenomena are ubiquitous for liquid flows [125][126]. Especially, there is a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) which should be overcome for the onset of the liquid flow. Nonetheless, the generation mechanism of TPG remains ambiguous and unresolved. One of the possible

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• with a radius of curvature of the tip r touches a relatively smooth surface, then the contact area may have lateral dimensions substantially smaller than r. This will give a good resolution. With an increase in pressure, the contact area will increase, and the resolution will decline. Thus, in order to

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• chamber. Depending on the experimental conditions (temperature, precursor gas pressure, geometry, and position of the gas inlet), precursor molecules adsorb on the substrate surface and form a thin (from sub-monolayer to several monolayer thickness) film. An explicit evaluation of adsorption and

• replenishment phase is challenging for MD simulations as it would require simulating the slow adsorption and desorption of new precursors and the created molecular fragments from the surface occurring on relatively large time scales. For specific values of pressure and temperature, the duration of the

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• ) volumes, respectively, and Bo and represent the bulk modulus and its first-order pressure derivative, respectively [9][56][57]. The volume–energy optimization curve of the π-SnSe is shown in Figure 2. The computed ground-state structural parameters are presented in Table 1. For the π-SnSe system, our DFT

• ]. Thermodynamic properties It is very crucial to know thermodynamic (TD) properties to obtain more details about the particular responses of an alloy, especially when it is subjected to critical limitations, such as high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Therefore, it is essential to examine the effects

• of temperature as well as pressure on TD parameters, such as the Grüneisen parameter (γ), Debye temperature (θD), thermal expansion coefficient (α), heat capacity (CV), and volume. We employed the quasi-harmonic Debye model [60][61] to explore the TD properties of the π-SnSe alloy. We obtained the TD

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• and skin electroporation [23]. In particular, microneedles facilitate transdermal delivery of water-soluble and high molecular weight drugs. Several microneedle designs enable drug delivery into the skin. Hollow or side-open microneedles allow pressure-driven or diffusion of drugs [24]. Solid

• example using porous silicon, is one possible solution [39][40][41]. However, a hydrogel reservoir which could be much larger than the microneedle array seems a better option, since it can swell to achieve greater load which can be released under finger pressure in combination with microfluidic

• attacks. In this context, microneedle patches have the potential to save lives [43][44]. Several studies have shown that microneedles are capable of withdrawing blood and ISF by capillary action alone without the need for negative pressure (suction) [44][45]. The application of microneedle-based devices

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• during preparation, and require no further purification, which gives them properties of a green solvent [25]. However, DESs share remarkable features with RTILs such as low vapor pressure, high tolerance to humidity, and high thermostability. The term “deep eutectic solvent” was first coined by Abbott in

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66