TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• composite. The BET specific surface area of the TiO2/GO composite was determined to be 155.2 m2 g−1. Through the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analysis, the pore size distribution of TiO2/GO shows that the majority of the pores are around 2.9 and 7.4 nm. The rich porosity not only provides abundant pore

• mV. Schematic illustration of a Li/S battery with a TiO2/GO-coated functional separator. (a) XRD patterns of the as-spun and as-dealloyed Ti10Al90 alloy foils. (b) Raman spectra of TiO2, GO and the TiO2/GO composite. (c) TGA curve and (d) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distribution

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• 460 and 500 nm and polydispersity indices in the range of 0.153 and 0.213, indicating a narrow but not monodisperse size distribution (Table 1). The spherical shape and narrow size distribution of HSA nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as depicted for nanoparticles

• amount detected in the collected supernatants. Determination of particle size distribution The average particle size and the polydispersity were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) using a Malvern zetasizer nano instrument (Malvern Instruments, Herrenberg, Germany). The resulting particle

• -test was used for comparing two groups. Three and more groups were compared by ANOVA followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test. P-values lower than 0.05 were considered to be significant. SEM confirmed the spherical shape and narrow size distribution of doxorubicin-loaded HSA (100%) nanoparticles

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• (measured at −196 °C) and (B, D) cumulative pore size distribution (PSD) using QSDFT with cylindrical/slit-shaped pores of the samples (A, B): PUPC-800-1 (cyan), PUPC-800-2 (blue), PUPC-800-3 (green), and PU-BM-800 (black) and the samples (C, D): PUUPC-1-800 (green), PUUPC-2-800 (blue), PUUPC-3-800 (grey

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• controllers (Bronkhorst). Synthesis scheme of nanocrystalline ZnO, SiC and ZnO/SiC nanocomposite materials. SEM micrographs of polymer nanofibers containing polycarbosilane (a) and zinc acetate (b). SEM micrographs of annealed SiC (c) and ZnO (d). (e) SEM micrograph of ZnO/SiC_45 nanocomposite. (f) Pore size

• distribution of annealed ZnO and SiC. X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) ZnO nanofibers and nanocrystalline SiC and (b) ZnO/SiC nanocomposites. The vertical solid and dotted lines correspond to ICDD 36-1451 (ZnO, wurtzite) and ICDD 29-1129 (SiC-3C polytype) references, respectively. FTIR spectra of ZnO

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• equality between their height and their lateral diameters. However, discrepancies between AFM and SEM measurements have been observed, showing significant deviation from sphericity as a function of the nanoparticle size. Keywords: AFM; hybrid metrology; nanoparticles; SEM; size distribution; uncertainty

• , binarizing the image to discriminate objects from the substrate, identifying each imaged nano-object, evaluating roughness and building the size distribution histogram by only counting isolated nanoparticles. NP agglomeration may induce errors in the measurements and should be avoided [1][11]. The program is

• of interest was identified and imaged by AFM (Figure 4a) and SEM (Figure 4b). From these measurements, the size distribution histograms of both techniques were created and are given in Figure 4c–f. The modal values of HAFM, DSEM, DFmin and DFmax measured on these 136 NPs have been found to be 24.8 nm

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• from X-ray photoelectron spectra of P-series precursors (Table 1, for the naming scheme of the samples see section “Experimental”). The N2 adsorption isotherms together with the micropore size distribution curves are given in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1). The BET specific surface area

• Information File 1) with the micropore size distribution calculated by the MP-method. The BET-SSAs of these two carbon series exhibited different behaviors (Table 3), e.g., those of HH-series carbon materials were almost constant (ca. 30 m2·g−1) even though the corresponding precursors showed different BET

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• possible. Fe deposition onto nonoxidized GC is possible as well but leads to poor reproducibility and inhomogeneous samples with respect to particle size and size distribution. The control over the size of the particles is necessary since it was shown that the diameter of CVD-prepared CNTs can be

• primary CNTs, the H2/Ar ratio was adjusted to 1.2 L h−1/0.5 L h−1 to avoid formation of amorphous carbon, and the growth of secondary CNTs was successfully achieved, as demonstrated in Figure 4b. The secondary CNTs were grown quite irregularly, which may be caused by the size distribution of the Fe

• . Structural characterization The nanostructured electrodes were examined via SEM employing an ESEM XI 30 FEG (Philips, Germany) instrument to characterize the morphology and structural properties. The average particle size and size distribution of Fe nanoparticles were determined by examining the size of 200

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• temperature profile of a phase transformation, it is possible to calculate the particle size distribution of the ensemble with a precision within the scattering range of the experimental data. This is the most important application of this analysis and coincidently a proof of the basic premise. The basic

• : energy distribution; isothermal ensemble; nanoparticle ensemble; normal distribution; particle size distribution; temperature distribution; Introduction General theoretical considerations about ensembles of nanoparticles assume that the ensemble is isothermal. To connect these theoretical considerations

• particle size dependent, the determination of the particle size distribution is inherently possible from the experimentally found temperature dependence of a phase transformation. Results and Discussion Mathematical model Maxwell and Boltzmann assumed a normal distribution of the velocity for gas atoms

