Microneedle patches – the future of drug delivery and vaccination?

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 494–495, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.40

• , and MN patch diagnostic systems barely appear on the research landscape. Microneedle vaccination patches are closer to clinical acceptance and have enormous promise, given the demand for high volume, low cost, rapidly deployable vaccination in response to pandemics like COVID-19 [4], and companies

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• as spheres and nanorods. 2.1 The plasmonic oscillation frequency The optical response of plasmonic nanoparticles, such as AuNPs, to incident electromagnetic radiation depends on their size, shape, morphology, proximity to one another, as well as the surrounding medium [32]. The vast changes in

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• response, the cells were treated for 24 h in a medium with five different concentrations of Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs in dilutions of 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 (v/v), where DMEM without phenol red was used for dilution of Ag NPs. Since the NPs were dispersed in distilled water, distilled water without NPs

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• , proteins, vaccines, and nucleotides [2]. In spite of biodegradability and biocompatibility, some studies have also demonstrated a certain concentration-dependent toxicologic profile including a mild inflammatory response after treatment with PLGA nanoparticles [49]. Some authors have suggested that the

• %) decreased as the O/S ratio increased, and DXM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity (A549 cell line) and hemolytic response. Encapsulation of DXM in PLGA nanoparticles resulted in slower and sustained release as compared to non-encapsulated DXM. Nanoemulsions formed in a 0.16 M PBS (W

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• )), fibrinolysis (e.g., tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)), and blood clotting processes (e.g., tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)) [4][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, endothelial cells are involved in the immune response of the body. Endothelial cells regulate

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• -scheme photocatalytic system. Li et al. [42] constructed spindle-shaped BiVO4-RGO-g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalysts for the highly effective degradation of antibiotics. The 1-D Z-scheme ternary nanocomposites had a very high photooxidation response. According to the authors, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• strategies for cancer. Toxic side effects and individual differences in response to treatment have further limited the benefits of clinical treatment for patients. Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-based nanotechnology has provided a new approach for biomedicine to overcome these obstacles. Biomimetic

• being presented to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), will promote the proliferation and infiltration of active T cells in the TME and induce an antigen-specific antitumor response [33][45]. This natural advantage also makes cancer cell membranes useful in nanoimmunotherapy, which can induce specific

• species (ROS) have attracted widespread attention. Activation of the agent in vivo triggers the production of ROS from intracellular oxygen, which can induce an antitumor response. Due to the engineerable nature of nanotechnology, combining NPs with catalysts and drugs can promote ROS production and

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• heterogeneity, key signaling pathway alteration, and activation of alternate signaling, which effectively rescue the main inhibited pathway. The oncogenic significance of EGFR and the weak response to TKIs have been the focus of clinical interest for more than a decade, motivating the research community to look

• TKI treatment. A subgroup of around 20–30% of patients harboring an activating mutation is intrinsically resistant to TKIs and shows weak clinical response, including those with wild-type EGFR NSCLC cancer. The establishment of clinical criteria for intrinsic resistance is still ongoing, and

• therapeutic approach. Following the initial pronounced response, after only 9 to 14 months around 50% of patients develop resistance to therapy with first- and second-generation TKIs as a result of T790M secondary mutation in exon 20 of EGFR [24]. Acquired resistance to TKIs is unavoidable and has already

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• administered at present through subcutaneous injection. Moreover, a glutamine–β-CyD conjugate was used to deliver DOX for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, which is difficult to cure [99]. By combining β-CyD and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), DOX was released in response to both the reduction by

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• broadband irradiation. These results show that the heat generation of GNPs highly depends on size and shape of the GNPs as well as on the incident wavelength. In general, GNRs with the surface plasmon response matching the irradiation wavelength exhibit maximum photothermal conversion efficiency under both

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• applied to the piezoshaker, with the frequency swept close to ωi, used to amplify the spectral response of the sense mode above the thermal excitation level. The above Hamiltonian is a modified version of the one used in [27]. In contrast to this previous work, we do not exclude the possibility of

