Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• S1 for larger scales). The line profiles of these cracks reveal a penetration depth of approximately 20 nm, which means that they are limited to the interfacial area (the film thickness is approximately 350 nm). For cross-linked films, the temperature treatment results in no observable changes

• -treated (b) p-PFDA films with different degrees of EGDMA cross-linking. The data are represented on individual color scales for clarity. Water contact angle (WCA) (a) and root mean square surface roughness (σRMS) (b) of p-PFDA films with different degrees of EGDMA cross-linking, as determined by the

• ; atomic force micrographs depicting larger scales; X-ray reflectivity scan evidencing the bilayer structure of p-PFDA. Acknowledgements The work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Grant P26993]. The authors gratefully acknowledge Roland Resel for interesting and helpful scientific discussions

Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C₆₀

• Daniel Waas,
• Florian Rückerl,
• Martin Knupfer and
• Bernd Büchner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.94

• mbar. For the measurements an X-ray tube XR-50-M with a monochromator Focus-500, a gas-discharge lamp UVS-300 and a hemispherical electron-energy analyzer PHOIBOS-150 (SPECS) were used. The energy scales were calibrated with the Au 4f7/2 core level emission feature of the substrate at 84.0 eV binding

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• 1.1 eV (in case of the Trp1S and Trp1Se), respectively. The energy scales of all spectra were referenced to the Au 4 f7/2 peak located at a binding energy of 84.0 eV. To evaluate the layer thicknesses of the investigated SAMs, the samples were mounted on a holder together with a reference of well

Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins

• Gheorghe Stan,
• Richard S. Gates,
• Qichi Hu,
• Kevin Kjoller,
• Craig Prater,
• Kanwal Jit Singh,
• Ebony Mays and
• Sean W. King

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.88

• microscope; contact resonance; infrared spectroscopy; organosilicate; photothermal; Introduction A fundamental objective of materials science and engineering is to understand, control, and exploit the relationships between the structure of a material at various length scales and its properties in order to

• relationships is experimentally elusive [3]. However, it has become a pervasive need for research currently focused on manipulating matter at nanometer length scales to take advantage of various nanoscale size effects [4][5][6]. It is a particularly pressing need for the semiconductor industry where the ability

• of the CR-AFM measurements on the OSG fins. Both (c) and (d) cartoons are drawn at relative scales to highlight the differences between the two techniques, with the impulse of the rapid sample expansion due to IR absorption causing a resonant oscillation of the AFM cantilever in AFM-IR (c) and the

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• the radial distance measured from the center of the peak. Thus, this oxidized surface is rough on both the nano- and the micro-scales, a necessary condition to achieve supersolvophobic states for mercury drops [26]. As a result, mercury drops lying on the surface would be in contact with a much

• atmosphere to avoid capillary forces due to water condensation and, in the case of the mercury drop, also to prevent oxidation. Measurements were carried out in many different areas along the surfaces, with 15–20 measurements per area. At these small scales, it is not uncommon that during the scanning using

• scales of the multi-scaled rough surface surely are playing an important role. This work is underway. Test grating. a) Lattice features given by the manufacturer. b) Scanning electron microscopy image of the array of sharp silicon peaks of the actual test grating (TGT1) used in our experiments obtained

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• millimeter length scales, as summarized in Table 1. These films have found utility in a diverse array of applications. Several biological applications have found uses for vapor deposited polymer thin films. For instance, Baxamusa et al. used iCVD to deposit conformal poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels

Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 657–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.70

• individually. This is in particular important as any change in f0 is an indication that some change in k may have taken place as well, as f0 and k are entangled properties [26]. In contrast, the thermal noise δfthermal of the measurement, which is one of the main noise sources in FM-AFM, scales with Q−1/2

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• reference gas was dry air (AirLiquide), used also as carrier during the exposure to dilute the target gas, maintaining a constant flow rate of 1000 sccm. Various software-controlled mass flowmeters (G-MIX, Bioage) at different full scales were used [19]. The gas sensing experiments were performed by

Modeling of the growth of GaAs–AlGaAs core–shell nanowires

• Qian Zhang,
• Peter W. Voorhees and
• Stephen H. Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 506–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.54

• surface diffusion for typical temperatures and length scales. Moreover, the motion of the atoms along the surface due to surface diffusion is driven by the difference of the chemical potentials between neighbouring facets. The average chemical potential on the i-th facet is calculated by where ni is the

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• temperature. A detailed analysis of the growth regime is presented in the following to clearly explain various aspects such as twinning, size reduction of particles, lattice parameters, and time scales of growth encountered in the growth process. Growth and morphology The growth of nanoplates obtained under

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• this method doubtful. Spray drying The development of spray drying [81][82] has been expanding over the years and has recently become a suitable commercial solution at both R&D and industry scales to produce dried particles from micrometers to nanometers. The pyrotechnic community quickly discerned the

• preexpansion pressure needed to guarantee a fine spraying. Besides the innovative applications of energetic nanomaterials, such as the synthesis of ultrafine nanodiamonds [116][117] and reactivity enhancement [10], the versatility of SFE allows the crystallization at a sub-micrometer or nanometer scales of a

• for the specific commercial drug products have been reported [125]. First, the choice of the gas at industrial scales is returning to CO2 due to safety and affordability criteria. For instance, gases such as nitrous oxide or ethane have low critical values, but explosive mixtures can be generated

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• ask how complex an object may be while still displaying quantum delocalization over macroscopic times and length scales [4][5]. Matter-waves can then become tools for chemistry too, for instance in novel measurements of molecular properties [6][7][8]. First experiments with complex molecules realized

• objects. Both will be crucial for molecular quantum optics and future matter-wave experiments. An open future challenge will be to explore how well this method scales with the size of particles from individual monomer to trimers, chromophore-labelled biomolecules up to decorated viruses, as displayed as

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• conducted under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. The binding energy scales for the XPS experiments were referenced to the binding energy of Ti4+ 2p3/2 (458.6 eV). To estimate the overall atomic concentrations of different compounds and elements, the average matrix relative sensitivity factors (AMRSF

Electron energy relaxation under terahertz excitation in (Cd_1−xZn_x)₃As₂ Dirac semimetals

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Ivan V. Krylov,
• Konstantin A. Drozdov,
• Anatoly F. Knjazev,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Vasily S. Zakhvalinskii,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 167–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.17

• variation on the PEM effect amplitude is shown in Figure 2. For the direct spectrum sample with x = 0.25 (Figure 2a), the effect scales up as a function of the incident radiation power for both laser wavelengths used (the main panel), whereas the dependence of UPEM on the number of radiation quanta is

• than in the bulk. These kind of surface states are apparently present both in the inverse and direct gap phases of (Cd1−xZnx)3As2 solid solutions. The effect amplitude, however, scales up differently as a function of the incident radiation flux in the two cases. It was suggested in [12] that this

Studying friction while playing the violin: exploring the stick–slip phenomenon

• Santiago Casado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 159–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.16

• same magnifications as in Figure 4 were selected. Other violin strings were also inspected, but they all presented similar surface characteristics at these scales. Hence, only a representative D-string was analyzed in detail. In Figure 6, line profiles obtained from AFM characterization of samples 1

• orchestra, and a synthetic hair used with a Bestler violin for beginners. Both hairs were tested under optimal musical conditions in all the possible violin scales, checked and recorded by the same professional violin player, on the same violin, and on the same string (D). The age of the two samples was

• rosin particles. Sound waves and Fourier analyses of samples 1 and 2 after cleaning. Images of sample 1 (a) and 2 (b) cleaned surfaces, showing geometrical differences at various scales. Surface characterization of the D-string of a violin. Line profile comparison between D-string (upper plots, blue

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• characteristic peak observed at the initial moments of the S-layer formation. Df plots representing the binding of SbpA onto the SCWP film. The color scales indicate the elapsed time after protein injection for (a) the full incubation process (1020 min, color step 60 min) and (b) the initial 60 min of the

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• end of the 50 ns pulse. The left side of the graph shows the long axis of the elliptical hot spot and the right side shows the short axis (note, there are different scales for the horizontal axis). The intensity distribution of the laser pulse (dotted black line) defines the lateral extension of the

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• abrasion of the pad epithelium. Here, we tested the effect of surface roughness on the attachment abilities of the tree frog Litoria caerulea. This was done by testing shear and adhesive forces on artificial surfaces with controlled roughness, both on single toe pads and whole animal scales. It was shown

• blood vessels beneath the pads which will contribute to the soft nature of the whole pad [19]. It is, however, unknown to what extent these soft pads can deform and adapt to different scales of roughness. Here, the performance of tree frogs on rough surfaces was examined using a variety of techniques to

• can adapt (acting like a soft material) and conform to rough surfaces of different length scales [36]. Their setae work least effectively on surfaces where the contact area of individual spatulae is split between several asperities (100 to 300 nm root mean squared roughness) [36]. Traction experiments

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• confinement in quantum dots leads to rich physical phenomena [37]. The correlation among the energy scales involved such as energy-level spacing of the constriction, charging energy and couplings allows us to estimate when charging effects would be important [38]. In the strong-coupling regime the wave

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• + irradiation of sample #3 with the thin-layer configuration: a) for carbon, b) for oxygen, and c) for hydrogen. The colour scales are different for the three species. Simulated depth profiles for a) 1 keV Ne+ irradiation of sample #1, b) 1 keV Ne+ irradiation of sample #3, c) 1 keV Ar+ irradiation of sample #1

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• scales of the order of 8–20 fs [30]. Additionally, ordering of the molecules in the layers is shown to vary from a slightly tilted geometry, to a disordered one, and to a nearly flat-lying geometry as the coverage density increases from the submonolayer to monolayer, and to multilayer regimes [29]. These

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• surfaces sensor capabilities [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The topographies either mimic typical shapes and feature sizes found in the natural environment of cells or expose them to rather artificial often well-ordered geometries. Considering the length scales of interaction, either on the molecular

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• ]. While the surface-to-volume ratio scales with NW radius and therefore can be controlled by adjusting synthesis conditions [11][12], the screening length depends on the density and dimensional character of the charge carriers in the NW [8]. Therefore it is crucial to investigate the charge transport

• predominantly through surface states (cf. Supporting Information File 1). Also, our previous work [14] showed that the carrier-distribution is uniform over length scales of several hundred nm’s along each NW unlike potentially expected for deliberately volume-doped Si NWs [18][19][20][21]. From the measured

• . Grey dashed line in (c) corresponds to the numerical fitting of Nd(R) with a power function. Carrier-density dependent transport properties in Ge NWs. (a) Electrical conductivity and (b) mobility as function of carrier density Nd. Dashed lines are a guide to the eye. Characteristic length scales in Ge

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• energy (BE) scales were referenced to 284.6 eV, as determined by the locations of the peak maxima of the C 1s spectra of a hydrocarbon (CHx). Surface compositions were determined by the corresponding core-level spectral area ratios, calculated using the relative sensitivity factor method. The relative

False positives and false negatives measure less than 0.001% in labeling ssDNA with osmium tetroxide 2,2’-bipyridine

• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1434–1446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.135

• U-oligo migrates later compared to the C-oligo. The profiles are shown in different scales to partially correct for the fact that by adding the U-oligo, the C-oligo is diluted. This figure illustrates that degradation of C(OsBp) to U(OsBp) in this oligo would have been detectable as a new peak