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• electron spectrometer was used to observe X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results. A monochromatic Al Kα source (1486.7 eV) and a 300 × 500 μm spot size was used to collect the spectra. In 77 K nitrogen atmosphere, the specific surface area and pore size distribution of the sample were determined by

• diatomite, TiO2/diatomite and BTD have an H4-type hysteresis loop, indicating that all samples have a mesoporous structure. At the same time, the pore size distribution and average pore size also confirm that the samples have mesoporous structure. Figure 2b shows that the pore size distribution of BTD has a

• wide size distribution, although most are mesoporous, and the rest are macroporous. The specific surface area of BTD is slightly lower than that of diatomite due to the surface loading of BiOCl and TiO2. The pore volume of the BTD composite is larger than that of BiOCl and TiO2/diatomite, which

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• order to determine the particle size distribution and morphology of the samples, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was carried out. Figure 3 shows FE-SEM images of all the samples. The images reveal that particles are in the nanometer range and roughly spherical in shape. The

• particles size distribution in the samples was determined by measuring the size of 100 particles from the FE-SEM images fitting the size histogram with a log-normal function: where D0 is the median diameter and σ is the dispersion. The mean diameter ⟨D⟩ = D0·exp(σ2/2) and standard deviation σD = ⟨D⟩·[exp(σ2

• ) x = 0.4; (d) x = 0.6; (e) x = 0.8 and (f) x = 1.0. Insets show the particle size distribution fitted with a log-normal function (solid line). EDX spectra of CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles: (a) x = 0.2; (b) x = 0.6; and (c) x = 1.0. (d) Comparison of the Co/Fe atomic ratio obtained from EDX analysis and

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• and current sources were set at 40 kV and 30 mA, respectively. Diffractograms were recorded at a goniometer speed of 0.5 s per step between 4° and 60° (2θ). The BET specific surface area and the pore size distribution (Barret–Joyner–Hallenda method) were determined from nitrogen adsorption/desorption

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• important that both the size distribution of the MNPs and the relaxation time corresponding to each volume are well characterized. The heat transfer is reflected in a power deposition term, qp. Among other parameters, this term depends on the volume fraction of the nanoparticles in the ferrofluid, φ, which

• to available approaches for describing the more complex cases related to particle size distribution and different concentrations. The influence of the dipolar interactions on the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility has been more recently extensively studied by Ivanov et al. [24][25]. For

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• -NP/cellulose-NF–E; histograms of the silver nanoparticle size distribution and EDX spectra of the samples Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–A, –B, and –C; SERS spectra of R6G at different concentrations obtained by using substrate Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–E. Supporting Information File 250: Additional figures

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• ) alloyed nanoparticles that have a very homogeneous size distribution (in spite of the high metal loading of ≈40 wt % Pt), using an ionic liquid as a stabilizer. The electrochemical surface area, the activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and the amount of H2O2 generated during the oxygen reduction

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• , consequently, optimize their gas-adsorption capacity. In addition, the control of the chemico-physical properties (i.e., pore-size distribution, specific surface area (SSA) and surface basicity) of the target samples is known to play a fundamental role in the control of their performance (activity and

• size of the para-dicyano aryl co-monomer, the greater the share of mesopores (%) and their size distribution in the target material. Indeed, CTF5 (DCBP/DCI) holds a percentage of mesopores up to 18% higher than its counterpart CTF4 (p-DCB/DCI) and mesopore sizes up to 40 Å (Table 1 and Supporting

• was determined with helium. The specific surface area (SSA) for each sample was determined by the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method (BET) using data points at a relative pressure p/p0 between 0.05 and 0.3. The total pore volume was determined at a relative pressure of 0.98. The pore size distribution was

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• -scale size distribution (Figure 2a). After 15 min of reaction, the crystals grow larger and started to show a rod-like structure with sub-micrometer sizes (Figure 2b). As the reaction time is extended to 60 min, the crystals transform into a rice-like structure (Figure 2c). For more detailed information

• medium. Since the rate of hydroxide release is a strong parameter to control the size, size distribution and defect content of the resulting crystal, it is expected to obtain a variation for these values in the case of comparing the effect of HMTA and LiOH on the crystal growth. Moreover, such a

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• morphologies, to immobilize these types of nanoparticles mainly plays a role in i) the control of their size and size distribution on the solid surface, ii) the mitigation or suppression of the nanoparticle aggregation, and iii) the hierarchical design for selectivity enhancements in the catalytic

• the particle size and the size distribution of the growing NPs; ii) to immobilize the NPs either on the external surface or within nanoscale spaces, e.g., pores and intracrystalline cavities; iii) to diminish/to avoid NPs aggregation; iv) to suppress the NPs dissolution; v) to yield stable suspensions

• presence of smectites as a result of the re-stacking of the exfoliated nanosheets has been reported [84]. Due to the variety of hierarchical structures and particle locations (at the external surface or in the interlayer space), the resulting particle size distribution of ZnO NPs can be very wide

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• almost one order of magnitude. It is clear that with increasing growth temperature coarsening and In re-evaporation might play important roles in the nanodots size distribution. The crystal structure of the nanodots was determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis performed on

• measurements of the three samples show a broad emission, peaking at energies above the CIS bandgap, and resembling the nanodots size distribution. For the samples prepared at the lower temperature, which provides the smallest nanodots, the PL emission is blue-shifted compared with the sample grown at the

• highest temperature, which has the biggest nanodots. A simple quantum confinement model used to calculate the first transition energy of the nanodots shows a good agreement between the average size of the dots and the observed peak emission energy. The correlations between the size distribution of the

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• stability over Fe3O4 due to the lack of iron(II) atoms that are prone to oxidation [24]. TEM micrographs of the γ-Fe2O3 particles showed their quasi-spherical shape and a moderately broad size distribution (Figure 2a). The dispersity of the particles (Ð) was 1.25, and the number-average particle diameter

• proportional to the sixth power of size and, in contrast to Dn, is more sensitive to the presence of large objects. The polydispersity of γ-Fe2O3 (PD = 0.33), which characterizes the width of the particle size distribution, was relatively high, indicating the presence of particle agglomerates (doublets

• ) Size-distribution histogram of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. (a) ATR-FTIR spectra of (i) γ-Fe2O3, (ii) γ-Fe2O3@Hep, (iii) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-G, (iv) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-H, and (v) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-P nanoparticles. (b) TGA of (i) γ-Fe2O3, (ii) γ-Fe2O3@Hep, and (iii) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-G. (c) Magnetic hysteresis loop of the

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• value at peak maximum of the volume size distribution. The reported results correspond to the average of six measurements. The zeta potential of the particles was calculated from the measured electrophoretic mobility by means of the Henry equation using the Smoluchowski approximation (f(κa) = 1.5). The

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• sensitivity. Experimental Synthesis of Au nanotags AuNPs with an average diameter of 10 ± 5 nm and log-normal size distribution (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1) were obtained by LASiS using an Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 9 ns, 50 Hz) focused to 8 J/cm2 with a 10 cm focus lens on a 99.9% pure gold

• which are shown in Figure 1B, have a hierarchical structure with one or more large Au nanoparticles surrounded by smaller particles, all grouped in a nanoaggregate with size of the order of tens of nanometers. In particular, the size distribution of the nanoaggregates is similar among the three samples

• single AuNT. Error bars represent the standard deviation. Dashed lines represent twice the noise level in the experimental conditions used and for various acquisition times. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 242: Size distribution of Au nanoparticles, UV–visible spectra of Au nanotags

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• size distribution with a PDI below 0.1 (see Table 1). The zeta potential of about −40 mV indicated colloidal stability due to electrostatic particle repulsion [14]. In our experimental setup we always referred to a constant surface area of NPs incubated with varying concentrations of serum. Surface

• in 2 mL ethyl acetate. All other preparation steps were conducted as described above. Nanoparticle diameter, size distribution and zeta potential The hydrodynamic NP diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• purity and monodisperse NCs is often critical because these variables can distort optical and electronic measurements, or hinder the self-assembly process of nanoscale structures [5]. Therefore, the effective control of the size distribution of NCs will facilitate the tunability of the properties of the

• size distribution in order to obtain their representative photophysical properties. As shown in Figure 1, SSSP was used to fractionation the crude AuNCs into four AuNCs fractions with different sizes. Briefly, organic solvent (acetone) was gradually added in an aqueous solution of AuNCs, whereby the

• ) structure of Au nanocrystal whereas the high-magnification TEM image also shows very clear fringes of the AuNC. These results infer that our AuNC product consists of highly crystalline nanocrystals. Figure 2B depicts the histogram of the size distribution obtained from the HRTEM image. The AuNC product

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGylation of nGO was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV spectroscopy and TEM. The average size distribution of nGO and PEG-nGO was determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Subsequently, an in vivo study measuring a marker for oxidative stress

• the average size distribution of nGO and PEG-nGO, respectively. In vivo assays The number of free radicals produced by a dose of PEG-nGO was estimated by the comparative levels of lipid peroxides present in the control and treated groups. The level of lipid peroxides and free radical scavengers are

• (JEOL JEM-1400 Plus) was used to examine the morphology of GO, nGO, and PEG-nGO. The average particle size distribution of nGO and PEG-nGO were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (Malvern Panalytical ZS90). In vivo treatment Female albino mice were kept at the facility of King Saud University Research

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• implemented for large-scale nanoparticle applications, such as for permanent magnets and biomedical applications. Given their good particle size distribution (≈10 nm diameter) and almost the same saturation magnetization per particle, these samples represent a good model system to study the systematic effect

• , Figure S1), which in a following step is annealed in air atmosphere at 350 °C for 3 h. This double step approach ensures good crystallization of small particles with relatively narrow size distribution. The samples were named Cn, where n = 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 is the percentage of cobalt. Experimental

• affect the lattice parameter to a large extent, as experimentally observed in our samples. TEM analysis shows a regular morphology of the NPs. All samples have spherical particles of uniform size distribution as in the examples provided in Figure 2 for C0 and C100 samples. Despite some aggregation, it is