The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• applied direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) voltages. The nanobubbles in DI water and three kinds of saline solution on a PS surface were imaged when a voltage was applied. The influence of the surface charge density on the nanobubbles was analyzed. Then the slip length and the electrostatic

• interface and boundary slip length is discussed based on the changes of nanobubbles and slip length with applied voltage. This review is divided into four sections. In section 1, the influence of an applied voltage on the CA and CAH of deionized (DI) water and saline on PS surface will be discussed. In

• slides on a solid surface, the CAH of the droplet will affect the drag. Generally speaking, it is easier to move the droplet with smaller CAH. Li and Mugele found the CAH of saline on Teflon (AF1600) could be decreased by applying an alternating current (AC) voltage [75]. Bhushan and Pan found the CAH of

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to remove residual ND-DGEA that had not been attached or internalized. DGEA peptide was synthesized with a fluorescent label (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC) to allow for visualization. FITC has an excitation and emission wavelengths of approximately 495 nm and

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) and linear or 6Arm-PEG-NH2. To investigate the effect of secondary amines on the results of quinone tanning, both linear PEG derivatives, mPEG-NH-catechol and mPEG-catechol, underwent the same crosslinking reactions in phosphate buffered saline (pH 8.0 with 0.3

• −1 in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline, pH 8.5), and the resulting molecular weight of the crosslinked PEGs was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Two GPC columns (OHpak SB-806M HQ and SB-804 HQ, Shodex®, Munich, Germany) were connected in series and equilibrated with phosphate

• buffered saline (10 mM, pH 4.0). The detector for the PEG standard was a reflective index detector (Shodex, RI-71), and a UV–vis spectrometer (Hewlett Packard HP 8453 spectrophotometer, 190 nm to 1100 nm, integration time 0.5 sec, interval 1 nm, Deuterium lamp for UV and tungsten lamp for vis) was used for

Antimicrobial nanospheres thin coatings prepared by advanced pulsed laser technique

• Alina Maria Holban,
• Valentina Grumezescu,
• Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu,
• Bogdan Ştefan Vasile,
• Roxana Truşcă,
• Rodica Cristescu,
• Gabriel Socol and
• Florin Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 872–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.99

• washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. The nuclei were counterstained with a 1 mg/mL solution of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Living cells were traced in the presence of nanospheres for 5 d in culture. The micrographs were taken by a digital camera

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• nanoparticle-mediated sporicidal activity. Effective spore decontamination by nanoparticles occurred in growth media but not in saline media. A “germinate and kill mechanism” is proposed to be operational in LB media. Experimental Synthesis of CuO nanorods and multi-armed NPs CuO nanorods (PS2) were

• /mL and 4 × 105 CFU/mL) with a set dose of CuO nanoparticle suspension. Then the volume is increased to 5 mL by using physiological saline (0.85% aqueous solution), an isotonic media for bacteria. Similar 5 mL of bacterial suspension was prepared without the addition of the nanoparticles as negative

• control to assess the viability of bacteria in saline during test period. In germinate and kill tests LB broth was prepared by adding 1 g tryptone plus 0.5 g yeast plus 265 mg NaCl to distilled water to prepare 10 mL LB broth in saline. All incubation experiments were performed in an incubator shaker at

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• in water, which generates colloidal particles of maximal purity [43][44][45]. Without compromising this purity, monomodal and monodisperse gold colloids can easily be fabricated in micromolar saline water with defined AuNP sizes [46]. Alternatively, this method also provides particles displaying a

The surface microstructure of cusps and leaflets in rabbit and mouse heart valves

• Xia Ye,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Ming Zhou and
• Weining Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 622–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.73

• using scissors and the hearts were removed. After irrigating with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), the hearts were fixed in a solution of 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Res Group Co., Ltd. chemical reagents) for 2 h. Then the atria and ventricles were cut open, and all of the heart valves (including aortic

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• between Young’s modulus of different cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy: The cells grown on a coverslip were washed with a RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10 mM HEPES. Next the cells were fixed by adding a 3.7% paraformaldehyde solution in PBS (phosphate buffered saline, Sigma) for 10 min and then

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• -Aldrich (St. Louis, MI): Malic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (DDA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO > 99.9%, reagent grade), pluronic F-127, Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), IR820, penicillin-streptomycin solution, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and trypsin-EDTA. Glycerol was

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• 0.9% saline as the mobile phase. To the ITLC-SG strip, 2–3 μL of the radiolabeled complex was applied at a point 1 cm from the end and allowed to run for approximately 10 cm. ITLC as the stationary phase and pyridine/acetic acid/water (3:5:1.5 v/v) as the mobile phase were used in determining the

New hybrid materials based on poly(ethyleneoxide)-grafted polysilazane by hydrosilylation and their anti-fouling activities

• Thi Dieu Hang Nguyen,
• François-Xavier Perrin and
• Dinh Lam Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.75