• measurement. These two kinds of behaviour have a regime associated to each, both directly related to the overall coupling strength . The i-th mode, as the sense mode, is in the weak regime if is smaller than Γj/2, the linewidth of the cavity mode. In this case its susceptibility (spectral response) can be

• temperature as follows: where X is the spectral response amplitude with respect to the frequency offset from eigenfrequency δ and pump amplitude Vpump, Tambient is the temperature of the room where the experiment was performed, and δstart and δend are the start and end frequencies, respectively, of the lock

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• future photonic devices. This element operates by modulating optical constants in a localised fashion, thereby providing an external control over the strength of the electromagnetic near field above the element as well as its far-field response. A dual experimental approach is employed in tandem with

• computational methods to characterise the response of this system. First, an enhanced surface plasmon resonance experiment in a classical Kretschmann configuration is used to measure the changes in the reflectivity induced by an alternating electric current. A lock-in amplifier is used to extract the dynamic

• ] investigated the effects of gap size using a fine tunable mechanical separation as a means to control the intensity of a travelling SPP on silver. In contrast, in the present work, the modulation of the device’s response is obtained through changes in the optical constants via electrical signals. It is well

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• growth (Figure 12b). It should be noted that the required silver quantity to effectively inhibit microorganism growth is lower for C. albicans fungus (≈10 µg/g) than for E. coli bacteria (≈15 µg/g), which enables a faster growth inhibition of the fungi. In addition, the response of C. albicans to doses

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• decreases when the RhB concentration is decreased from 10−7 to 10−8 mol·L−1. Then a plateau is observed until the Raman signal for a RhB concentration of 10−11 mol·L−1 is complete vanished. The behavior of the SERS response is comparable to that reported in the literature and can be related to the

• adsorption isotherm curve of RhB [49][50]. The plateau in the SERS response observed between 10−8 and 10−10 mol·L−1 can be assigned to either the saturation of the chemical sites (i.e., no supplementary absorption is made) or to the fact that RhB continued to be absorbed outside of the hot spot [6][51

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• , characteristic of the material is its magnetization. The magnetization determines the effect of partial or complete ordering of magnetic moments of a set of atoms under the influence of an external magnetic field, which allows the use of this value to evaluate the response of nanocomposites to external factors

• nanomaterial is proposed. This model reflects the response of an external magnetic field on the behavior of individual atoms, and considers the internal structure and features of structural defects at the nanoscale when calculating the macroscopic magnetic characteristics of a material. The spatial

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• corresponds to the emission maximum. Figure 7 represents simultaneous measurements of the I–V characteristics and the detector response (represented by the color scale) for the meander array. Figure 7a and Figure 7b show two integrated oscillograms acquired in external fields of 8 and 15 Oe, respectively

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• Province, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.13.127 Abstract TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) have been studied for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, there are two major barriers of TNAs, including a low photo-response and the fast charge carrier recombination in TNAs, leading to poor photocatalytic

• electron–hole recombination [55]. PEC characterizations of materials Figure 6 shows the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves, Tafel slopes, and the photo-response of the samples. Figure 6a shows that the current density of all materials is grows linearly with the applied potential under visible-light

• of the photo-response under visible-light irradiation at 0.63 V in Figure 6c. A current density of about 38.6 µA/cm2 was obtained with the g-C3N4/TNAs even after five cycles, which is nearly ten times higher than that of pure TNAs. The current density of MoS2/TNAs is even higher than that of g-C3N4

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• with the nanoparticles formed at 60 and 80 °C. The results were favorable for all systems tested at 50 µg/mL. Here, the Ag/AgCl-T60 and Ag/AgCl-T80 systems also showed the best cytotoxic behavior, with cell viability of 21 and 20%, respectively. This response means that between 60 and 80 °C, it is

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• response in the physiologic environment [7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The main role of SBG is the formation of CHA layer, whereas the role of PBG and BBG is the delivery of Ca and P ions, responsible for the osteogenesis, and other therapeutic elements due to their higher solubility. The

