Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• –AuNP building blocks in order to build small-area functional devices. This is caused by their extremely low conductance, the missing antennae effect of AuNPs in optical devices and, in consequence, the absence of relevant switching currents as response to an electrical or optical trigger. Moreover, the

• current as response to light irradiation was identified as plasmon-induced metal-to-ligand charge transfer in Ru(TP)2 complexes and subsequent charge separation in the applied electrical field. Compared to Ru(TP)2-complex nanowire devices the performance of Ru(TP)2–AuNP devices is superior due to (I) the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• features for a material to be used in the biomedical area. In particular, an appropriate beneficial response should be generated with as low as possible undesirable local or systemic effects in the recipient. To improve the biological performance, TiO2 nanomaterials are often processed, surface

• -functionalized, or post-synthetically modified by adding various surfactants or dopants or organic molecules. The size of the nanomaterial also determines the type of immune response elicited by the body (endocytosis/cellular uptake) [21]. Xu et al. reported that the size of the pores is an essential parameter

• a significant photodynamic effect exhibited by PEGylated undoped-TiO2 with 75% killing of HeLa cells at a concentration of 5.5 μg/mL in response to UV or sunlight radiation [113]. TiO2 and ZnO2 are the most effective photosensitizers used in PDT. Yurt et al. conducted experiments in breast and

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• detection of volatile organic compounds [30][31][32]. In most cases, the response of such sensors is a change in mass recorded using a quartz microbalance. A simpler design and research method made it possible to investigate in more detail the processes occurring during the absorption of solvents. The

• ability to control selectivity in molecularly imprinted sensors and the simple visual response in photonic crystal sensors make it promising and even mandatory to combine these two approaches. In our previous study, the optimal parameters of polystyrene (PS) particles for sensor matrices for saturated

• . Consequently, the degree of swelling of polydimethylsiloxane predominantly affects the formation of a response when exposed to hydrocarbons. In this regard, it can be assumed that the sensor will be able to detect other hydrocarbons leading to a swelling of PDMS, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• min. This enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was interpreted as the synergistic effect between the high photo-oxidation ability of SnO2 triggered by the visible light response of g-C3N4. Also, the key role of the SnO2/g-C3N4 interface in inhibiting the production of NO2 facilitates the

• exhibited a broad optical response range and excellent oxidation ability and showed great potential in addressing air pollution. The ternary Z-scheme photocatalyst could remove 37% of NO under visible light and IR without generating NO2. In addition, this work also discussed the critical role of NCDs in

• extending the light harvesting range and promoting the separation of photogenerated electrons. A considerable amount of reactive oxygen radicals was produced during the photocatalytic reaction, resulting from the large amount of free surface OH groups. PL, photocurrent response, electrochemical impedance

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• 400 °C. An additional obstacle for measuring the response of the ion-conductive material in a composite including an additional electron-conductive phase is that the electron conductivity normally is so high that it usually obscures the contribution from the ion conductor. Therefore, measurements with

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• or by leakage of the metal ions from the core surface, causing oxidative stress. This phenomenon can be controlled by coating the NPs with polymeric shells, which enhances their biocompatibility and stability [40]. All drug-loaded samples exhibited a dose-dependent response. Among DOX-loaded NPs, ZFO

• . Normal cells have a low expression of p53 but its half-life may increase up to several hours under stress, resulting in elevated expression [57]. Enhanced expression of p53 in response to cellular stress has been associated with cell cycle regulation. It causes G1 arrest by inhibiting cyclin D and

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• generalisation. Nonetheless, all of these previous studies were concerned with regression models for predicting the numerical biological response at a single test concentration. In addition to these modelling studies, Karcher et al. [31] reported analyses of trends in NBI Knowledgebase biological effects data

• lethality or 120 hpf excess lethality data, converted to a binary response, and input variables characterizing the chemical composition and particle characteristics of the ENMs. As noted above, these binary responses were toxic (a LOEL for the modelled lethal effect was detected) vs non-toxic (a LOEL for

• the modelled lethal effect was not detected). The input variables are termed “descriptors” in keeping with standard nano-QSAR terminology [19]. The relationships between the biological response data and the descriptors are learnt by applying the models to the available experimental data, or a subset

Cantilever signature of tip detachment during contact resonance AFM

• Devin Kalafut,
• Ryan Wagner,
• Maria Jose Cadena,
• Anil Bajaj and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1286–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.96

• to improve their measurements. We shed light on this issue by deliberately pushing both our experimental equipment and numerical simulations to the point of tip–sample detachment to explore cantilever dynamics during a useful and observable threshold feature in the measured response. Numerical

• microscopy (PFM) [3], and electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) [4] are atomic force microscopy (AFM) [5] methods where the probe tip is held in contact with the sample at a constant average force while a small superimposed vibrational response is monitored. CR-AFM can measure the viscoelastic properties

• can be improved by increasing the magnitude of the drive amplitude. However, clear limits on the maximum drive amplitude are insufficiently defined by prior analysis. Moderate drive amplitudes can already result in observance of nonlinearity in the frequency response [20][21][22][23], but the most

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitriy V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Sergey A. Pavlov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

• that the simplest marker of the response level of a Josephson junction to microwave (MW) radiation is the magnitude of Shapiro steps. In the majority of works, an increase in sensitivity at low temperatures has been demonstrated [15][16][17], although a part of the papers indicate the receiver’s

• [20][21]. Biased at frequencies in the range of ω/(2π) = 70–90 GHz, such arrays provide accurate quantized voltages Vn = nℏω/(2e) exceeding 10 V. This accuracy is particularly determined by the magnitude of the response to external radiation. The Shapiro step observation can also be used as a clear

• between the experiment and the theory. While for low-temperature JJs the temperature dependence of the Shapiro steps is weak [27], for HTSC junctions the response to a MW signal has a general tendency to rise with decreasing temperature, but may have peculiarities for certain sample parameters [19]. In

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• phases, the so-called TGTG′ (trans-gauche-trans-gauche) chain conformation, show a weak piezoelectric response after electric poling. The β phase, the so-called TTT (all trans) planar zigzag chain conformation, is the one responsible for the electroactive response of the polymer. It is a polar phase that

• fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) [15][16][17]. This copolymer shows a higher piezoelectric coefficient than PVDF, while still maintaining a high flexibility, sensitivity, and mechanical durability. It is also, like PVDF, a biocompatible polymer. In order to obtain the best piezoelectric response

• under different strengths of a DC magnetic field and at different temperatures (room temperature (RT) and 65 °C), in order to enhance the alignment of piezoelectric domains. We demonstrate that this approach is an effective and simple method to improve the piezoelectric response of PVDF-TrFe. The

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• , morphologies, and gas analytes. The focus is to investigate the morphology-driven gas response of these fab-fracs and identify key parameters of fractal geometry in influencing gas response. Fab-fracs with roughened microstructure, pore-network connectivity, and fractal dimension (D) less than 2 are projected

• to be possessing better gas sensing capabilities. Fab-fracs with these salient features will help in designing the commercial gas sensors with better performance. Keywords: adsorption sites; fabricated fractal; fractal dimension; gas sensor; morphology; pore network; recovery time; response time

• responds in a particular environment with time), the response time (time taken by a sensor to detect no gas to 90% of the gas when exposed to a gas environment), and recovery time (time taken by a sensor to fall to 10% of its baseline resistance value when the gas is removed from the environment

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• coordination of Mn2+, Fmoc-ʟ-L, and Ce6, a yield of 36 wt % can be obtained. After the uptake of FMC NPs by cancer cells, Mn2+ and Ce6 can be released in response to intracellular high levels of glutathione (GSH). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results showed an almost complete elimination of the tumor three

• photothermal therapy. Geniposide is a natural crosslinking agent that provides strong covalent interactions to enhance stability. In addition, they attached disulfide groups to phenylalanine in response to glutathione. The obtained nanoparticles (GDSP) have high stability and can improve the photostability and

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• (OL) variant of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides access to the voltage response of the electrostatic interaction between a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe and the investigated sample. The measured response can be analyzed a posteriori, modeled, and interpreted to include

• the measured electrical tip–sample interaction is directly affixed to the topography rendered by the mechanical PFT modulation at each tap. Furthermore, because the detailed response of the cantilever to the bias stimulation was recorded, it was possible to analyze and separate an average contribution

• the local contact potential difference (CPD) between a conductive AFM probe and a surface, KPFM has been used for qualitative and quantitative electric characterizations. Examples include surface potential, doping, charge profiling, optoelectronic response, and others on various materials and

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• understand the thermoelectric (TE) response and applicability of the cubic π-SnSe alloy, we employed the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory to determine the Seebeck coefficient (S), the electrical conductivity (σ/τ), as well as the electronic part of the thermal conductivity (κe/τ) by applying the

• experimental studies are needed to calculate the ZT value with an accurate evaluation of the relaxation time. Optical properties The optical properties in solid materials are governed by the response of the electrons to time-dependent electromagnetic perturbations triggered by the shining of light. As a result

• , the computation of the optical properties is decreased towards the assessment of the response function, which is called dielectric tensor or polarizability. For practical optoelectronics applications, it is essential to investigate the optical response of the π-SnSe alloy. For this purpose, we have

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• ) have shown the most significant technological progress in display applications. They are incorporated into smart phones, TVs, traffic signals, and medical devices [3]. Similarly, lighting systems employing LED have longer life times (>50000 h), much lower heating effects, ultrafast response times, and

A new method for obtaining model-free viscoelastic material properties from atomic force microscopy experiments using discrete integral transform techniques

• Berkin Uluutku,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1063–1077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.79

• assumptions (see Figure 1). These transfer functions are the viscoelastic relaxance and retardance, where the relaxance describes the time response of a viscoelastic material to a unit impulse excitation (Dirac delta function) of strain and the retardance describes the response of the material to an impulsive

• , relaxance and retardance describe the time response of a viscoelastic material to a unit impulse excitation (Dirac delta function) of either strain or stress, respectively [13]. Theoretically, knowledge of Q(t) or U(t) fully characterizes the viscoelastic behavior of the material, so we refer to them as

• would be represented as: which can also be expressed using sine and cosine functions. The corresponding standard viscoelastic response to this harmonic stress excitation in the steady state is calculated by multiplying the appropriate transfer function (the retardance in this case, since the input is

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• stored at 4 °C) has shown inhibitory effects on A549 (IC50 3.9 µg/mL) and on H460 lung cancer (IC50 2.9 µg/mL) cell lines, according to a cell cycle arrest at G2/M [59]. Morevore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 had a dose-dependent increase in both cell lines in response to both

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• skin to give greater immune response and more efficient use of the antigen [12]. Such enhanced responses are a likely requirement of future uptake of microneedle delivery systems due to their small active area. Fortunately, there are encouraging data from recent coronavirus-related research [13] and

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• its good response to increasing illumination power densities [8]. The diode parameters, such as ideality factor (n), series resistance (Rs), and barrier height (ϕb), of the fabricated Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si device provide information to understand electrical characteristics. These parameters can be

• thermionic emission. Small differences of the ϕb and Rs values can be attributed to the used approximation [29]. The responsivity and specific detectivity are other important parameters of a photodiode or photodetector. While the responsivity represents the response to the incident light, the specific

• candidate for optoelectronic applications [35]. The fabricated Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si photodiode was studied with C–V and G–V measurements to understand the frequency response and obtain some other electrical parameters. The C–V graphs of the Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si photodiode are given in Figure 9 for the frequency

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• electrodes with a small radius (usually less than 50 nm), which is comparable or less than the thickness of the electric double layer [1][2]. The main advantages of such systems include high mass-transfer rates under steady-state diffusion, diminished electric double layer capacitance, and short response

• value was chosen as an optimal Ed for further experiments. According to the scheme of the NEA fabrication (Figure 1), the first Cu segment’s length (LCu1) determines the recess of NEAs relative to the template surface. In order to enhance a response time of sensing material inside AAO, LCu1 was

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• response, which indicates switching into some specific metastable magnetic states. There are two mechanisms for the appearance of hysteresis in the MLs [34][37]. The major hysteresis is associated with switching in and out from the magnetostatically stable AP state. Multiple smaller ones are associated

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• most appropriate for the given task. Notwithstanding the terminology, an ANN does not work the same way a biological neuron works, but the fundamental idea of response to input being selectively passed forward in a network is similar [26]. Following the initial work of McCulloch and Pitts [25], the

• , which has an inherently low signal due to damped response of the tip in contact with surface. In this case, the data is not surface mappings, but rather hysteresis loops in graphical format, which were “unfolded” by plotting the voltage response as function of the read voltage and writing voltage step

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• therapeutic efficacy, and decrease undesirable systemic side effects [2]. Smart DDS (also known as stimulus-responsive drug delivery platforms) can be traced back to the late 1970s when thermosensitive liposomes were introduced. These liposomes could locally release drugs in response to externally applied

• significant advantages of stimuli-responsive DDS is the precise spatial and temporal control of drug release in response to the application of exogenous or endogenous stimuli, including US [3]. Ultrasound is traditionally used in diagnostic medicine but now it is finding a place in drug delivery in

• their cargo in response to locally elevated temperatures [24]. Under some circumstances, small mechanical displacements of the tissue can result in nucleation, growth, and collapse of gas bubbles in a process known as acoustic cavitation, which is responsible for drug release from some structures [27

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• , which is likely due to complexion of the released silver ions [36]. To explore the effect of Ag-NPs on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs, we investigated the protein expressions of C-TnI, GATA4, SMA, VEGF, and VWF, as well as those of TERT and cyline D1 in response to Ag-NP treatment. It was

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• molecular dynamics simulation. Zc is the distance between the virtual atom at rest and the sample surface. The dynamic response of the tip is determined by the excitation of the virtual atom and tip–sample interactions. In the simulation the tip is parallel to the sample surface and the scanning is done in