• ambient conditions, were previously sterilized in methanol, immersed in VNSS that contained the bacteria and were finally incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. Then coatings were rinsed in sterilized phosphate buffered saline to remove the non-adhered bacteria. The adhered bacteria were removed from the surfaces

Nanoscopic surfactant behavior of the porin MspA in aqueous media

• Ayomi S. Perera,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 278–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.30

• behavior of MspA in aqueous buffers, further expanding the pioneering work of Engelhardt et al. In 1× PBS (phosphate-buffered saline), MspA is capable of forming vesicles in the absence of added surfactant. Owing to the great thermal stability of MspA [3], we were able to study the influence of ionic

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• mixed with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4, 0.24 g KH2PO4 in 1 L of distilled water) by a vortex mixer until the cells were homogeneously dispersed. The suspension was centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant discarded. These steps were repeated

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• thin films, on films functionalized with APTES, or on films functionalized with APTES and GA. Antibody solutions were prepared by dissolving 200 μL of anti-E. coli O157:H7 in 800 µL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to achieve a final concentration of 50 μg/mL, after which the films were covered with

• the counting of pathogens was also used: the culture and colony counting method. To revitalize the culture of E. coli, a single colony was transferred in a test tube containing a nutrient broth and placed in an incubator for 24 h at 37 °C. Then serial dilutions were carried out in sterile saline

The morphology of silver nanoparticles prepared by enzyme-induced reduction

• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Thomas Schüler,
• Katharina K. Strelau,
• Karina Weber,
• Dana Cialla,
• Marco Diegel,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Andreas Berger,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 404–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.47

• for 3 h at 70 °C, followed by three washing steps in toluene. As a result, the surface was saturated with epoxy groups. Afterwards, linker molecules (here: DNA with a 5-end amino and a 3-end biotin modification) were deposited on the surface as 4 nl droplets in 5× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by

Towards multiple readout application of plasmonic arrays

• Dana Cialla,
• Karina Weber,
• René Böhme,
• Uwe Hübner,
• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Matthias Zeisberger,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 501–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.54

• saline (PBS). To deposit small volumes (here: 4 nL) of the capture DNA solution, a Nano-Plotter NP 2.0 (GeSiM mbH, Großerkmannsdorf, Germany) was used. After the drops dried up, the complete immobilization of the capture DNA strand was ensured by an UV linking process [37] (5 min at 254 nm). Finally, the

• chips were thoroughly washed to remove all unbound capture DNA. Before the hybridization, the dye-labeled target DNA (50 nM Cy3.5-labeled sequence: Cy3.5-5'-CAT AGA ATC AAG GAG CAC ATG CTG AAA AAA-3') was suspended in 5× saline–sodium citrate (SSC) and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Droplets of

Dynamics of capillary infiltration of liquids into a highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube film

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 311–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.36

• particular droplets from the surface of the HACNT film. The results of infiltration are presented in Table 1. All of the examined liquids, except for water, saturated saline (NaCl) and mercury, infiltrated the nanotube film. A comparative sequence of snapshots is presented in Figure 2 showing the

• infiltration of the HACNT film by three different aqueous solutions, characterised by various dielectric constant, namely distilled water (as a reference) (left), saturated saline (centre) and saturated sucrose solution (right). Water and saline solution both formed droplets that slide on the highly

• hydrophobic HACNT array. The droplets could be fully removed from the CNT surface using a paper tissue. The contact angle (θ) between the HACNT film and water (as well as saline) in air, as measured from magnified video shots, was constant over a period of 5 minutes and was equal to 165 ± 5°. This value

Microfluidic anodization of aluminum films for the fabrication of nanoporous lipid bilayer support structures

• Jaydeep Bhattacharya,
• Alexandre Kisner,
• Andreas Offenhäusser and
• Bernhard Wolfrum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 104–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.12

• . First, 5 mL of a lipid chloroform solution (5 mg/mL) were vacuum dried in a glass vessel. Then, a phosphate buffered saline (5 mL, 0.9% NaCl, 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) was added to form multilamelar vesicles. Sonication and extrusion (Avanti Polar Lipids, U.S.A.) were performed to produce

Sensing surface PEGylation with microcantilevers

• Natalija Backmann,
• Natascha Kappeler,
• Thomas Braun,
• François Huber,
• Hans-Peter Lang,
• Christoph Gerber and
• Roderick Y. H. Lim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 3–13, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.2

• (phosphate-buffered saline buffer, PBS) and poor solvent conditions (a binary mixture of 20% 2-propanol in PBS), we observe a marked response that is characteristic of a reversible collapse in the PEG layer. Results PEGylation of Au-coated microcantilevers. In our study we applied a direct “grafting to

• collapse was validated and shown to be reversible using microcantilever sensors. Our work suggests how microcantilever sensors may be applied to studying the kinetics and nanomechanics of natively unfolded proteins and other brush-forming molecules. Experimental Materials. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS