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Search for "scattering" in Full Text gives 840 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

  • Sina Kaabipour and
  • Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

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  • resonance (SPR) and generally have a broad absorption spectrum [83]. This enables applications in optoelectronics and surface-enhanced Raman scattering [84][85]. AgNPs were also applied effectively in solar cell matrices [32][86][87]. AgNPs can enhance the current density in solar cells due to their far
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Published 25 Jan 2021

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

  • Cynthia Kembuan,
  • Helena Oliveira and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

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  • -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS), which provides the nanoparticle surface with a positive charge, increasing their interaction with the cell membrane. The particles were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and
  • present study. The sample UC@thin_NH2 has a larger hydrodynamic diameter than the sample UC@thick_NH2 in DMEM and the situation is reversed for sample UC@thin_RBITC_NH2 and sample UC@thick_RBITC_NH2. However, in both cases the cell viability increases with shell thickness. Since the light scattering is
  • or particles adsorbed onto cellular membranes, relying on the fact that when cells internalize nanoparticles they increase their internal complexity [66][67]. Several publications have shown that side-scattering correlates with the concentration of nanoparticles attached to or taken up by cells [67
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Published 08 Jan 2021

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

  • Matthias Schmidt,
  • James M. Byrne and
  • Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

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  • ). Ion collisions with a nucleus in the sample result in (back-)scattering of the primary ion, displacement of atoms in the sample, sputtering of material and generation of phonons (heat). However, incoming ions also undergo many interactions with electrons in the sample, leading to the generation of
  • detectors Rutherford back-scattering (RBS) of high-energy (typically in the range of 1 to 5 MeV) ions is a well-known (micro)analytical technique for the investigation of the elemental composition of a sample. Recently, Klingner, Heller, and Hlawacek demonstrated a time-of-flight RBS spectrometer for the
  • HIM [32][34][49]. We are not aware of any currently published biological application of RBS in the HIM. However, from scattering kinetics it follows that RBS is most sensitive to heavy elements in a light matrix. For bio-imaging this implies that RBS could be a promising technique to study systems
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Published 04 Jan 2021

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

  • Eduardo Serralta,
  • Nico Klingner,
  • Olivier De Castro,
  • Michael Mousley,
  • Santhana Eswara,
  • Serge Duarte Pinto,
  • Tom Wirtz and
  • Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

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  • the sample with the position (scattering angle) and time of the transmission events. Various imaging modes, such as bright field and dark field or the direct image of the transmitted signal, can be created by post-processing the collected STIM data. Furthermore, the detector has high spatial and
  • high-angle scattering events, or moving it down to increase the angular resolution and distance for time-of-flight measurements. With this new system, we show composition-dependent contrast for amorphous materials and the contrast difference between small-angle and high-angle scattering signals. We
  • using the beam deflected in a polar and azimuthal angular sector. For amorphous materials under perpendicular incidence, the transmitted beam is expected to be scattered symmetrically around the axis of incidence. The average polar angle of scattering depends on both the material and the thickness of
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Published 11 Dec 2020

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

  • Jianqi Dong,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Yuqing Yang and
  • Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

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  • introduced during the epitaxial growth process [1][2][3]. Furthermore, the analysis of the internal polarization of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction showed the existence of a 2D electron gas (2DEG), which effectively suppresses the degradation of the carrier mobility caused by the scattering at charge
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Published 10 Dec 2020

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO2@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO2 core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

  • Bridget K. Mutuma,
  • Xiluva Mathebula,
  • Isaac Nongwe,
  • Bonakele P. Mtolo,
  • Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
  • Rudolph Erasmus,
  • Zikhona Tetana and
  • Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

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  • ]: where F(R) is the Kubelka–Munk function, α is the absorption coefficient and S is the scattering coefficient (n = 2 or 0.5 for direct or indirect transitions, respectively). The functional groups on mSiO2@NiPS and mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composites were determined using a Bruker Tensor 27 Fourier-transform
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Published 09 Dec 2020

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

  • Shuoye Yang,
  • Zhenwei Wang,
  • Yahong Ping,
  • Yuying Miao,
  • Yongmei Xiao,
  • Lingbo Qu,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Yuansen Hu and
  • Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

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  • -COOH sample is distinctly smaller than that of the raw SWCNTs, and the sample treated with H2SO4/HNO3 mixed acid solution has the most even size distribution. The particle size of CNTs modified by PEG and PEI increases slightly. It should be noted that dynamic light scattering (DLS) is mainly suitable
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Published 13 Nov 2020

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

  • Sebastian Friedrich and
  • Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