• of composites To assess the bioactivity of the composites they were soaked in SBF for 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 days, after which the surface of the samples was investigated by means of SEM. The obtained SEM images led to the conclusion that the HAG-based composites had a quicker response to SBF, showing

• for HAPCs than for HAGCs, and they decrease with the increase of glass content and sintering temperature. (iv) HAGCs showed a quicker response to SBF within the first days of soaking. However, after longer soaking times, no difference was observed between HAGCs and HAPCs, and both groups of composites

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• loss modulus [14][15][16][17]. These quantities are appropriate for characterizing soft viscoelastic materials, such as biological specimens, whose mechanical response depends on the rate of application of stress or strain. Notably, many measurements on complex biological systems are still reported

• not defined for viscoelastic materials (biological tissues exhibit viscoelastic behavior), whose mechanical response depends on the rate of deformation. Third, AFM mechanical characterization is not always fully repeatable and can depend on equipment, sample preparation, and user expertise (or “art

• optical imaging, the device could be equipped with one or more piezoelectrically excited membranes coupled with a sensing mechanism, such as an AFM cantilever or other type of mechanical sensor (similar stand-alone developments already exist [31][32]). The mechanical response of the membrane could be

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• the investigated LiCoO2 polycrystalline samples were studied using impedance spectroscopy. The measurements were performed for seven samples annealed at selected temperatures, that is, 450, 500, 550, 650, 700, 750, and 900 °C. The typical impedance response of the studied materials is presented in

• Figure 10. It shows the Nyquist dependence Z″(Z′) (where Z′ denotes the real part and Z″ imaginary part of the complex impedance Z*) of the LiCoO2 sample annealed at 700 °C. The measured complex Z* response can be described by two parallel RC circuits connected in series: where R1 denotes the resistance

• flattening of the semicircle caused by the distribution of the relaxation time constants. Ideally, when only one time constant describes relaxation processes in the material (Debye-type response), the fit parameter α is close to 0 and there is no flattening of the semicircle. The distribution of the time

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• their mismatches, noncomplementary, and nontarget species DNA measured by DPV. The developed biosensor exhibited a selective response towards reverse complementary DNAs and was able to discriminate turtles from other species. The modified electrode displayed good linearity for reverse complementary DNAs

• reverse complementary target were optimised to obtain an optimum DPV response. An optimum hybridisation time is required to allow the growth of the duplex when the target DNA is exposed to the immobilised probe. As shown in Figure 4a, 40 min was the best time for hybridisation. After that, the

• the efficiency of hybridisation was measured by DPV using MB as a redox species. Figure 5 shows the DPV response to the hybridisation of target, noncomplementary, nontarget, or mismatch DNAs. The DPV current signal for the target DNA is significant and those of the nontarget DNA and the immobilised

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• the case without bias, Vb = 0. This is particularly clear for higher bias points 7 and 8, for which the steps without bias in array-b are barely visible, but with bias they are well developed. Figure 3d shows the detector response ΔUa(Va, Vb) measured simultaneously with the IVCs from Figure 3c. The

• in the array at Va ≈ Vb. Figure 4b shows the detector response measured simultaneously with the IVCs from Figure 4a. A significant enhancement of emission occurs practically under the condition of phase locking, Va ≃ Vb. The corresponding gain factors are listed in Table 2. They are only slightly

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• irradiation could increase membrane fluidity, which could, in turn, promote the cellular uptake efficiency. The good photothermal effects and photothermal stability, the light response release properties, and the efficient cellular uptake of AB-LNPs are all beneficial to the synergistic PTT effects. Regarding

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• reduction of the space charge region as seen in Figure 6d. Such reduction results in rapid transport and separation of the charge carriers in comparison to HBN. The electrochemical and potentiodynamic characteristics of MBN-80 were studied by analysing LSV and OCPT data. The LSV response for MBN-80 was