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  • –distance curves enable the clear distinction of six different thickness values between a 45 nm thick film and bulk PMMA, whereas data scattering and the small differences between the frequencies (≅4 kHz) would hardly allow one to discern a further curve in Figure 7 between those corresponding to the 45 nm
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Published 12 Nov 2020

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

  • Christine Brülke,
  • Oliver Bauer and
  • Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

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  • satellites around the specular spot caused by multiple electron scattering as reported in [30]. PTCDA was evaporated from a glass crucible. The molecular flux was also monitored by the QMS at m/z 392, which corresponds to the mass of the non-fractured PTCDA molecule. The flux was typically one monolayer per
  • shift of 1,310 cm−1. This is higher in energy by 13 cm−1 compared to the Raman shift (1,297 cm−1) for the RB mode of a layer at room temperature (RT) [42]. The special role of this RB mode will be discussed in further detail below. 2.1 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering The fact that the Raman modes of a
  • small quantity of molecules can be observed here at all is attributed to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [45]. This effect is most commonly observed on rough surfaces of noble metals [45] or at metal nanostructures [46], and it is utilized in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [47]. There are
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Published 03 Nov 2020

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

  • Alexander P. Pospelov,
  • Victor I. Belan,
  • Dmytro O. Harbuz,
  • Volodymyr L. Vakula,
  • Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
  • Yuliya V. Volkova and
  • Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

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  • generation and nonlinear electric current processes in the contact caused by scattering of electrons in a nonequilibrium state are spatially separated [30]. The separation of nonlinear electric current phenomena from other interactions allows us to directly observe their energy component as a result of the
  • conductance result only from scattering processes of electrons in a nonequilibrium state [30]. In addition, the voltage sweep in the contact ranges widely and so does the excess energy of nonequilibrium electrons, which they can transfer as a result of the interaction. This allows us to effectively influence
  • molecule, the molecule can be characterized by a certain energy of interaction with the gas-sensing matrix material (i.e., the adsorption energy). Any adsorption event in the Yanson point contact entails a redistribution of the electron density in the conduction channel of the point contact, the scattering
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Published 28 Oct 2020

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag2S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

  • Raid A. Ismail,
  • Hanan A. Rawdhan and
  • Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

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  • intensity of peaks (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) due to the reduced agglomeration and aggregation of particles and the small size of the Ag2S particles prepared under the effect of the CTAB surfactant [29]. Inset of Figure 4 is the Raman spectrum of thiourea solution, in which three peaks were
  • of the nanoparticles was decreased after adding CTAB, which results in decreasing optical absorption. The agglomerated NPs can be considered as scattering centers in solution, and hence the optical absorption of Ag2S increased [30]. A small absorption peak was detected at 355 nm for Ag2S prepared
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Published 21 Oct 2020

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

  • Jingran Zhang,
  • Tianqi Jia,
  • Xiaoping Li,
  • Junjie Yang,
  • Zhengkai Li,
  • Guangfeng Shi,
  • Xinming Zhang and
  • Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

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  • electrochemical method, three-dimensional arrayed nanopore structures are machined onto a Mg surface. The structured Mg surface is coated with a thin gold (Au) film, which is used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. A rhodamine 6G (R6G) probe molecule is used as the detection agent for the
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Published 16 Oct 2020

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

  • Daniel F. Quevedo,
  • Cody J. Lentz,
  • Adriana Coll de Peña,
  • Yazmin Hernandez,
  • Nahal Habibi,
  • Rikako Miki,
  • Joerg Lahann and
  • Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

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  • diameter of 299 ± 128 nm (Figure 1b). The particles were subsequently collected and suspended in media. After allowing the particles to equilibrate for 24 h, the average particle diameter value increased to 356 ± 190 nm according to dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The size distribution curves
  • hydrodynamic diameter values of 373 ± 180 nm and 356 ± 190 nm, respectively (Figure 2a). The zeta potential values (ζp) of the SPNPs were also measured via electrophoretic light scattering in the same suspension medium used in the EK experiments. The obtained results were −20.0 ± 0.6 mV for the SPNP-BSA-488
  • the desired particles. Particles, in their dry state, were imaged using SEM for shape analysis. To determine their hydrodynamic size distribution after being hydrated, the particles were suspended in ultrapure H2O + 0.01% Tween 20, sonicated on ice, and measured with dynamic light scattering (Malvern
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Published 13 Oct 2020

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

  • Monika Fleischer,
  • Dai Zhang and
  • Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

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  • . Prominent examples are SERS and TERS, where the intrinsically small Raman scattering cross-section is enhanced by several orders of magnitude, making single-molecule spectroscopy feasible. These spectroscopic techniques have shown tremendous progress in the last two decades [29][30][31][32]. Under high
  • sizeable third-harmonic generation from the pillar. The fact that nonlinear effects can already be observed in the absorption and scattering of single gold nanoparticles at much lower laser intensities is demonstrated in [56]. Using the so-called x-scan technique, a nanoparticle is scanned through a
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Published 07 Oct 2020

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

  • Mathias Franz,
  • Romy Junghans,
  • Paul Schmitt,
  • Adriana Szeghalmi and
  • Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

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  • analysed by Fazio et al. [1]. It is mainly based on multiple light scattering at the silicon nanowires. Figure 4 shows SEM images of an etched wafer using Au nanoparticles as etching catalyst. This wafer has been etched with 50 mmol/L H2O2 for 10 min. The SEM images show cross sections of the wafer centre
  • significantly on the wafers. The process is quite homogeneous over the whole wafer. The straight etching profile indicates that the main etching occurred in the first etching regime (where n = 4). The top-view SEM image in Figure 4e has been acquired with increased electron energy. Using a back-scattering
  • is caused by multiple light scattering and reflection within the nanostructures [1]. The wafers etched with a higher H2O2 concentration show a lower mean reflectance. This lower reflectance is correlated to the increased etching depth with increasing H2O2 concentration. All these wafers contain
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Published 23 Sep 2020

Transient coating of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

  • Konstantin Paliienko,
  • Artem Pastukhov,
  • Michal Babič,
  • Daniel Horák,
  • Olga Vasylchenko and
  • Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

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  • diameter Di. The dispersity (Ð) is expressed by the ratio Dw/Dn, where Dw is the weight-average particle diameter, Dw = ΣNiDi4/ΣNiDi3. The hydrodynamic diameter Dh (z-average) and polydispersity index (PI) as measures of the distribution width were obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a
  • concentrations was considered as 100% in further calculations. Analysis of the size of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in different media by laser correlation spectroscopy The size of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was measured by dynamic light scattering using a laser correlation spectrometer ZetaSizer-3 (Malvern Instrument, UK
  • from 1 nm to 50 µm. Registration and statistical processing of laser light scattered by a water (n = 1.33) suspension of the nanoparticles, measured repeatedly for 120 s at 22 °С at a scattering angle of 90°, were carried out. The results of the experiments were processed using the software PCS-Size
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Published 10 Sep 2020

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

  • Qi Wang,
  • Meng-Ting Chen,
  • Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
  • Bin Shen,
  • Thomas Geiger,
  • Holger F. Bettinger,
  • Frank Schreiber,
  • Ingo Salzmann,
  • Alexander Gerlach and
  • Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

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  • ][29]. PFP, in contrast, exhibits π-stacking on various substrates [18][56]. The X-ray scattering data shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S7 confirmed this ordering motif for the Ag(111) surface. The almost symmetric shape of the PFP HOMO in multilayers on Ag(111) resembled that of likewise
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Published 08 Sep 2020

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

  • Sergey Bakurskiy,
  • Mikhail Kupriyanov,
  • Nikolay V. Klenov,
  • Igor Soloviev,
  • Andrey Schegolev,
  • Roman Morari,
  • Yury Khaydukov and
  • Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

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  • enhancement of the effective exchange field in this artificial ferromagnet. Previously, the properties of [Co(1.5 nm)/Nb(8 nm)/Co(2.5 nm)/Nb(8 nm)]6 multilayer structures for cryogenic memory applications were studied using polarized neutron scattering and magnetometry techniques [9]. In particular, the
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Published 07 Sep 2020

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistors

  • Jakub Jadwiszczak,
  • Pierce Maguire,
  • Conor P. Cullen,
  • Georg S. Duesberg and
  • Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

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  • improvement of both the carrier mobility in the transistor channel and the electrical conductance of the MoS2, due to doping with ion beam-created sulfur vacancies. Larger areal irradiations introduce a higher concentration of scattering centers, hampering the electrical performance of the device. In addition
  • creation of defects in TMD FETs may serve to improve charge transport and tune the device performance [10][20][28], while the effective donor concentration and the introduced scattering potentials need to be tailored accordingly [29][30]. Thus far, these studies have focused either on spatially confined
  • region of the transfer curve, μ is seen to improve by up to 40% in two out of three devices in the blue region. For the green and red regions of IR, μ is always seen to worsen as the area of the irradiated channel is increased. μ is expected to drop heavily as the rate of electron scattering rises with
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Published 04 Sep 2020

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]10/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

  • Yury Khaydukov,
  • Sabine Pütter,
  • Laura Guasco,
  • Roman Morari,
  • Gideok Kim,
  • Thomas Keller,
  • Anatolie Sidorenko and
  • Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

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  • the reflectivity is proportional to the square of the Fourier transform of dρ(z)/dz, where ρ(z) is the depth profile of the scattering length density (SLD). The SLD is defined as the product of the averaged scattering length and the density N. For a periodic structure with period D repeated n times
  • between the SLDs of Fe and Nb. Interdiffusion will lead to suppression of the contrast and, hence, of R1. Assuming that the packing density Nav is the same for both layers, we may estimate the concentration of Fe in the FecNb1−c alloy as where = ρ/Nav is the averaged coherent scattering length of the
  • corresponding layer, and bFe and bNb are the coherent scattering lengths of Fe and Nb. The X-ray SLDs of Fe and Nb differ only by a few percent, which makes the X-ray contrast very small even without interdiffusion. For neutrons, in contrast, the SLDs of Fe and Nb, ρFe = 8 × 10−4 nm−2 and ρNb = 3.9 × 10−4 nm−2
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Published 21 Aug 2020

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

  • Andrey V. Shibaev,
  • Petr V. Shvets,
  • Darya E. Kessel,
  • Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
  • Anton S. Orekhov,
  • Sergey S. Abramchuk,
  • Alexei R. Khokhlov and
  • Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

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  • reference sample (20–50 nm). It is well known that distinguishing between magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) only using the diffraction technique is not straightforward. However, these samples can be easily distinguished by Raman scattering, since Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3 and other iron oxides and hydroxides
  • to excite the Raman scattering. The irradiation power density on the sample was continuously decreased (using neutral density filters and beam defocusing) until no further changes were observed in the obtained spectra. A power of ≈0.2 mW on the sample and a laser spot diameter of ≈30 μm were
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Published 17 Aug 2020

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He+ beam direct writing

  • Rosa Córdoba,
  • Alfonso Ibarra,
  • Dominique Mailly,
  • Isabel Guillamón,
  • Hermann Suderow and
  • José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

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  • relatively large Ga+ beam diameter (approx. 5 nm) and a high proximity effect generated by Ga+ ion scattering. Regarding a higher spatial resolution, the helium ion microscope (HIM) [27], based on a gas field-ionization source, has emerged as a tool for direct writing of complex 3D nano-objects taking
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Published 11 Aug 2020

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

  • Marius van den Berg,
  • Ardeshir Moeinian,
  • Arne Kobald,
  • Yu-Ting Chen,
  • Anke Horneber,
  • Steffen Strehle,
  • Alfred J. Meixner and
  • Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

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  • microscopy images. Additionally, the polarizations of Raman scattering and the photoluminescence signal from the tip–sample nanogap are explored by combining polarization angle-resolved emission spectroscopy with tip-enhanced optical spectroscopy. Our work demonstrates the significant potential of resolving
  • polarizations of Raman scattering and the photoluminescence from the tip–sample nanogap. Results and Discussion Silicon nanowire core–shell morphology In accordance with the VLS synthesis method (see Experimental section), the utilized Pt catalyst, or finally PtxSiy, remains at the tip of the nanowire during
  • ratio between the crystalline Si and amorphous Si Raman peaks at sample positions as close as eight nanometers can be revealed. Furthermore, the polarizations of Raman scattering and photoluminescence signals locally emitted from a single SiNW are explored by combining polarization angle-resolved
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Published 31 Jul 2020

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

  • Babak Sakkaki,
  • Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
  • Ghafar Darvish and
  • Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

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  • , these devices are tunable by varying the neck width. A4Z6-6 exhibits a large current in comparison with A4Z6-24. This is attributed to an increase in the amount of defects in A4Z6-24, i.e., the increasing scattering of carriers decreases the transmission. Another reason is the size of the bandgap
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Published 15 Jul 2020

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO2 covered with gold nanoparticles

  • Andrea Brognara,
  • Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
  • Beatrice R. Bricchi,
  • Andrea Li Bassi,
  • Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
  • Matteo Ghidelli and
  • Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

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  • -enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors for the detection of 17β-estradiol. Gold deposition on top of a TiO2 surface leads to the formation of nanoparticles the plasmonic properties of which fulfil the requirements of a SERS sensor. The morphological and optical properties of the surface were investigated
  • -estradiol, an emerging contaminant in environmental waters. We have found a limit of detection of 1 nM with a sensitivity allowing for a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude (up to 100 µM). Keywords: aptamer; Au nanoparticles; 17-β estradiol (E2); plasmonics; sensor; surface-enhanced Raman scattering
  • (SERS); TiO2 nanostructures; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a sensing tool requires the optimization of a surface and its functionalization. The surface should provide a good enhancement over a large range of wavelengths, to detect molecules with various fingerprints, while it
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Published 14 Jul 2020
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